COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANANA LEAVES (Musa acuminata balbisiana) AND

MANGO LEAVES (Magnifera indica) AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY

HANDMADE PAPER

Gellian M. Agnecito
Ellona Jean N. Aguilar
Charlotte Kyla Amoranto
Maria Christina Estelle L. Bagay
Justine Marie D. Beler
Lander James T. Bombasi
Alexander James Cruz
Miracle M. Luna
Marianne Eizen F. Marasigan
John Baltazar B. Mensorado
Aliyah Mae E. Realubit
John Romald L. Sobrecarey
Rusell Franz B. Sorre

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

in Research IV

Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial National High School

San Antonio City of Biñan Laguna

March 2019

Mrs. Maribel L. Nayad

Research Adviser
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Names: Gellian M. Agnecito, Ellona Jean N. Aguilar, Charlotte Kyla Amoranto, Maria

Christina Estelle L. Bagay, Justine Marie D. Beler, Lander James T. Bombasi, Alexander

James Cruz, Miracle M. Luna, Marianne Eizen F. Marasigan, John Baltazar B. Mensorado,

Aliyah Mae E. Realubit, John Romald L. Sobrecarey, Rusell Franz B. Sorre

I. Research Title:

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANANA LEAVES (Musa acuminata balbisiana) AND

MANGO LEAVES (Magnifera indica) AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY

HANDMADE PAPER

II. Plan Structure

A. Problem Being Addressed/ Objectives

The main objectives of this study is to provide an eco-friendly handmade paper

using fiber of banana leaves (Musa acuminata balbisiana).

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. use fiber from leaves to make a paper rather than cutting down trees;

2. identify the tear strength, texture, acceptability of paper in the market, burst index, tensile

strength, thickness and GSM (Grams per square meter) of a handmade paper and

commercialized paper and

3. produce a handmade paper which is more affordable than commercial ones

B. Hypotheses

Null (Ho):

There is no significant difference between the qualities of banana leaves paper

and mango leaves paper in terms of tear strength, texture, acceptability of paper in the

market, burst index, tensile strength, thickness and GMS (Grams per square meter).

Alternative (Ha):

There is a significant difference between the qualities of banana leaves paper

and mango leaves paper in terms of tear strength, texture, acceptability of paper in the

market, burst index, tensile strength, thickness and GSM (Grams per square meter).

C. Description in Detail of the Methods of Procedure

Procedure of the Study

1. Source of Materials

The researchers will collect one kilogram (1Kg) of banana leaves, mango

leaves and scrap paper. They will gather banana leaves at Sorre’s residence in Tagapo,

Sta. Rosa, Laguna and mango leaves at Cruz’s residence in Dela Paz, Biñan Laguna.

They will also provide the following materials including scissors and cutters to be used

in cutting the banana and mango leaves into smaller pieces, blender in grinding the

banana leaves, silk screen for the filtration, molder for shaping the handmade paper

made in banana leaves fiber and mango leaves paper to its proper shape and basin as

the container of the grounded banana and mango leaves. The researchers will also test
 the thickness of the paper by using microcaliper provided by Jacobo Z. Gonzales

Memorial School of Arts and Trade (JZGMSAT- TESDA). In addition to improve the

color of the paper, the researchers will use bleach to make the paper more acceptable

to market.

2. Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial National High

School located at Romana Subdivision Brgy. San Antonio Biñan City, Laguna Region

IV-A Calabarzon during the period of June 2018 to March 2019.

3. Procedure

A. Washing

The researchers will wash the banana leaves and the mango leaves with water

to remove the dirts, dust and also the unnecessary substances on it.

B. Boiling

The researchers will get the casserole and put water on it. After that, they will

put the banana leaves in the casserole with water, then they will put it on the stove and

wait for it until it boiled and for the mango leaves, they will do the same procedure.

C. Blending

The researchers will cut the banana and mango leaves into small pieces so that,

it can fit to the blender. They will use blender to mix the banana leaves and the scrap

papers. After that, the mango leaves and scrap papers will be mix too.
D. Draining

After blending, the researchers will drain the banana leaves fiber with scrap

papers and mango leaves with scrap papers in the strainer to eliminate the excess water

on it.

E. Bleaching

After draining, they will use container to apply bleach to the banana leaves

fiber with scrap papers and in mango leaves with scrap papers, to make the handmade

papers white.

F. Molding

The researchers will put banana leaves fiber with scrap paper and mango leaves

with scrap papers to the silk screen to mold it in an exact shape and size.

G. Sun Drying

After molding, they will dry it under the sun in a temperature of 27.7˚C.

H. Cutting

The researchers will cut the excess edges of the handmade papers to make it

presentable and acceptable in market.

I. Calendaring/ Rolling

The researchers will use rollers to make the paper thin and uniform in

thickness.
Experimental Design and Treatment

The researchers will conduct an experiment regarding the qualities of the handmade

paper using banana leaves fiber and compared that to a mango leaves and commercialized

paper. The commercialized paper will served as the controlled group and labelled it as

Treatment 1 (T1). For the second treatment, they will mixed 50 grams (50g) of banana

leaves fiber and 50 grams (50g) of scrap papers in the blender with one liter (1L) of water

in making a handmade paper made in banana leaves fiber and label it as Treatment 2 (T2).

For the Treatment 3 (T3), the researchers will mix 100 grams (100g) of banana leaves fiber

and 50 grams (50g) of scrap papers in the blender with 1liter (1L) of water. In the fourth

treatment (T4), they will mix 50 grams (50g) of grounded mango leaves and 50 grams (50g)

of scrap papers in the blender with 1liter (1L) of water. Lastly, Treatment 5 (T5), they will

mix 100 grams (100g) of grounded mango leaves and 50 grams (50g) of scrap papers in

the blender with 1 liter (1L) of water.

The researchers will test the qualities of all treatments in terms of its tear strength,

texture, acceptance of paper in market, burst index, tensile strength, thickness and GSM

(Grams per square meter).

4. Data Gathering

The researchers will test the tear strength, burst strength and tensile strength of

the banana and mango paper. In the tear strength they will use paper shredder, in burst

strength they will use bursting strength tester, while in tensile strength they will use tensile

strength which will be provided by the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB).
 In comparing the texture and acceptability of banana and mango paper in the market they

will conduct a survey. They will also test the thickness of the banana and mango paper

using microcaliper in micrometer (µm).

5. Statistical Analysis

The researchers will use the following statistical tools to answer the research

problems such as Independent Sample T- Test to test the hypothesis about means of normal

distributions when the standard deviations are unknown and one-way ANOVA to

determine the contributions of given factors or variables to the variance. The researchers

will used ANOVA to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences

between the means of two or more independent (unrelated) groups and they will also use

Independent Sample T-Test to compares the means of two independent groups in order to

determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are

significantly different.

D. Duration and Schedule of Activities

Research June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March
Activity 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019
Project
Summary
Research
Plan
Creating a
Title
Doing
Chapter 1-3
Preparing
Experimenta-
tion
Actual
Experimenta-
tion
Doing
Chapter 4-5
Finalizing
Data
Defense

E. Cost- Analysis

MATERIALS QUANTITY COST. (₱)

Banana Leaves 1 kg 20

Scissors 1 pc 15

Cutter 1 pc 25

Blender 1 pc 800

Silk Screen 9 pcs 900

Micro caliper 1 pc 900

Bleach 1 kg 50

TOTAL: ₱2,710.00

F. Bibliography

Tarun, K. B. (2013). “Handmade paper from banana stem” Retrieved (July 6, 2018) from
www.ijiser.org/paper/handmade-paper-fro-banana-stem.html
Anonymous (2018). “Banana Leaf Paper-Natural” Retrieved (July 6, 2018) from
https://twohandspaperie.com/banana-leaf-paper-natural/
Pascual (2010). “Making Paper by hand from fibers of Banana Leaves and Mother-in-law
tongue blades” Retrieved (July 7, 2018) from
www.backyardnature.net/m/crafts/papel.html
Anonymous (2014). “Handmade Paper Project For Banana Fiber” Retrieved (July 7, 2018)
from www.unnivisionin_blogspot.com/2014/03/handmade-paper-project-for-banana-
fiber.html
Baldwin, C. (2015). “How to Make Banana Paper” Retrieved (July 7, 2018) from
https://www.ehow.com/how-6464815_make-banana-paper.html
Radhakrishnan, M. (2017). “Amazing Benefits And Uses Of Mango Leaves (Aam Ke
Patte)” Retrieved (July 30, 2018) from
https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-and-uses-of-
mango-leaves/%3famp=1
Unknown, (2018). “Mango Paper Kozo Paper with Mango Leaf Inclusions. Retrieved (July
30, 2018) from https://www.mulberrypaperandmore.com/c-
210.aspx?searchEngineName=mango-paper
Chiri, (2018). “Handmade Mango Paper” Retrieved (July 30 2018) from
https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/www.culturalindia.net/amp/indian-crafts/mango-
paper.html
Anonymous, (2018). “Eco friendly-recycled organic mango paper” Retrieved (July 30,
2018 from https://www.ecopaper.com/mango-papertm-6-x-8-journal-notebook-
40104.html

G. Definition of Terms

Fiber – A thin thread of natural or artificial material that can be used to make cloth, paper,

etc.

Casserole – A deep dish used for baking.

Grounded – To grind a lens, to reduce to fine particles, as by pounding or crushing; bray,

triturate, or pulverize.
Tensile – Relating to the amount that something (such as wire) can stretch or be stretched

without breaking.

Deviation – The difference between the average of a group of numbers and a particular

number in that group.

Variance – An amount of difference or change.

Molding – A decorative plane or curved strip used for ornamentation or finishing.

Draining – To remove (liquid) from something by letting it flow away or out.

Grinding – To crush or break (something) into very small pieces by rubbing it against a

rough surface or using special machine.

Burst – To break open or into pieces in a sudden and violent way.