CAT 18 Solutions - Morning Slot - QA Section

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Section : QA SECTION: QA
Q.1: If 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 (𝟓 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝒂) = 𝟑 and 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 (𝟒𝒂 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒃) = 𝟑, then

a + b is equal to
1. 59
2. 40
3. 67
4. 32
log 2 (5 + log 3 𝑎) = 3
5 + log 3 𝑎 = 23
log 3 𝑎 = 3
𝑎 = 33 = 27
log 5 (4𝑎 + 12 + log 2 𝑏) = 3

4𝑎 + 12 + log 2 𝑏 = 53
4 × 27 + 12 + log 2 𝑏 = 53
log 2 𝑏 = 5
𝑏 = 32
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 59
Q.2: Train T leaves station X for station Y at 3 pm. Train S, traveling at

three quarters of the speed of T, leaves Y for X at 4 pm. The two
trains pass each other at a station Z, where the distance between
X and Z is three-fifths of that between X and Y. How many hours
does train T take for its journey from X to Y?
Ans: 15
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Below figure represents the information provided in the question
X 𝟑𝒅 Z 𝟐𝒅 Y
3 PM 4 PM
Speed = 𝟒𝒗 Speed = 𝟑𝒗
Important thing to note here is the variable values. Instead of taking XY

3 2
as d and then taking XZ as 𝑑 and ZY as 𝑑, it is better to take XZ as 3𝑑
5 5
and ZY as 2𝑑 thereby making XY as 5𝑑. Similar thing we did with
3
speeds. If we take speed of T as 𝑣, speed of S will be 𝑣. It is better to
4
take them as 4𝑣 and 3𝑣 to simplify the calculation.
Trains T and S reach Z at the same time, but train T left an hour earlier.
So, Time taken by T for XZ = Time taken by S for YZ + 1 hr
3𝑑 2𝑑
= +1
4𝑣 3𝑣
𝑑
Simplify this and get, = 12
𝑣
5𝑑 5
Time taken by train T to cover XY = = × 12 = 15ℎ𝑟
4𝑣 4
𝟒−𝒑
Q.3: If 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐 𝟖𝟏 = 𝒑, then 𝟑 ( ) is equal to
𝟒+𝒑
1. log 2 8
2. log 4 16
3. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔 𝟖
4. log 6 16

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𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝟒 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
𝑝 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐 𝟖𝟏 = = =
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟑 × 𝟒) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒
𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
𝟒−𝒑 𝟒− 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒
𝟑( ) = 𝟑( ) = 𝟑( )
𝟒+𝒑 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟖 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒
𝟒+
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒
𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒𝟑

= = =
𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟑𝟐 × 𝟒)
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖

= = = = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔 𝟖
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝟔 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔
Q.4: Two types of tea, A and B, are mixed and sold at Rs. 40 per kg. The
profit is 10% if A and B are mixed in the ratio 3 : 2, and 5% if this
ratio is 2 : 3. The cost prices, per kg, of A and B are in the ratio
1. 19 : 24
2. 18 : 25
3. 21 : 25
4. 17 : 25
Let CP of tea A and tea B be CA and CB respectively and CP of mixture

1 and mixture 2 be CM1 and CM2 respectively.
11
When mixed in 3:2 ratio, profit is 10%. So CM1× = 40
10
10×40
CM1 =
11

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20×40
Similarly, CM2 =
21
In mixture M1, ratio is 3:2.
10×40 3𝐶𝐴 +2𝐶𝐵

CM1= = ……①
11 5
In mixture M2, ratio is 2:3
20×40 2𝐶𝐴 +3𝐶𝐵

CM2= = ……②
21 5
Divide ① by ② and get
21 3𝐶𝐴 + 2𝐶𝐵
=
22 2𝐶𝐴 + 3𝐶𝐵
𝐶𝐴 19
=
𝐶𝐵 24
Q.5: The number of integers x such that 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝟐𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎, and

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 is perfectly divisible by either 3 or 4, is
Ans: 5
Values that 𝑥 can take = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Values 2𝑥 can take = 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 16, 32, 64, 128
Values 2𝑥 + 2 can take = 2.25, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 18, 34, 66, 130
Out of these values, only 3, 4, 6, 18 and 66 are divisible by either 3 or 4

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So total 5 values.
Q.6: Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒊𝒏{𝟐𝒙𝟐 , 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙}, where 𝒙 is any positive real

number. Then the maximum possible value of 𝒇(𝒙) is
Ans: 32
To find the x coordinate of point of intersection of two graph, equate

them.
2𝑥 2 = 52 − 5𝑥
(𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 13) = 0
13
𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 −
2
𝑥 is given as positive real number, so 𝑥 = 4

At 𝑥 = 4, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑚𝑖𝑛{2 × 42 , 52 − 5 × 4} = min{32,32} = 32
Q.7: A right circular cone, of height 12 ft, stands on its base which has
diameter 8 ft. The tip of the cone is cut off with a plane which is
parallel to the base and 9 ft from the base. With π = 22/7, the
volume, in cubic ft, of the remaining part of the cone is

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Ans: 198
Small cone
12 D E
Volume to
be found 9 9
C
8 B 4
We have to find the volume of the shaded part of the cone.
Vrequired = Vlarge cone – Vsmall cone where formula for
1
Vcone = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3
To find volume of small cone, we will have to find radius of small cone
using similar triangle property in the second figure.
As DE ∥ BC,
∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
AD DE
=
AB BC
3 DE
=
12 4
DE = 1
1 1
Vrequired = 3
𝜋42 12 − 𝜋12 3
3
1 22
= × × 189 = 198
3 7

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Q.8: A CAT aspirant appears for a certain number of tests. His average
score increases by 1 if the first 10 tests are not considered, and
decreases by 1 if the last 10 tests are not considered. If his average
scores for the first 10 and the last 10 tests are 20 and 30,
respectively, then the total number of tests taken by him is
Ans: 60
Let there be total ‘𝑡’ tests and their average be ‘𝐴’, so total = 𝐴𝑡
Total of first 10 tests = 10 × their average = 10×20 = 200
Total of last 10 tests = 10 × their average = 10×30 = 300
When first 10 tests are not considered,

Total of 𝑡 − 10 tests = 𝐴𝑡 − 200
𝐴𝑡−200
Average without first 10 tests =
𝑡−10
Question says, average increases by 1 if the first 10 tests are not

considered. So…
𝐴𝑡 − 200
= 𝐴 +1 …①
𝑡 − 10
When last 10 tests are not considered,

Total of 𝑡 − 10 tests = 𝐴𝑡 − 300
𝐴𝑡−300
Average without first 10 tests =
𝑡−10
Question says, average decreases by 1 if the last 10 tests are not

considered. So…
𝐴𝑡 − 300
= 𝐴 −1 …②
𝑡 − 10
Solve ① & ② and get value of 𝑡 as 60.

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Q.9: A trader sells 10 litres of a mixture of paints A and B, where the
amount of B in the mixture does not exceed that of A. The cost of
paint A per litre is Rs. 8 more than that of paint B. If the trader
sells the entire mixture for Rs. 264 and makes a profit of 10%,
then the highest possible cost of paint B, in Rs. per litre, is
1. 26
2. 22
3. 20
4. 16
Let costs of paint A and paint B be CA and CB per litre respectively and
volume of paint A and paint B in the final mixture be VA and VB litres
respectively.
Selling Price = 264 & Profit = 10%

11
 ×CP = 264
10
 CP = 24
CA = CB + 8
VA + VB = 10 𝑙𝑡 and VA ≥ VB → 0 ≤ VB ≤ 5

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Paint B Paint A
CB CB + 8
24
(CB+8) – 24 24 – CB
VB : VA
VB CB − 16
=
VA 24 − CB
24VB + 16VA
CB =
10
For CB to be maximum, VB should be maximum, i.e. 5 𝑙𝑡.

VB = VA = 5 𝑙𝑡
CB = (24×5 + 16×5)/10 = 20
Q.10: The distance from A to B is 60 km. Partha and Narayan start from
A at the same time and move towards B. Partha takes four hours
more than Narayan to reach B. Moreover, Partha reaches the
mid-point of A and B two hours before Narayan reaches B. The
speed of Partha, in km per hour, is
1. 5
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6
Let speed of Partha be VP and speed of Narayan be VN

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60 60
Time taken by Partha and Narayan to cover 60 kms is &
VP VN
Partha takes 4 hrs more than Narayan, so…
60 60
= + 4 ….①
VP VP
30
Time taken by Partha to cover half distance is
VP
This time is 2 hrs less than time taken by Narayan to cover 60km, so…
30 60
= − 2 ….②
VP VP
Subtract ② from ① and get VP = 5
Q.11: In a circle, two parallel chords on the same side of a diameter

have lengths 4 cm and 6 cm. If the distance between these chords
is 1 cm, then the radius of the circle, in cm, is
1. √11
2. √13
3. √12
4. √14
C E1 D
A F B

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Given that, AB = 4, CD = 6 and EF = 1. Let radius be r.
AB = 4 => FB = 2, CD = 6 => ED = 3
In ∆OFB,
OB2 = OF 2 + FB 2
𝑟 2 = (𝑂𝐸 + 1)2 + 4 …①
In ∆OED,
OD2 = OE 2 + ED2
𝑟 2 = 𝑂𝐸 2 + 9 …②
Equate ① & ②
(𝑂𝐸 + 1)2 + 4 = 𝑂𝐸 2 + 9
𝑂𝐸 = 2; substitute this in ② and get 𝑟 = √13
Q.12: If f(x + 2) = f(x) + f(x + 1) for all positive integers x, and f(11) = 91,
f(15) = 617, then f(10) equals
Ans: 54
We have f(x+2) in terms of f(x) and f(x+1). X+2 is bigger than x and x+1.
So basically, function of a bigger value is written in terms of sum of
functions of smaller value. This gives us an idea to write f(15) in terms
of f(11) (as we are provided both these values). On doing so, we will try
to generate f(10) as that is asked in the question.
f(x+2) = f(x) + f(x+1)

f(15) = f(13) + f(14)
= f(13) + f(12) + f(13)
= 2f(13) + f(12)
= 2[f(11) + f(12)] +f(12)

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= 2f(11) + 3f(12)
= 2f(11) + 3[f(10) + f(11)]
= 3f(10) + 5f(11)
 f(15) = 3f(10) + 5f(15)

 617 = 3f(10) + 5×91
 f(10) = 54
Q.13: If among 200 students, 105 like pizza and 134 like burger, then
the number of students who like only burger can possibly be
1. 96
2. 23
3. 93
4. 26
For all the possible values of people who like only burger, lets find the
maximum and minimum value.
Case1: Maximum people who like only burger: To find this, we will have
to minimize all other areas we can, like people who don’t like burger or
pizza.
105 134
Pizza Burger

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Pizza ∩ Burger = Pizza + Burger – (Pizza ∪ Burger) = 105+134 – 200 = 39
105 134134
Pizza 39
39 Burger
95
The shaded stripes part (maximum ppl who like burger only) = 134 – 39
= 95
Case2: Minimize people who like only burger: We will assume that all
the people who like pizza also like burger. So, there are zero people
who like only pizza and the intersection part will now have 105 people.
Minimum people who like only burger = 134 – 105 = 29.
134
0
29
Pizza 105 Burger
Our answer should be between 29 and 95.

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Q.14: Point P lies between points A and B such that the length of BP is
thrice that of AP. Car 1 starts from A and moves towards B.
Simultaneously, car 2 starts from B and moves towards A. Car 2
reaches P one hour after car 1 reaches P. If the speed of car 2 is
half that of car 1, then the time, in minutes, taken by car 1 in
reaching P from A is
Ans: 12
d 3d
A P B
Speed=2v Speed=v
d 3d
Time taken by Car1 & Car2 reach P is and respectively.
2v v
Car2 takes 1 hr more than Car1, so…
3𝑑 𝑑
= +1
𝑣 2𝑣
𝑑 2
=
𝑣 5
𝑑 2 1
Time taken by Car1 to reach P = hrs = = hrs = 12 min
2𝑣 2×5 5
𝟏
Q.15: Given that 𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝒚𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟕 = and 𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔 𝒚𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗 = 𝟖, the value of
𝟐
𝟐 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝒚 is
1. 33/4
2. 35/4
3. 31/4
4. 37/4
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1
𝑥 2018 𝑦 2017 = …….①
2
𝑥 2016 𝑦 2019 = 8 …….②
𝑥 2018 𝑦 2017 1⁄
2
①/② => =
𝑥 2016 𝑦 2019 8
𝑥2 1
=
𝑦 2 16
𝑥 1
= ….③
𝑦 4
Also, in equation ① we have ½ on RHS and in equation ② we have 8

1 3
on the RHS, ( ) × 8 = 1
2
So we can try cubing equation ① and multiplying it to ②, RHS will be
1.
(𝑥 2018 𝑦 2017 )3 (𝑥 2016 𝑦 2019 )3 = 1
𝑥 8070 𝑦 8070 = 1
𝑥𝑦 = 1 …...④
Multiply ③ & ④
1
𝑥 = ,𝑦 = 2
2
1 33
𝑥 2 + 𝑦3 = +8=
4 4

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Q.16: While multiplying three real numbers, Ashok took one of the
numbers as 73 instead of 37. As a result, the product went up by
720. Then the minimum possible value of the sum of squares of
the other two numbers is
Ans: 40
Let the three numbers be a, b and c.

‘c’ was supposed to be 37 but Ashok took 73.
Instead of ab×37, Ashok did ab×73 which is 720 more.
ab × 73 − ab × 37 = 720
ab = 20
We wish to find minimum value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Use 𝐴𝑀 ≥ 𝐺𝑀
𝐴𝑀(𝑎2 , 𝑏 2 ) ≥ 𝐺𝑀(𝑎2 , 𝑏 2 )
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
≥ √𝑎 2 × 𝑏 2
2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
≥ 𝑎𝑏
2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ≥ 2𝑎𝑏 (put ab as 20)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ≥ 40
Minimum value is 40
Q.17: If 𝒖𝟐 + (𝒖 − 𝟐𝒗 − 𝟏)𝟐 = −𝟒𝒗(𝒖 + 𝒗), then what is the value of

𝒖 + 𝟑𝒗 ?
1. -1/4
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2. ½
3. 0
4. 1/4
𝑢2 + (𝑢 − 2𝑣 − 1)2 = −4𝑣(𝑢 + 𝑣)
𝑢2 + 4𝑣𝑢 + 4𝑣 2 + (𝑢 − 2𝑣 − 1)2 = 0
(𝑢 + 2𝑣)2 + (𝑢 − 2𝑣 − 1)2 = 0
Sum of two squares is zero, they can not be negative, so both of them
are zero.
𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 0 …①
and 𝑢 − 2𝑣 − 1 = 0 …②
1 1
Add ① & ② and get 𝑢 = , substitute value of 𝑢 & get 𝑣 = −
2 4
1 3 1
𝑢 + 3𝑣 = − =−
2 4 4
Q.18: John borrowed Rs. 2,10,000 from a bank at an interest rate of

10% per annum, compounded annually. The loan was repaid in
two equal instalments, the first after one year and the second
after another year. The first instalment was interest of one year
plus part of the principal amount, while the second was the rest
of the principal amount plus due interest thereon. Then each
instalment, in Rs., is
Ans: 121000
Let each installment be 𝑥 and amounts at the end of first and second
year be P1 and P2 respectively.
𝑟 10
P1 = P (1 + ) = 210000 (1 + ) = 21000 × 11
100 100

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Out of this amount, 𝑥 is paid as first installment, so principal for second
year becomes P1 − 𝑥
𝑟
P2 = (P1 − 𝑥 ) (1 + )
100
And this amount needs to be paid in total in the end as second

installment. And as the installments were equal P2 = 𝑥
10
𝑥 = (21000 × 11 − 𝑥 ) (1 + )
100
10𝑥 = 21000 × 121 − 11𝑥
𝑥 = 121000
Q.19: Points E, F, G, H lie on the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA, respectively,
of a square ABCD. If EFGH is also a square whose area is 62.5% of
that of ABCD and CG is longer than EB, then the ratio of length of
EB to that of CG is
1. 2:5
2. 4:9
3. 3:8
4. 1:3

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A 𝟏 E 𝒓 B
𝒓
𝟏
H
F
𝟏
𝒓
D 𝒓 G 𝟏 C
In this figure, we could have assumed EB as 𝑚 and CG as 𝑛, but then we

would have to calculate 𝑚/𝑛. By assuming EB as 𝑟 and CG as 1, the
ratio of EB and GC becomes r only thereby simplifying the calculation.
Hypotenuse GF of right triangle GCF = √𝑟 2 + 1
So area of square EFGH = 𝐺𝐹 2 = 𝑟 2 + 1
Area of square ABCD = (𝑟 + 1)2
ar(EFGH) = 62.5% of ar(ABCD)
1 5
62.5% = 12.5% × 5 = × 5 =
8 8
5
𝑟 2 + 1 = (𝑟 + 1)2
8
2
3𝑟 − 10𝑟 + 3 = 0
1
𝑟 = 3 𝑜𝑟
3

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1
As CG > EB, 𝑟 =
3
𝐸𝐵: 𝐶𝐺 = 1: 3
Q.20: If 𝒙 is a positive quantity such that 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐 , then 𝒙 is equal

to
1. log 5 9
3
2. 1 + log 5
5
3. log 5 8
5
4. 1 + log 3
3
Here we cannot directly equate powers as they are raised to

different bases. So, to get rid of powers, we can take log both the
sides. Also, we already have a log in base 5. So, we will take log to
the base 5 both the sides.
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟑𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐
Now we will use a property of logarithm

log 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏 log 𝑎
𝒙 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟑
Cancel 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐 from both LHS and RHS and we get
𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟑
This is not directly given in the options. We can reject options 1 and
3 and they are altogether different. Option 2 has more chances to be
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the answer as it has a logarithm in base 5, similar to what we have
got. So, let’s simplify option 2.
3
1 + log 5 = 1 + log 5 3 − log 5 5 = 1 + log 5 3 − 1 = log 5 3
5
𝑎
…using the properties log = log 𝑎 − log 𝑏 and log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1
𝑏
Q.21: Humans and robots can both perform a job but at different
efficiencies. Fifteen humans and five robots working together
take thirty days to finish the job, whereas five humans and fifteen
robots working together take sixty days to finish it. How many
days will fifteen humans working together (without any robot)
take to finish it?
1. 36
2. 40
3. 45
4. 32
Total days mentioned in the question are 30 and 60, their LCM is 60. So
let the total work be 60 units (we took the LCM as total work so as to
avoid fractions in calculation).
Work/day by human = h
Work/day by robot = r
15 humans and 5 robots take 30 days to do 60 units work. So, work

done per day = 60/30 = 2 units/day.
15h + 5r = 2 ….①

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5 humans and 15 robots take 60 days to do 60 units work. So, work
done per day = 60/60 = 1 unit/day
5h + 15r = 1 …..②
Solve ① & ② to get h = 1/8
Now, 15 humans are working alone.

Work done per day = 15h = 15×1/8 = 15/8 units
60
Time taken to finish 60 units of work = 15 = 32 days
⁄8
Q.22: Given an equilateral triangle T1 with side 24 cm, a second triangle

T2 is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of T1. Then a
third triangle T3 is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides
of T2. If this process of forming triangles is continued, the sum of
the areas, in sq cm, of infinitely many such triangles T1, T2, T3,...
will be
1. 164√3
2. 188√3
3. 248√3
4. 192√3
This is a direct question from our concept video.

On joining midpoints of an equilateral triangle, 4 small triangles of
equal area are formed.
So, if area of T1 = A
Area of T2 = A/4
A
Area of T3 = area of T2/4 = 2
4

gofodu
A
Area of T4 =
43
1
We will get an infinite GP with first term as A and common ratio as
4
√3 √3
A= × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 2 = × 242
4 4
𝑎 √3 1 √3 4
Sum of infinite GP = = × 242 × 1 = × 242 × = 192√3
1−𝑟 4 1−4 4 3
Q.23: Let 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 be three positive real numbers in a geometric

progression such that 𝒙 < 𝒚 < 𝒛. If 𝟓𝒙, 𝟏𝟔𝒚, and 𝟏𝟐𝒛 are in an
arithmetic progression then the common ratio of the geometric
progression is
5
1.
2
1
2.
6
3
3.
2
3
4.
6
𝑎
Let 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 𝑎 and 𝑧 = 𝑎𝑟
𝑟
5𝑥, 16𝑦 and 12𝑧 are in AP so
5𝑥 + 12𝑧
16𝑦 =
2
Substitute the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧

gofodu
5𝑎
+ 12𝑎𝑟
16𝑎 = 𝑟
2
12𝑟 2 − 32𝑟 + 5 = 0
5 1
𝑟 = 𝑜𝑟
2 6
5
𝑟 cannot be 1/6 as 𝑥 < 𝑦 < 𝑧, so 𝑟 =
2
Q.24: A wholesaler bought walnuts and peanuts, the price of walnut

per kg being thrice that of peanut per kg. He then sold 8 kg of
peanuts at a profit of 10% and 16 kg of walnuts at a profit of 20%
to a shopkeeper. However, the shopkeeper lost 5 kg of walnuts
and 3 kg of peanuts in transit. He then mixed the remaining nuts
and sold the mixture at Rs. 166 per kg, thus making an overall
profit of 25%. At what price, in Rs. per kg, did the wholesaler buy
the walnuts?
1. 84
2. 96
3. 86
4. 98
Peanuts Walnuts
CP to whole seller Rs 𝑥/kg Rs 3𝑥/kg
Total CP Rs 8𝑥 Rs 48𝑥
Profit 10% 20%
Total SP 88 6×48
Rs 𝑥 Rs 𝑥
10 5

gofodu
SP of whole seller = CP of shop keeper
88 6×48
Total CP (shop keeper) Rs 𝑥 Rs 𝑥
10 5
Quantity (shop keeper) 8 – 3 = 5 kg 16 – 5 = 11 kg
Overall CP (shop keeper) 88 6×48
Rs 𝑥 + 𝑥
10 5
88 6 × 48
CP/kg of mixture 𝑥 + 𝑥
10 5 …..①
5 + 11
SP/kg of mixture Rs 166/kg
Profit (shop keeper) 1
25% =
4
CP/kg in Rs 4
166 × …..②
5
Equating ① & ② 88 6 × 48
4 10 𝑥 + 𝑥
166 × = 5
5 5 + 11
 𝑥 = 32
CP/kg (walnut)
3𝑥 = 3 × 32 = 𝑅𝑠 96
whole seller
Q.25: Each of 74 students in a class studies at least one of the three

subjects H, E and P. Ten students study all three subjects, while
twenty study H and E, but not P. Every student who studies P also
studies H or E or both. If the number of students studying H equals
that studying E, then the number of students studying H is

gofodu
Ans: 52
H
20
10
P E
0
Every student who studies P also studies H or E or both. So there are no
students who study only P.
Let students studying H but not E be 𝑥 and students studying E but not
H be 𝑦.
Number of students studying H equals that studying E.
So, 𝑥 + 10 + 20 = 𝑦 + 10 + 20
𝑥=𝑦
Also, union of H and E will give total students i.e. 74 (as there are no
students studying only P).
So, 𝑥 + 10 + 20 + 𝑦 = 74
Put 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 22
Number of students studying H = 𝑥 + 10 + 20 = 52
Q.26: When they work alone, B needs 25% more time to finish a job
than A does. They two finish the job in 13 days in the following
manner: A works alone till half the job is done, then A and B work
together for four days, and finally B works alone to complete the

gofodu
remaining 5% of the job. In how many days can B alone finish the
entire job?
1. 22
2. 18
3. 20
4. 16
Let the total work be 100 units (when the total work is not mentioned
in the question, we can assume it to be any value to simplify
calculation. This concept is discussed in the concept video @gofodu).
B needs 25% more time than A

 TB = 5/4 TA
 Efficiency of B is 4/5th of that of A
Work done per day by A = 5𝑥 unit/day

Work done per day by B = 4𝑥 unit/day
Work done by both A and B in a day = 5𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 9𝑥 unit
Initially A works till half the job. So out of 100 units work, 50 units
remains.
Next, A and B work together for 4 days
So, work done by A and B in 4 days = 9𝑥 × 4 = 36𝑥 unit
Now total work remaining = 50 – 36𝑥 unit
In the end, B works alone to finish remaining 5% work.
This means that the remaining work is 5% of the total work (total work
is 100).
5
50 – 36𝑥 = × 100
100

gofodu
5
𝑥=
4
So, Rate of B i.e. work done per day by B = 4𝑥 = 5 unit.

100
So, time taken by B alone to finish 100 units work = = 20 days
5
Q.27: How many numbers with two or more digits can be formed with
the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, so that in every such number, each
digit is used at most once and the digits appear in the ascending
order?
Ans: 502
Let’s try to frame a two-digit number first.
Out of the 9 given digits, two digits can be selected in 9𝐶2 ways, and
there is only one way to arrange them i.e. in ascending order.
For eg. if we selected 3 and 7, then only two-digit number we can form
is 37. If we selected 3,6 and 8 then only 3 digit number we can form is
368.
So total two-digit numbers we can form = 9𝐶2
Similarly, total three-digit numbers we can form = 9𝐶3
Total number (from two-digit to nine-digit) that we can form =

9
𝐶2 + 9𝐶3 + 9𝐶4 + 9𝐶5 + 9𝐶6 + 9𝐶7 + 9𝐶8 + 9𝐶9
Also, we know that…

9
𝐶0 + 9𝐶1 + 9𝐶2 + 9𝐶3 + 9𝐶4 + 9𝐶5 + 9𝐶6 + 9𝐶7 + 9𝐶8 + 9𝐶9 = 29
9
𝐶2 + 9𝐶3 + 9𝐶4 + 9𝐶5 + 9𝐶6 + 9𝐶7 + 9𝐶8 + 9𝐶9 = 29 − ( 9𝐶0 + 9𝐶1 )

gofodu
= 29 − (10) = 512 − 10 = 502
Q.28 Raju and Lalitha originally had marbles in the ratio 4:9. Then
Lalitha gave some of her marbles to Raju. As a result, the ratio of the
number of marbles with Raju to that with Lalitha became 5:6. What
fraction of her original number of marbles was given by Lalitha to
Raju?
6
1.
19
7
2.
33
1
3.
5
1
4.
4
Method 1:
Old R:L = 4:9
On ratio scale1, Raju has 4 parts and Latha has 9 parts. Total = 13 parts
New R:L = 5:6
On ratio scale 2, total parts = 5+6 = 11
The total number of marbles are not changing, only Latha is giving a
few to Raju. So, if we make total parts same on both the scales, then
we can compare them.
Multiply old ratio by 11 and new ratio by 13.
Old R:L = 44:99
New R:L = 65:78
Now we can check. Out of 99 parts with Latha, she gives 21 to Raju.
Raju now has 44+21 = 65 and Latha now has 99 – 21 = 78 on ratio scale.
Now that we have brought them to same scale, we can find the ratio
asked.
Marbles given by Latha/Original she had = 21/99 = 7/33

gofodu
Method 2:
Let marbles with Raju = 4𝑥
Marbles with Lalitha = 9𝑥
Lalitha gives 𝑦 marbles to Raju, so
4𝑥+𝑦 5
= ….①
9𝑥−𝑦 6
𝑦
We have to find marbles given/original marble =
9𝑥
𝑦 21
Solve ① and get =
𝑥 11
𝑦 7
=
9𝑥 33
Q.29: In an examination, the maximum possible score is N while the

pass mark is 45% of N. A candidate obtains 36 marks, but falls
short of the pass mark by 68%. Which one of the following is then
correct?
1. 201 ≤ N ≤ 242.
2. N ≥ 253.
3. 243 ≤ N ≤ 252.
4. N ≤ 200.
Let’s try to understand this line: candidate obtains 36 marks, but falls
short of the pass mark (PM) by 68%.
36 marks are less than PM by 68% of PM. This means 36 is 32% of
the PM.
45
PM= 𝑁
100

gofodu
32 45
36= × ×𝑁
100 100
𝑁 = 250
Q.30: A tank is fitted with pipes, some filling it and the rest draining it.
All filling pipes fill at the same rate, and all draining pipes drain at
the same rate. The empty tank gets completely filled in 6 hours
when 6 filling and 5 draining pipes are on, but this time becomes
60 hours when 5 filling and 6 draining pipes are on. In how many
hours will the empty tank get completely filled when one draining
and two filling pipes are on?
Ans: 10
As we have 6 hrs and 60 hrs provided in the question, let’s assume that
total work required in filling up the tank is LCM of 6 and 60 i.e. 60 units.
(we have taken LCM so as to avoid fractional values in further
calculation).
Let the rate of filling be f/hr and rate of draining be d/hr.
Case1: 6 filling and 5 draining pipes work for 6 hrs to finish 60 units of
work
Work/hr by 6 filling pipes = 6f

Work/hr by 6 draining pipes = -5d (negative work is done by them)
Net work/hr = 6f – 5d
Net work done in 6 hr = (6f – 5d)×6, which is equal to the total work
required in filling the tank which is 60 units.
(6f – 5d)×6 = 60 …..①

gofodu
Case2: (5f – 6d)×60 = 60 …..②
On solving equation ① & ②, we get f = 5 and d = 4.

When 1 draining and 2 filling pipes are on,
Work/hr = 2f – d = 2×5 – 4 = 6 units
Total work = 60 units
Time taken to finish total work = 60/6 = 10 hrs
Q.31: In a circle with center O and radius 1 cm, an arc AB makes an

angle 60 degrees at O. Let R be the region bounded by the radii
OA, OB and the arc AB. If C and D are two points on OA and OB,
respectively, such that OC = OD and the area of triangle OCD is
half that of R, then the length of OC, in cm, is
𝟏
𝝅 𝟐
1. ( )
𝟔
1
𝜋 2
2. ( )
4√3
1
𝜋 2
3. ( )
3√3
1
𝜋 2
4. ( )
4
O
60°
C D
A B
Let OC = OD = 𝑥

gofodu
1
ar(∆COD)= × OC × OD × sin 60
2
√3𝑥 2
=
4
𝜃 60 𝜋
ar(sector OAB) = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋12 =
360 360 6
1
ar(∆COD) = ar(sector OAB)
2
√3𝑥 2 1 𝜋
= ×
4 2 6
𝜋
𝑥=√
3√3
Q.32: Let ABCD be a rectangle inscribed in a circle of radius 13 cm.

Which one of the following pairs can represent, in cm, the
possible length and breadth of ABCD?
1. 25, 10
2. 24, 12
3. 25, 9
4. 24, 10
26

gofodu
In the shaded right-triangle, hypotenuse (diameter) is 26. So the other
two sides from the given options will be 24 and 10 so as to form a
Pythagorean triplet.
Q.33: In an apartment complex, the number of people aged 51 years

and above is 30 and there are at most 39 people whose ages are
below 51 years. The average age of all the people in the apartment
complex is 38 years. What is the largest possible average age, in
years, of the people whose ages are below 51 years?
1. 27
2. 25
3. 26
4. 28
We can see two groups of people here. Applying the weighted average
formula we get:
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙
(39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 51𝑦𝑟𝑠 × 𝑎𝑣𝑔. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑝𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 51𝑦𝑟𝑠) + (30 𝑝𝑝𝑙 51𝑦𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 × 𝑎𝑣𝑔 . 𝑜𝑓 30 𝑝𝑝𝑙)
=
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 + 30 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒
Let max. 𝑎𝑣𝑔. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑝𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 51𝑦𝑟𝑠 = 𝑥 and overall average is given as 38.
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙 × 𝑥 + 30 × 𝑎𝑣𝑔. 𝑜𝑓 30𝑝𝑝𝑙

38 =
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙 + 30
38 × (39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 + 30) − 30 × 𝑎𝑣𝑔. 𝑜𝑓 30𝑝𝑝𝑙

𝑥=
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙

gofodu
38 × 30 − 30 × 𝑎𝑣𝑔. 𝑜𝑓 30𝑝𝑝𝑙
= 38 +
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙
To maximize 𝑥, avg. of 30 ppl, as it is getting subtracted, it should be
minimum. All 30 ppl are 51 years or more, so minimum average age will
be 51 only.
38 × 30 − 30 × 51 390
𝑥 = 38 + = 38 −
39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙 39 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑙
Now to maximize 𝑥, 39 or less ppl should be at their maximum, so we

will keep them as 39.
390
𝑥 = 38 − = 28
39
Here we solved this question using weighted average formula. The
same could be solved using logics only. We will see that in concept
videos @gofodu.com.
Q.34: In a parallelogram ABCD of area 72 sq cm, the sides CD and AD

have lengths 9 cm and 16 cm, respectively. Let P be a point on CD
such that AP is perpendicular to CD. Then the area, in sq cm, of
triangle APD is
1. 24√3
2. 12√3
3. 32√3
4. 18√3

gofodu
A B
16
D P 9 C
ar(parallelogram ABCD) = 2× ar(∆CAD)

ar(∆CAD) = 72/2 = 36
1
CD × AP = 36
2
AP = 8
In right ∆APD, AP is 8, hypotenuse AD is 16.
PD = √AD2 − PD2 = √192

1 1
ar(∆APD)= × PD × AP = × √192 × 8 = 32√3
2 2

gofodu
Note: If you have come this far, that suggests that you liked our
explanations. Do show the same by liking our facebook page at
www.facebook.com/gofodu and subscribing to our youtube channel at
www.youtube.com/gofodu. We post CAT related concept videos and
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CAT 18 Solutions - Morning Slot - QA Section

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CAT 18 Solutions - Morning Slot - QA Section

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Q.1: If 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 (𝟓 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝒂) = 𝟑 and 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 (𝟒𝒂 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒃) = 𝟑, then

log 5 (4𝑎 + 12 + log 2 𝑏) = 3

Q.2: Train T leaves station X for station Y at 3 pm. Train S, traveling at

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

Important thing to note here is the variable values. Instead of taking XY

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒𝟑

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖

Let CP of tea A and tea B be CA and CB respectively and CP of mixture

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In mixture M1, ratio is 3:2.

10×40 3𝐶𝐴 +2𝐶𝐵

In mixture M2, ratio is 2:3

20×40 2𝐶𝐴 +3𝐶𝐵

Divide ① by ② and get

Q.5: The number of integers x such that 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝟐𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎, and

Values that 𝑥 can take = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Values 2𝑥 can take = 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 16, 32, 64, 128

Values 2𝑥 + 2 can take = 2.25, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 18, 34, 66, 130

Out of these values, only 3, 4, 6, 18 and 66 are divisible by either 3 or 4

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

Q.6: Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒊𝒏{𝟐𝒙𝟐 , 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙}, where 𝒙 is any positive real

To find the x coordinate of point of intersection of two graph, equate

𝑥 is given as positive real number, so 𝑥 = 4

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

When first 10 tests are not considered,

Question says, average increases by 1 if the first 10 tests are not

When last 10 tests are not considered,

Question says, average decreases by 1 if the last 10 tests are not

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

Selling Price = 264 & Profit = 10%

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

For CB to be maximum, VB should be maximum, i.e. 5 𝑙𝑡.

Let speed of Partha be VP and speed of Narayan be VN

Subtract ② from ① and get VP = 5

Q.11: In a circle, two parallel chords on the same side of a diameter

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

f(x+2) = f(x) + f(x+1)

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 f(15) = 3f(10) + 5f(15)

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Pizza ∩ Burger = Pizza + Burger – (Pizza ∪ Burger) = 105+134 – 200 = 39

Our answer should be between 29 and 95.

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𝑥 2016 𝑦 2019 = 8 …….②

Also, in equation ① we have ½ on RHS and in equation ② we have 8

(𝑥 2018 𝑦 2017 )3 (𝑥 2016 𝑦 2019 )3 = 1

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com

Let the three numbers be a, b and c.

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ≥ 2𝑎𝑏 (put ab as 20)

Q.17: If 𝒖𝟐 + (𝒖 − 𝟐𝒗 − 𝟏)𝟐 = −𝟒𝒗(𝒖 + 𝒗), then what is the value of

Q.18: John borrowed Rs. 2,10,000 from a bank at an interest rate of

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And this amount needs to be paid in total in the end as second

10𝑥 = 21000 × 121 − 11𝑥

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In this figure, we could have assumed EB as 𝑚 and CG as 𝑛, but then we

Hypotenuse GF of right triangle GCF = √𝑟 2 + 1

So area of square EFGH = 𝐺𝐹 2 = 𝑟 2 + 1

Area of square ABCD = (𝑟 + 1)2

ar(EFGH) = 62.5% of ar(ABCD)

Video solutions to be included in CAT – 2019 course at www.gofodu.com