ED1113 INTRODUCTION TO ICT 32013974, ANTHONY COVINO

Americal American Psychological Association Style Sample

Anthony Covino

University of Notre Dame, Fremantle

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 3

Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 3

Examples ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Format ............................................................................................................................................ 4

Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 5

References ......................................................................................................................................... 6

Assignment 2, Essay Styles and RefWorks 2

ED1113 INTRODUCTION TO ICT 32013974, ANTHONY COVINO

AMERICAL AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL

ASSOCIATION STYLE SAMPLE

INTRODUCTION

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in the

social science disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA),

and shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses

the APA in detail.

DISCUSSION

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than

indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date

of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the

citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name

is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in parentheses directly

after the name. If the name is not mentioned include the author's name and date in

parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if you use a direct quote, place the

page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

EXAMPLES

Note the difference between the following three examples: Terrence (1999) has

presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However, it has been pointed out

that the research was conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong & Porter,

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1998). All of the interviewees have been called “exceptions to the norm” (Strong &

Porter, 1998, p. 5).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the

second example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third

example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does

not identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified within the

sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be followed by the year of

publication and only the page numbers would be in the parentheses at the end of the

quote.

FORMAT

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA

calls the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA

Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name rather

than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's name

in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks. The lists

are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and the

first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in

(approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with referencing is

Notre Dame’s referencing guide at http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-

3040351. There is also a summary downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style, you include a

reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA, 2017). A reference

list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper whereas a bibliography may

Assignment 2, Essay Styles and RefWorks 4

ED1113 INTRODUCTION TO ICT 32013974, ANTHONY COVINO

include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated

description of each one.

SUMMARY

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA

6th referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and

the reference list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your essay

complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

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 REFERENCES

APA. (2017) Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved from

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Med,

10(12), e1001574.

Manar, H., & Shameem, F. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and

plagiarism: University case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(8), 748-

757.

doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L., Porter, M. (1998), Grammatical Combinations. In S. Parker & K.

Gibson (Eds.), Language and Literacy (p 540-578) Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Terrence, H. S. (2007, November 1). Student Success in Community Colleges. The

West Australian, p. 6-7

Assignment 2, Essay Styles and RefWorks 6