Rectificacion Monofásico Onda Completa

UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE
TOPIC: AC/DC CONVERTERS

Diego Gómez 42141057 – Alejandro Muñoz 42141044
LAB: SINGLE-PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R_C LOAD
1. OBJECTIVES
Design a single-phase full-wave rectifier to feed a resistive load, and check the results
obtained by using the "OrCAD" simulator.
1.1 SPECIFICS OBJECTIVES
 Check the characteristics of FF, FR, TUF and performance of a rectifier.

 Determine the apparent power of the transformer to be used.
 Check the ripple value on the load by placing a filter on the rectifier outlet.
 Select the diodes according to their electrical characteristics by referring to
the technical data sheet of the manufacturer.

2. THEORETICAL MARK
A full-wave rectifier converts the entire input waveform into a constant (positive or negative)
polarity at the output, by reversing the negative (or positive) portions of the input waveform. The
positive (or negative) portions are combined with the inverses of negatives (positive) to produce a
partially positive (negative) waveform.
The full-wave rectifier is a circuit used to take advantage of both alternating current semicycles
and to obtain direct current as an ideal result (positive and negative) although the result appears to
be the same as in the half-wave rectifier, in this Case the intensity levels are higher and the voltage
drop is lower when a load is applied to the system. There are two alternatives, either using two
diodes or using four (Graetz bridge).
Figure 1 Circuito rectificador monofásico de onda completa

Figure 2 Forma de onda del circuito rectificador de onda completa
OPERATION MODEL AND CALCULATIONS

Given a resistive load that a medium voltage of 108V needs for its operation and its power is 100w,
perform the design of a complete wave rectifier such as Figure 1 to feed the load.
To know the values of the elements to be used in the circuit are carried out the respective
calculations that are shown below:Se halló el voltaje máx.: teniendo en cuenta que Vdc= 108 V
2 ∗ 𝑣𝑝
𝑉𝑑𝑐:
𝜋
108 𝑣 ∗ 𝜋
𝑉𝑝 = = 169.6460 𝑣
2
With the known parameter of the power, the current is found, after that the resistance to use in the
proposed circuit is found.
P= 100W
V= 108 V
𝑃
𝐼=
𝑉
100 𝑊
𝐼= = 0.925925 𝐴
108 𝑉
𝑉
𝑅𝑙 =
𝐼
108 𝑉
𝑅𝑙 = = 116.636 Ω
0.925925 A
Once the calculations are obtained the values of the circuit and the design is made in OrCAD.
Figure 3 Rectificador de onda completa
With these values the calculations of the voltages are carried out:
𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 169.6460
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑠 − 𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = = 119.958 𝑣
√2 √2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑐 − 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 108 𝑉

𝑉𝑝 𝑣𝑝
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑐 − 𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = = 119.9578 𝑣
2 √2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑐 –AC = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √𝑉𝑎𝑐 2 + 𝑉𝑑𝑐 2

𝑉𝑎𝑐 = √𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 2
𝑉𝑎𝑐 = √119.48 2 − 1082
𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 52.1919𝑉
169.6460 𝑣
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑐 − 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 𝐼 = = 1.4544 𝐴
116.6401 Ω
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 108𝑉
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑐 − 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝐼𝑐 = = = 0.925958 𝐴
𝑅𝑙 116.636Ω
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 119.9578 𝑣
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐼𝑐 − 𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝐼𝑐 = = = 1.0284 𝐴
𝑅𝑙 116.6 Ω
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 119.9578 𝑉
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = 1.11
𝑉𝑑𝑐 108 𝑉
𝑉𝑎𝑐 52.1919 𝑉
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 = = = 0.48
𝑉𝑑𝑐 108 𝑉
𝑉𝑑𝑐 2 108 𝑉 2
𝐷𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = = = 100.03 𝑊
𝑅𝑙 116.636 Ω
𝑅𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑃𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 119.9578 𝑣 ∗ 1.0284 𝐴 = 123.37 𝑤
𝑃𝑑𝑐 100 𝑊
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝜂 = = = 0.8058 ≈ 80.58 %
𝑃𝑟𝑚𝑠 123.37 𝑊
𝑃𝑑𝑐 100.03 𝑊
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑇𝑈𝐹) = = = 0.4053
2 𝑉𝑠 ∗ 𝐼𝑠 123.37 𝑊
100,03 𝑊
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 = = 123.36 𝑊
0.405
2. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Once the simulations have been carried out and the values requested are measured, they can be
observed in tables 1 and 2.
With resistive load Calculated Values taken in the

values simulator
Voltage Vs – rms 119.9578 118.06
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - peak 169.64 167.51
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - average 108 103.50
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - rms 119.95 115.46
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - ac 52.1919 51.35
Current 𝑖𝑐 - peak 1.4544 1.42
Current 𝑖𝑐 - average 0.9259 0.888
Current 𝑖𝑐 - rms 1.0284 0.9973
Table 1 Valores calculados y medidos
Table 1 shows the voltage and current values when there is only a resistive load.
With resistive load Calculated Values taken in
values the simulator
Form factor 1.11 1.11
Curly factor 0.48 0.49
DC power in the load 100.03 93.27
RMS power in the load 123.37 115.97
Rectifier performance 0.8058 0.8042
Transformer utilization 0.4053 0.3960

factor
Table 2 Valores calculados y medidos
En la Table 2 se observan los valores de factor de forma, rizado, de utilización del transformador
y potencias.
Calculation of Errors
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 − 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 𝑋 100
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
Valor Teórico Valor experimental Error %

Voltage Vs – rms 119.9578 118.06 1.58
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - peak 169.64 167.51 1.25
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - average 108 103.50 4.16
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - rms 119.95 115.46 3.74
Voltage 𝑣𝑐 - ac 52.1919 51.35 1.60
Current 𝑖𝑐 - peak 1.4544 1.42 2.33
Current 𝑖𝑐 - average 0.9259 0.888 4.09
Current 𝑖𝑐 - rms 1.0284 0.9973 3.02
Form factor 1.11 1.11 0
Curly factor 0.48 0.49 2.0
DC power in the load 100.03 93.27 6.7
RMS power in the 123.37 115.97 5.9
load
Rectifier performance 0.8058 0.8042 0.19
Transformer 0.4053 0.3960 2.29
utilization factor
Table 3 ERRORS TABLE
Table 3 shows the calculation of errors, taking into account the theoretically obtained values and
the data obtained experimentally.
A condenser was subsequently placed in parallel to the load, allowing a ripple voltage of 10% of
the maximum load voltage, and with the simulator the output waveform was measured, and the
peak-to-peak value of curly was determined and the value of the average voltage Vcc.
𝐼𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜
𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜 = ; 𝐼𝑐𝑐 = ; 𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 𝑉𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑜 −
𝑓∗𝐶 𝑅𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 2
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒.
𝑉𝑟 = −10%𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑟 = 169.64 𝑉 ∗ 0.10 = 16.96 𝑉
𝑉𝑟
𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 𝑉𝑝 −
2
16.96 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 169.64 𝑉 − = 161.16 𝑉
2
𝑉𝑐𝑐
𝐼𝑐𝑐 =
𝑅
161.16 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑐 = = 1.381717𝐴
116.636 Ω
𝐼𝑐𝑐
𝑉𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑦 =
𝑓∗𝐶
1.381717 𝐴
𝐶= = 1.3574 mF
60𝐻𝑧 ∗ 16.96 𝑉
With C1 Calculated Values taken in the Error %

values simulator
Vcc 161.16 162.46 0.8
Vcurly-pp 6 6.88 14.6
Table 4 Resultados capacitor normal
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒.
1.381717 𝐴
𝐶= = 1.3574 𝑚𝐹 ∗ 2
16.96 𝑉 ∗ 60
𝐶 = 2.7148 𝑚𝐹
𝐼𝑐𝑐
𝑉𝑟 =
𝑓∗𝐶
1.381717𝐴
𝑉𝑟 = = 8.4826 𝑉
60 ∗ 2.7148 𝑚𝐹
Con 2C1 Valores calculados Valores tomados en el Error %

simulador
Vcc 165.397 163.17 1.34
Vrizado-pp 3 3.7803 26
Table 5 Resultados capacitor duplicated
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS:
From the data obtained both theoretically and experimentally, you can see variations among
themselves, ie there are cases where the calculation of errors is low and another where it is high.
In this case the rectifier was designed by means of four diodes instead of using a transformer with
central bypass, are observed in the simulations of the annex, that during the positive half cycle of
the input voltage, the current will be supplied to the load through The diodes D1 and D2, during
the negative semicycle, the diodes D3y D4, are the ones that lead.
The data obtained in the simulations are correctly adjusted to the data obtained theoretically, thus
proving that experimentally the practice can be carried out and the desired results can be obtained.
When observing the factors of curling, of form, of use of the transformer, it can be detailed that
they are suitable for the use of the rectifier in industrial applications and that compared with the
rectifier of half wave is much more efficient and useful for works of Largest.
CONCLUSIONS
• The full-wave rectifier has a performance of 80.58% compared to 40% of the average
wave is much more efficient to operate.
• It is observed that the ripple factor of the full wave rectifier is 48% and the ripple
factor of the mean wave is 121% therefore the complete wave rectifier is used in the
industry for robust controls.
• It is concluded that by increasing the capacitor's value it will decrease ripple factor.
• When performing the full wave rectifier with a diode bridge, stress is reduced in the
elements such as the diode and the transformer, i.e. it distributes the current and there
will be fewer effects on the diodes mainly.
Technical Data Sheets
1N5404- 1N5408
ANNEXES
SIMULATIONS OBTAINED WITH RESISTIVE LOAD:
Figure 4 TENSION VS EFICAZ

Figure 5 VOLTAJE Vc PICO
Figure 6 VOLTAJE Vc MEDIO

Figure 7 VOLTAJE Vc EFICAZ

Figure 8 VOLTAJE Vc AC
Figure 9 CORRIENTE Ic PICO

Figure 10 CORRIENTE Ic MEDIA
Figure 11 CORRIENTE Ic EFICAZ

Figure 12 FACTOR DE FORMA
Figure 13 POTENCIA DC EN LA CARGA

Figure 14 POTENCIA RMS EN LA CARGA
THE FOLLOWING SIMULATIONS ARE OBTAINED WITH THE CAPACITOR IN

PARALLEL:
Figure 15 VCC del capacitor

Figure 16 Vpp Rizo

Figura 17 Vcc Capacitor duplicated
Figura 18 Vpp rizo Capacitor duplicated

Rectificacion Monofásico Onda Completa

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UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE

TOPIC: AC/DC CONVERTERS

LAB: SINGLE-PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R_C LOAD

1.1 SPECIFICS OBJECTIVES

 Check the characteristics of FF, FR, TUF and performance of a rectifier.

Figure 1 Circuito rectificador monofásico de onda completa

Figure 2 Forma de onda del circuito rectificador de onda completa

OPERATION MODEL AND CALCULATIONS

Figure 3 Rectificador de onda completa

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑐 − 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 108 𝑉

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑐 –AC = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √𝑉𝑎𝑐 2 + 𝑉𝑑𝑐 2

𝑅𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑃𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 119.9578 𝑣 ∗ 1.0284 𝐴 = 123.37 𝑤

2. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

With resistive load Calculated Values taken in the

Transformer utilization 0.4053 0.3960

𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 − 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙

Valor Teórico Valor experimental Error %

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒.

With C1 Calculated Values taken in the Error %

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒.

Con 2C1 Valores calculados Valores tomados en el Error %

Technical Data Sheets

SIMULATIONS OBTAINED WITH RESISTIVE LOAD:

Figure 4 TENSION VS EFICAZ

Figure 5 VOLTAJE Vc PICO

Figure 6 VOLTAJE Vc MEDIO

Figure 7 VOLTAJE Vc EFICAZ

Figure 9 CORRIENTE Ic PICO

Figure 10 CORRIENTE Ic MEDIA

Figure 11 CORRIENTE Ic EFICAZ

Figure 12 FACTOR DE FORMA

Figure 13 POTENCIA DC EN LA CARGA

Figure 14 POTENCIA RMS EN LA CARGA

THE FOLLOWING SIMULATIONS ARE OBTAINED WITH THE CAPACITOR IN

Figure 15 VCC del capacitor

Figure 16 Vpp Rizo

Figura 18 Vpp rizo Capacitor duplicated

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