Smart System to Reduce Death Casualty involving

Road Accident
1
Jai Utkarsh, 2 Prasun Anand, 3 Nishant Mishra, 4 Vijay Nath
1, 2, 3, 4
VLSI Design Group, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
1
jaiutkarsh02@gmail.com, 2prasundps@gmail.com, 3mnishant2@gmail.com, 4vijaynath@bitmesra.ac.in

Abstract— A new smart and intelligent system to reduce the

number of casualties involving road accidents has been presented
in this manuscript. This system consists of a transmitter module to
be installed in the vehicle itself and a receiver module at the base
station connected to a high speed network. The data obtained from COLLISION DAC AMPLIFIER
DETECTOR
the receiver module is further processed to obtain the location of TRANSMITTER
collision and make necessary medical facilities available ANTENNA

Keywords— smart system; road safety; collision detector; Fig.1. Transmitter Module
embedded system; inverted F antenna

I. INTRODUCTION Collision detector can be existing airbag crash sensors

The official statistics of Transportation Research and Injury
Prevention Programme (TRIPP) states that 141,526 persons
were killed and 477,731 injured attributing to road traffic
crashes in India in 2014. However, the actual count may be even
higher. This worsening situation and an even increasing rate of
road traffic injuries may be partly due to increasing number of
vehicles on road. But, the inherent absence of measures further
promote the casualties [1]. Globally, the death stats reach
approximately 1.3 million [2].
Usually the time taken between accidents and reporting to
the authorities is very long. Also, the location of the accident
given by the viewer can be vague. These all further delay the
requisite help from reaching the accident victims [3]. Linkage
among all emergency services is the most vital requirement to
avoid major casualties even in the worst of scenarios [4].
In this manuscript, a new smart and intelligent system has
been proposed to reduce the number of death casualties involved
in a road accident. The main focus of this system is to develop a
fast and reliable network of reporting accidents to the hospitals
so as to reduce the number of deaths.
present in cars. These crash sensors can detect frontal and
sideways collision. These crash detectors generate a signal
indicating that an accident has occurred. Motorcycles used
multiple accelerometers installed in them. The signal received
from the accelerometer is processed using its crash detection
algorithm to judge whether an accident has occurred [5].
The signal obtained from the collision detector is then fed to
a Digital to Analog Convertor (DAC) and further amplified
using an amplifier. This amplified analog signal is then fed to
an antenna for transmission.
A Microstrip Inverted F Antenna is used for transmission.
This is because of its donut shaped radiation pattern allowing it
radiate in all direction. In ideal case, it can be visualized as an
omnidirectional antenna. An Inverted F Antenna is shown in
Fig.2. The 3D radiation pattern of an inverted F antenna is
shown in Fig.3.
L
H Feed (Source)

This paper is divided into three sections. Section II describes

the proposed smart system along with its working details.
Section III gives the overall conclusion of the work.
Shorting Pin

II. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system consists of a transmitter module to be Ground Plane
installed in the vehicle itself. The suggested transmitter module
has been shown in Fig.1. It consists of a collision detector,
DAC, amplifier and a transmitting antenna.
Fig.2. Inverted F Antenna

Fig.3. Radiation Pattern of Inverted F Antenna [6]
The receiver module can be placed at various base station
whose locations are known beforehand. It consists of a
receiving antenna which is again a Microstrip Inverted F
Antenna. The signal received by this antenna is received by a
PC (Personnel Computer) that is connected to a high speed
network. The receiver module has been shown in Fig.4.
PC
RECEIVER ANTENNA TO HIGH SPEED NETWORK
Fig.4. Receiver Module
Now, the biggest challenge is to correctly determine the
location of the transmitting antenna to know the accurate
location of the accident. For this, it is assumed that the gain of
the transmitting antenna is Gt and the gain of the receiving
antenna is Gr. Also, the power transmitted by the transmitter
antenna is known beforehand and is denoted as Pt. The received
power, Pr, by the receiver antenna is obtained practically. The
relation between Pr and Pt is given by eq-1.
𝑃𝑟 𝐺𝑟 𝐺𝑡 𝜆2
= − − − − − − − − − (1)
𝑃𝑡 (4𝜋𝑟)2
The omnidirectional transmitter antenna transmit the signal
post-accident in all directions. The transmitted signal is picked
up by multiple base stations out of which we select the three
base stations receiving the maximum Pr. The distance of the
transmitting antenna is calculated from the three base stations
using eq-1. Suppose the distance obtained from base station 1
is r1. Similarly the distance from base station 2 and 3 are r2 and
r3 respectively.
From the above obtained values of distance, we conclude
the location of accident lies on a circle of radius r1 with base
station 1 as the center, namely C1. Similarly, the point of
accident is found to lie on circle, C2, with base station 2 as
center and radius r2 and on a circle, C3, having radius r3 and
center as base station 3. The exact location of the point of
accident, given by O, is obtained as the point of concurrency of
three circles, C1, C2, and C3. This is shown in Fig.5.
Fig.5. Determining Location of Accident
Now, the location obtained at the base station to the hospital
nearest to the location of accident to ensure timely arrival of
medical facilities to the injured. This information can also be
conveyed to the local authorities. This can help reduce the
number of deaths involving road accidents.
III. CONCLUSION
With the implementation of this new system, there will be
better and faster transfer of information regarding occurrence
of accidents to the authorities and hospitals. This will insure
availability of vital medical attention to those sustaining life
threatening injuries and can eventually help to save lives.
REFERENCES
[1] Dinesh Mohan, Geetam Tiwari and Kavi Bhalla, “Road Safety in India
Status Report”.
[2] Association for Safe International Road Travel, Road Crash Statistics,
2013.
[3] Kim Nee Goh, Jafreezal Jaafar, Emy Elyanee Mustapha and Eddy Tik
Earn Goh, “ Automatic Accident Location Detection System (AALDS)”.
[4] Research Report on JNU-NIDM Colaberative Programme on Disaster
Research by Miranda House, “ Neighbourhood Mapping- Assessment of
Disaster Risk and Vulnerability”.
[5] Yuki Kobayashi, Takumi Makabe, “Crash Detection Method for
Motocycle Airbag System with Sensors on the Front Fork”.
[6] WIPL-D, “Mobile Phone in Vicinity of Human Head- SAR Calculation”.