TRANSMISSION LOSS MINIMIZATION USING AVAILABLE

TRANSFER CAPACITY
Report submitted to
National Institute of Technology,
Jamshedpur

for the award of the degree

of

Bachelor of Technology (Hons.)

in

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

by

SAMARJEET GHOSH (2014UGEE066)

SOURABH KUMAR (2014UGEE082)

SUSHANT DEY (2014UGEE086)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR

May, 2018

i
 DECLARATION

I certify that

a. the work contained in this report is original and has been done by me under the
guidance of my supervisor(s).
b. the work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
c. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.
d. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of
the Institute.
e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from other
sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report and
giving their details in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the
copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary.

Signature of the Student

ii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the 8th semester major project entitled “TRANSMISSION LOSS
MINIMIZATION USING AVAILABLE TRANSFER CAPABILITY” submitted by group
of students “SAMARJEET GHOSH (2014UGEE066), SOURABH KUMAR
(2014UGEE082), SUSHANT DEY (2014UGEE086)” Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India, is a bonafide
record of a project work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance and is worthy
of consideration for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Technology (Hons.) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the Institute.

DR. Sanjay Kumar DR. R. N. Mahanty

Assistant Professor Head of Department

Department of Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering
National Institute of Technology, National Institute of Technology,

Jamshedpur Jamshedpur

Date:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to articulate our sincere gratitude to our project guide DR. Sanjay Kumar, who
has always been source of motivation and firm support for carrying out the project.

We express our gratitude to DR. R. N. Mahanty, Professor and Head of Department of

Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his invaluable suggestions and constant
encouragement all through the thesis work.

We would like to convey our sincerest gratitude and indebtedness to all other faculty members
and staff of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Jamshedpur, who bestowed their great effort and guidance at appropriate times
without which it would have been very difficult on our project work.

An assemblage to this nature could never have been attempted with our reference to and
inspirations from the works of others whose details are mentioned in references section. We
acknowledge our indebtedness to all of them. Further, we would like to express our feelings
towards our parents and god who directly and indirectly encouraged and motivated us during
this dissertation.

SAMARJEET GHOSH (2014UGEE066)

SOURABH KUMAR (2014UGEE082)

SUSHANT DEY (2014UGEE086)

iv
 ABSTRACT

Reactive power flow in a power system is optimized by real power loss minimization and it
is essential for secured operation of power systems with regard to voltage stability and it also
improves the economics of power system operation. Generator bus voltage magnitude,
transformer tap settings and SVC controllers are the control variables for reactive power flow
optimization.

In this project, the nature inspired gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is introduced to solve
a multi constrained optimal reactive power flow problem in power systems. The ORPD
problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained single-objective optimization problem
where the real power loss and the bus voltage deviations are to be minimized separately.

The algorithm is a recent development in the area of nature inspired algorithms for global
optimization. The performance of the GSA based algorithm is tested on standard IEEE 30 bus
test system and the results are compared with unoptimized system to prove the effectiveness
of the new algorithm. The results are quite encouraging and the algorithm is found to be
suitable for power system operation optimization.

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 CONTENTS
1. Title page i
2. Declaration ii
3. Certificate iii
4. Abstract iv
5. Contents v
6. Introduction 1-2
7. Major Transmission losses 3
8. IEEE 30 bus system 4
9. Newton-Raphson load flow solution 5-6
10. Problem formulation 7-8
11. GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM 9-13
a. Overview
b. Implementation of GSA to the OPF problem
c. Flowchart
12. PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM 14-18
a. Overview
b. Implementation of PSO to the OPF problem
c. Algorithm
d. Flowchart
13. Before optimization
a. Newton Rhapson Load Flow Solution 19-20
b. Active power loss calculation 21-22
14. After optimization (using GSA)
a. Newton Rhapson Load Flow Solution 23-24
b. Active power loss calculation 25-26
15. After optimization (using PSO)
a. Newton Rhapson Load Flow Solution 27-28
b. Active power loss calculation 29-30
16. Comparison between initial and optimal value of various parameters 31
17. Improvement in voltage profile after optimization 32
18. Conclusion 33
19. References

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