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Fire Hydrant System

February 2018, Kalidasan S

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Overview of Fire Protection

Today most of the equipment's used in offices, Industries and at home are highly sophisticated and
high-end equipment's. Every workplace has mission critical areas that need to be protected from fire
hazard not only to save life and property but also to ensure that the enterprise does not come to a
stand still.

The most common fuels in fire and explosion incidents are petroleum products, cellulose materials
(wood, paper, cloth) and polymers.

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The Combustion Process

The combustion process will continue as long as the conditions or a chemical reaction exist

Extinguishment can be achieved by removal of any 1 or more elements:


Heat, Fuel or Oxygen

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Type of Fire Protection Systems

Fire
Protection System

Water Gas
Based System Based Systems

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Water based Systems

Water Based Systems

Yard
Wet Riser Sprinkler Spray Foam
Hydrant
System System System System
System

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STANDARDS/CODES FOLLOWED FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

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HAND HELD EXTINGUISHERS

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Types of Fires & Media

Suitable Media

Water

Foam

Gas

DCP

Wet Chemical
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TYPE OF EXTINGUISHERS TO BE USED

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TYPE OF EXTINGUISHERS TO BE USED

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EXTINGUISHER OPERATION

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EXTINGUIHSER OPERATION

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EXTINGUIHSER OPERATION

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SIGNAGE FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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EXTINGUISHER IMAGES

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EXTINGUISHER IMAGES

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FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

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HYDRANT SYSTEM

Network of piping installed underground or overhead around various facilities with


hydrant stand posts fitted with landing valves at regular intervals or at distances from
the protected risks according to the occupancies.

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HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

PUMPS

Jockey pump
Electrical pump
Diesel Pump

Heavy or Medium Grade


MS or GI PIPES

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HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

HYDRANT VALVES

HOSE BOXES

HOSES

NOZZLES & BRANCH PIPES

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HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

FIRE BRIGADE INLET

ISOLATION VALVES

AIR RELEASE VALVE

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HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

WATER MONITOR FOAM MONITOR

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HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

WRAPPING & COATING


(Under Ground PIPES

PEDESTAL
(Above Ground PIPES)

UNDER GROUND
VALVE CHAMBER

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FIRE PUMP ROOM

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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM

PUDDLE FLANGES

SUCTION SIDE VALVES

Y-STRAINER

JOCKEY PUMP TO
MAINATAIN LINE PRESSEURE

ELECTRICAL PUMPS
FOR HYDRANT & SPRINKLERS

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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM

DIESEL ENGINE PUMP FOR


SPRINKLER & HYDRANTS

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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM

NON RETURN VALVE


DELIVERY SIDE
ISOLATION VALVES
TEST ARRAY LINE
PRESSURE GUAGE
PRESSURE SWITCH

FLOW METER

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PUMP MCC PANELS

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OPERATING PRESSURE

PUMPS PRESSURE (KG/ SQ.CM)

JOCKEY 8 KG/ SQ.CM

ELECRICAL 5 KG/ SQ.CM

DIESEL 4 KG/ SQ.CM

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PUMPS OPERATION

PUMPS ON OFF

JOCKEY AUTO AUTO

ELECRICAL AUTO MANUAL

DIESEL AUTO MANUAL

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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT

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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - POSITIVE SUCTION

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POSITIVE SUCTION

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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - NEGATIVE SUCTION

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DESIGN CRITERIA

TYPES OF HAZARD

MODERATE (OR) HIGH HAZARD –


LIGHT HAZARD STORAGE HAZARD
ORDINARY HAZARD A&B

EG:HOSPITALS,HOTELS EG:TEXTILE ,PAPER MILLS EG:PAINT


,INSTITIUTIONS,LIBRA , CHEMICAL UNITS
,ENGINEERING WORK
FACTORIES,OIL EG:WARE
RIES,LAUNDRIES,MUSE MILLS,PETROCHEMICA
UMS AND NURSING SHOP,LABORITIES,WAX,
LS AND REFINERIES
HOUSES
HOMES,OFFICE VERMICELLY AND
BUILDING,PRIOSNS , PRINTING PRESS,ETC.
SCHOOL AND
COLLEGS,ETC

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HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA

Type of Hazard being protected (light or ordinary or high hazard)


Number of hydrants required for all the facilities
Adequate sizing of pipes in the hydrant network to achieve appropriate
discharge
Assumption of two simultaneous major fires in vulnerable areas
Combined protection of tankages and pressured storage vessels by water
spray systems

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HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA

Combined protection of tankages by foam systems


Protection of transformers, cable cellars etc., by water spray systems
Adequate selection of fire water pumps
Provision of water for the installed pumping capacity
Trained manpower to handle disastrous situations
Other relevant considerations if any for the type of risk
Compliance to relevant codes for design

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Hydrant Placement

Yard hydrants At every 45, 30M periphery of the buildings for light,
ordinary and high hazard risks situated between 1.5 M to 15M from
external walls

Internal Hose reels to be provided that no part of the building inside is at


more than 30M from the nearest internal Hose reel
Upper floors : All upper floors shall be protected with hydrant wetrisers,
landing valves located at each landing of external/protected internal
staircases as below:

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Hydrant System

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Wet Riser System

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Spray System for LPG Bullets

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Spray System for the LPG Sphere

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PUMP CAPACITY

A) Light Hazard
Number of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 96 M3 per hour at 5.6 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 100 171 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every
125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 1 hour of pump run subject to a minimum of 135M3
B) Ordinary Hazard
Number of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 273 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 100 273 M3 per hour plus additional 273 M3 per hour for every
125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 2 hours pump Run
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PUMP CAPACITY

C) High Hazard - A
Number of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 100 410 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every
125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 3 hours pump Run
D) High Hazard - B
Number of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Upto 20 Two of 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 100 Two of 410 M3 per hour plus additional 410 M3 per hour
for every 200 hydrants or part thereof at 8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 4 hours pump Run
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PIPE SIZING
(WHEN THE NUMBER OF HYDRANTS IS LESS THAN 100)

Number of hydrants in Size of Mains Percentage of all mains


the whole system in mm including terminals and
risers

1 to 5 100 100%
6 to 20 100 60%
125 40%
21 to 55 100 45%
125 35%
150 20%
56 to 100 100 35%
125 40%
150 25%

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YARD HYDRANT

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YARD HYDRANT

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YARD HYDRANT

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DOWN COMER SYSTEM

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WET RISER SYSTEM

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HYDRANT SYSTEM LAYOUT

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Foam System

Foam is a blanking agent and the principle of extinguishment is oxygen


exclusion coupled with the prevention of hydrocarbon fuel vapors
being released from fire and the cooling effects of the water content.

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Foam System

Therefore it is mainly used for fighting fires on flammable liquids. In


modern foam systems, foam concentrate is mixed with water, usually in the
ratio from 3% to 6% and passed through an aerating device so creating a
foam which can have expansion ratios varying from
7.5% to 20 Low expansion
20 to 250 Medium expansion
250 to 1000 High expansion

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Foam System

The quantity of foam required is different for variety of risks and different
types of tanks. The application time is also specified in relevant codes

The stock of foam compound to be maintained shall be equivalent to at


least two times the requirement of the tank needing maximum quantity of
foam.

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Foam System for Oil Tank

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IMAGES OF FOAM MONITOR

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Thank You

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