Electromagnetic Generator made with DC Motors for Rural Areas

HERNANDEZ, Rhina Mae A.

PAUNLAGUI, Charm Keith Chermay S.

GAYAHAN, Giuliana Althi B.

DOMINGO, Kiel Enrique D.

ARAOARAO, Jose Victor A.

LAZARO, John Christian L.

 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The increasing demand for electricity is continuously expanding, that is why the study of

making and developing electricity never stops. Remote places are one of the least consumers of

electricity in our country. In this evolving generation, electricity and access to technology is

essential. Remote places experience lack of electricity due to its location and calamities. In a

report that was published in September 16, 2018, a total of eight provinces are still without

power supply, including Aurora, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Kalinga Apayao,

Mountain Province and Nueva Vizcaya (Cabrera, 2018).

A lot of alternative sources of electricity has been made such as: geothermal, wind,

thermal, hydro, kinetic and mechanical energy. These alternative sources of energy are not

present at all time. (Destreza, 2017). Some places are also powered by solar energy that was

sponsored by our government. A total of 40, 000 poor families have already accessed to solar

energy under the Access to Sustainable energy that was approved by LGU Guarantee

Corporation and World Bank. (The World Bank, 2016). But according to the report of Xinhua in

September 29, 2017, 2.36 million Filipino household are still without electricity (Xinhua, 2017).

This means that the projects that were implemented by our government is still not enough.

Powering these household will cause billions and our government is still find way to have

money for these projects.

Since technology is improving, researchers found a lot of ways on how to solve lack of

electricity and one of the most used today are the Dc motors. Compared to AC motor, DC
motor is more efficient and durable in terms of expiration or life span of motor. DC motor is less

expensive and can be seen in a lot of appliances which can be also beneficial in terms of

financial issues. Another factor why this kind of motor is effective in producing electricity is

because DC motor has a higher power density and quicker acceleration and deceleration times.

(Kimbrell, 2016)

Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

Law of magnetism states that, like poles repel and unlike poles attract. When magnets

are attached to the rotor of a DC motor and magnets are placed on the middle, it will create a

rotation because of the magnetic field that is being emitted by the magnets. Once the rotor is

rotating, an electric current will flow into the coil of the DC motor and begin to transfer into the

wires.

Paradigm

Fig Illustration of how the electric current flows onto the DC motors and wires.
Problem Statement

Electricity is one of the most abundant things that we need in order to live. Remote

places cannot meet this need due to their proximity from the power lines. People in remote

places use candles and gasoline lamps as an alternative to fluorescent and led lights that people

usually use in towns and cities. These gasoline lamps and candles may cause fire accidents.

Three in every five candle fires started when something that ought to burn, such as furniture,

mattresses or bedding, curtains, or decorations, used to be too shut to the candle. Therefore,

using gasoline lamps or candles may truly be dangerous to people. (Ahrens, 2017)

Lack of electricity became a hindrance to workers and especially to students. In a

remote place like Bansud Oriental Mindoro, a gasoline lamp (gasera) is the only source of light

that can be available. Due to the location of this barrio, student in this place like Rodalyn use

gasoline lamps so that she can study at night. (GMA, n.d)

Hypotheses

The magnets will produce a magnetic flux to spin the rotors fast enough to allow the

motors to generate an electric flow, strong enough to power a 3-watt bulb which can illuminate

an entire room and charge a smartphone from 0-100% simultaneously.

Significance of Study

The importance of this study is to help the citizens of remote places to gain access to

electricity. This generator could improve their living. The communication will be accelerated
because of the type-A cable that can charge a phone. Workers such as farmers, fishermen could

work efficiently at night and the students would not need to use candles and lamps when they

are studying. Using this generator could at least prevent accidents from their candles and lights.

Research Objectives:

• To create a generator that could produce 5 volts which is enough to charge mobile

phone and 5 volts to light a bulb.

• To invent a power bank generator that can be easy kept handy for the citizens of remote

places.

• To prove that magnetism can be used to spin a motor

Scope and Delimitations

The coverage of this study will only focus on the specific volts that the generator can

produce. This study will analyze the relationship between magnet and DC motor and on how

they can produce electricity. This research is directed to remote places and will help to

associate its problems in terms of electricity. This study will be conducted at Christian School

International and with the time duration of 5 months.

Definition of Terms

a. Amperes

Technical (Engineering): A unit meter kilogram-per second unit of electric current

flow.

Operational: The electrical unit that will be used for the output of DC motor through

type-A cable.

b. DC Motor

Technical (Engineering): A rotating motor that transforms electrical energy into

mechanical energy.

Operational: The second main component of the research, a motor that produce

electricity with the assist of magnet.

c. Capacitor

Technical (Engineering): A device giving capacity and is usually consisting separated

conducting plates or folk.

Operational: A type of device that is used to store electrical energy. This material will

help the generator to avoid short circuit.

d. Type A cable

Technical (Engineering): A cable that is guide to a USB type A part and can be USB

type B or type C cable.

Operational: A type of wire that will be used in connecting the electricity to the

phone.
e. Magnet

Technical (Engineering): A piece of material that attracts any metal object.

Operational: A material that will be used as a trigger for a DC motor to move and

produce electricity.
 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Magnetism is produced by using electrical energy and referred as

electromagnetism. Today, electromagnetism is used in many electric devices. A

Danish scientist named Hans Christian Oersted modified all that. He made the

important discovery that electric current creates a magnetic field. But like many

different necessary discoveries in science, Oersted’s discovery was once just a lucky

accident. Oersted desired to examine more about the magnetic subject created

through a current. He placed a compass at different places around a wire with current

flowing via it. The traces of magnetic pressure circle round the wire in a

counterclockwise route. (Verna, n.d)

First Electrical Motor

The first electrical motor is regarded to have been an easy electrostatic motor

fathered by means of Andrew Gordon in 1740s. Later in 1820, Andre-Marie Ampere

located the Ampere’s pressure law – the principle that defined mechanical pressure

production through interactions of magnetic area and electric current. This thought

was in addition formed into a truth by using British chemist and physic, Michael

Faraday. The man has been recognized for his electromagnetic induction discoveries

and this truly was once one of the fundamental breakthroughs in the discipline of

electrical science. (Ph.D, 2018)

Related Studies

In the research of (Rocky Chakma, 2017) they used a DC motor as the main

component in creating their “Portable Smart Phone Charger Using Human

Mechanical Energy by Gear Train with Hand Crank”. They took advantage of the

electrical charges that the DC motor could emit and turn it into a phone charger.

Another study that could be related in this research is the “Portable Self-

Sustaining Electricity Generator” of Froilan G. Destreza. He made a fuel-free electric

generator that would be less pollutant and less worry about the source of electricity.

He made a possible solution on a fuel shortage in the world market and

environmental issues. (Destreza, 2017)

How magnets produce electricity?

Margaf (2018) states that, magnets are mostly used in generators for it produces

a high magnetic field. The coil of wires that is being rotated act as conductor, these

wires contain electric current which is a result of a changing magnetic fields by the

magnets.

There are two types of magnets that are being used in generators: permanent

magnets and electric magnets. Permanent does not require wires in producing

electricity, this kind of magnet are mainly used in small generators, specifically DC

motors. One of the example of permanent magnet is neodymium. Electric magnets

are composed of iron and steel wound with wire. Electric magnets require a large

power supply to become a magnetic and to produce magnetic field.

History of the Brushless DC Motor.

The Brushless DC motor was created by Ernst Werner Von Siemens in 1856.

Brush less dc motor became a replacement to AC motor because they believe that

AC motor is less efficient. Siemens’ DC motor was further develop by Harry Ward

Leonard. In 1873 another innovation of DC motor has been made by Zenobe

Gramme. He invented the modern DC motor that has unique component, the volts

could be adjusted because it uses a rheostat to control the current which allows the

motor’s speed to be manipulate. (Shodhanga,n.d)