CE 521

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

1
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS

• Building a house
• Low-rise, mid-rise and High-rise Building
• A dam
• Industrial plant
• An airport
• Remodelling a facility
• Upgrading a facility

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 2

CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS

PROCESS TYPE

NON-PROCESS TYPE

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 3

 PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

❖ Complex process piping systems with

much process equipment using exotic
alloys
❖ Major computerized process
construction system
• Refineries & petro-chemical plants
❖ Extensive power and control wiring
• Organic & inorganic chemicals
1. LIQUID/GAS systems
• Monomers
PROCESSING ❖ Major utility equipment & distribution
• Basic chemicals
PLANTS systems
• LNG & Industrial gases
❖ Piling & heavy structural steel
• Natural gas clean-up, etc.
❖ Thermal insulation
❖ Extensive safety systems
❖ Minor buildings & enclosed spaces
❖ Minimal architectural treatment
❖ Minor HVAC & Plumbing System

4
 PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS
• Pulp and paper
• Mineral & ore dressing plants
• Polymers & plastics
• Pigments & Paints
2. LIQUID/SOLID
• Synthetic Fibers
PROCESSING
• Food, Beverages &
PLANTS
pharmaceuticals
• Specialty chemicals
• Soaps & detergents
• Films and adhesives, etc.
❖ Average process piping systems with
mixture process & mechanical
equipment-some in exotic alloys
❖ Major computerized process control
systems
❖ Extensive power & control wiring
systems
❖ Major utility equipment & distribution
systems
❖ Piling & heavy equipment foundations
❖ Heavy & light structural steel
❖ Thermal insulation
❖ Extensive safety systems
❖ Major pollution & waste control
❖ Major industrial & support buildings
❖ Sanitary construction
5
 PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

❖ Minor process piping systems with

• Cement clays, & rocks
• Mining & Smelting Iron & Steel
• Nonferruous metals
3. SOLIDS
• Fertilizers & agricultural chemicals
PROCESSING
• Glass and ceramics
PLANTS
• Rubber and polymer extrusion
• Activated carbon & carbon black ❖ Extensive safety systems
• Etc.
heavy mechanical equipment
❖ Some exotic alloys & finishes
❖ Moderate computer process control
systems
❖ Piling and heavy equipment
foundations
❖ Heavy and light structural steel
❖ Thermal insulation
❖ Major pollution &waste-control
systems
❖ Major industrial & support buildings
❖ Sanitary construction

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 PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

❖ Minimal process piping systems, but

large hi-temp steam & gas piping
system
• Fossil fuel & hydro-electrical plants
❖ Heavy boiler & turbo-generator
• Power transmission lines & sub-
equipment
stations
❖ Some alloys & special finishes
• Cogeneration plants
❖ Major boiler control & minor process
• Coal gasification & hot-gas clean-
control
4. Power Plants up
❖ Major wiring & electrical substation
• Flue gas scrubbers
work
• Solid waste burning
❖ Major utility systems
• Nuclear power (exponentially
❖ Piling & heavy equipment foundations
more complex due to NRC
❖ Heavy structural steel & stacks
regulations)
❖ Thermal insulation
❖ Major industrial & support buildings
❖ Some architectural finished areas
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 PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

Applicable OSHA, MSHA, ASME, ANSI, EPA, ASTM, and local

Codes building, plumbing, and electrical codes

Major: Pipefitter-welders, ironworkers, riggers,

boilermakers, millwrights, equipment operators,
electricians, instrument technicians, and concrete
Key Labors workers

Minor: Insulators, painters, specialty brick masons,

carpenters, laborers, and some architectural trades
CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 8
 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS
• Automotive & heavy
equipment assembly plants
• Light manufacturing
• Electronic component
5. Manufacturing
manufacturing & assembly
Plants
plants
• Aerospace manufacturing
plants
• Etc.
❖ Site development per size & local
conditions
❖ Major industrial buildings with
architectural treatment
❖ Major HVAC, plumbing, utility & some
minor process piping systems
❖ Light to medium assembly line &
material handling systems
❖ Clean room assembly & loaboratory
areas
❖ Computer rooms
❖ Fire protection systems
❖ Moderate electrical distribution
systems
❖ Heavy pollution control & waste
treatment
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 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

❖ Heavy earth-moving, blasting, & site

preparation
• Dams and irrigation ❖ Large underground piping systems]
• Highways & bridges ❖ Major forming, rebar installation &
• Public transport systems concrete pours
• Water & sewerage treatment ❖ Heavy concrete & asphalt paving
6. Civil Works systems ❖ Some industrial & passenger buildings
Projects • Port & marine projects ❖ Fuel, water, & waste treatment, &
• Airports mechanical equipment installation
• Public works infrastructure projects ❖ Railroad track installation
• Oil, gas & water transmission lines ❖ Signalling & communication systems
• Etc. ❖ Use of pre- & post-stresses concrete
❖ Sheet piling, coffer dams, and marine
construction

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 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS
• Laboratories
• Test Facilities
7. Support • Aerospace Test Facilities
Facility Projects • R&D Facilities
• Pilot Plants
• Etc.
❖ Mixture of industrial & institutional
buildings
❖ Some specialised equipment
installation
❖ Moderate utility systems and minor
process systems
❖ Heavy HVAC with fume-control
systems
❖ Some special finishes on buildings and
equipment
❖ Moderate to heavy electrical wiring
systems
❖ Average site development &
concrete work per site conditions
❖ Heavy plumbing & waste treatment
❖ Interior & exterior architectural trades
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 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS
• Office buildings
• High rise buildings
• Shopping malls
• Health care facilities
8. Commercial • Institutions, schools, banks &
A&E prisons
• Multiple-family housing units
• Multiple-unit housing schemes
• Military facilities
• etc.
❖ Heavy architectural treatments &
high-rise building construction
technology
❖ Major HVAC & plumbing systems
❖ Major-use masonry & pre-cast wall
units
❖ Major use of window-wall installations
❖ Use of high-productivity techniques
for duplicate floors
❖ High-rise structural steel erection
❖ Installation of people-movers
❖ Heavy foundations for high rise
buildings
❖ Smart building control systems
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 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

❖ Moderate to heavy demolition work

❖ Safety requirements for working in an
• Plant turn-arounds
operating facility
• Revamp projects
9. Miscellaneous ❖ Tight schedules
• Restoration projects
Projects ❖ Specialty craft requirements for
• Single-Family housing units
restorations
• Etc.
❖ Other inputs is highly variable
depending on type of project

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 NON-PROCESS TYPE PROJECTS

Applicable OSHA, DOT, ASME, ANSI, EPA, ASTM, and local building,
Codes plumbing, and electrical codes

Major: Ironworkers, equipment operators, riggers,

electricians, plumbers, cement workers, laborers,
sheetmetal workers, architectural trades, brick masons,
Key Labors welders, and carpenters

Minor: Pipe-fitters, instrument technicians, boilermakers,

and insulators
CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 14
 PROJECT VARIABLES

SIZE

COMPLEXITY

LIFE CYCLE

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 15

• PD = Project Director
•
•
CM = Const. Manager
SP = Const. Supt.
• SC = Subcontractor
• GC = General Contractor
• AE = Area Engineer
• CP = Control People
• FT = Full Time
•
•
PT = Part Time
PC = Personal Computer SIZE
• MC = Mini Computer
• MF = Mainframe Computer
• SW = Software
• TIC = Total installed cost

SIZE TIC & A&E hours

No. Of Tagged
in Utility Purchase Subcontra incorporatin Field labor
Building Equipment CM Team
Thousand Systems orders ctors g field hours
s Items
s followup
Small SP/FT with
Tie into
1000 2500 to 15,000 to CM/PT to
1 or 2 existing 10 to 50 10 to 50 8 to 12
To 12,500 75,000 CM/SP/FT and PT
systems
5000 to FT CM

Medium SP/FT with

Tie-ins or
6000 15,000 to 90,000 to CM/PT to CM/FT
3 or 4 some new 60 to 200 60 to 150 15 to 20
To 62,500 400,000 with SP, AEs, and
systems
25,000 CP full time

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 16

• PD = Project Director
•
•
CM = Const. Manager
SP = Const. Supt.
• SC = Subcontractor
• GC = General Contractor
• AE = Area Engineer
• CP = Control People
• FT = Full Time
•
•
PT = Part Time
PC = Personal Computer SIZE
• MC = Mini Computer
• MF = Mainframe Computer
• SW = Software
• TIC = Total installed cost

SIZE TIC & A&E hours

No. Of Tagged
in Utility Purchase Subcontra incorporatin Field labor
Building Equipment CM Team
Thousand Systems orders ctors g field hours
s Items
s followup
Large
26,00 Moderate
0 to Major 65,000 to 422,000 to CM, SP, AEs and
5 or 6 225 to 350 160 to 200 20 to 30
To new 175,000 1,000,000 CP full time
70,00 Systems
0
Super
CM/FT with SP,
80,000 Major New 80,000 to 1,000,000 to
8 to 15 375 to 600 200 to 500 30 to 35 AEs, and CP full
To Systems 500,000 3,250,000
time
200,000
CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 17
• PD = Project Director
•
•
CM = Const. Manager
SP = Const. Supt.
• SC = Subcontractor
• GC = General Contractor
• AE = Area Engineer
• CP = Control People
• FT = Full Time
•
•
PT = Part Time
PC = Personal Computer SIZE
• MC = Mini Computer
• MF = Mainframe Computer
• SW = Software
• TIC = Total installed cost

SIZE TIC & A&E hours

No. Of Tagged
in Utility Purchase Subcontra incorporatin Field labor
Building Equipment CM Team
Thousand Systems orders ctors g field hours
s Items
s followup

Major New PD Managing

Mega 15 major
Systems and 500,000 to 3,250,000 to multiple CMs and
201,000 15 to 25 600 to 1000 500 to 900 and 30 to
infrastructur 2,500,000 16,500,000 SCs with full field
and over 175 minor
e organizations

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 18

 COMPLEXITY

• New technologies
• Remote location
• Tight schedules
• Other unusual factors

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 19

 • Top Management
• Safety director • Scheduling
• Expediting • Legal • Project Reports
• Inspecting • Project Sponsor • Cost Control
• Traffic • Sales • Accounting
• Buying • Estimating
VP Construction
Procurement Project Control • Client
Management
• Test Runs
Client Operations CM Client PM • Client Staff
• Plant Start-up
• Client Project
Field Engineer Field Supt. Manager
Design Firm

• Quality Control • Craft Foremen

• Document Control • Specifications • Area Engineers
• Surveys • Civil • Craft Supervisors
• Architectural
• Mechanical
• Electrical
CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 20
 The CM Process

Construction
INPUTS Management Organisation
Manpower Team OUTPUTS
Personnel
Money Facilities
Resources
Materials (Plan, organise, & Services
WorkActivities
Policies control) Schedules
Procedures Budgets
Plans & Activities
Specificatio Data
ns
Information Systems and Reports

CE 521: Construction Management BACKGROUND 21