COLEGIO BACHILLERATO JAMBELI

MATERIA DE:
MATEMATICAS

IGNERIERO: RONALD ANDRES CACERES

NOMBRE: ALINNE
TORRES

CURSO: 10mo

PARALELO: “G” SUCUMBIOS

AÑO ELECTIVO
2019-2020
 COLEGIO BACHILLERATO JAMBELI
NOMBRE: SALLENCA MERINO
CURSO:10mo G SUMCUMBIOS
GANDHI
Mahatma Gandhi is one of the best-loved men in all history.
Although he worked all his life for Indians, his belief in fighting
against wrong without using guns, knives or bombs has changed
the world. His ideas were important for Martin Luther King, for
example, in his fight for Afro-American rights in the U.S. In India,
he is called ‘Bapu’ and many Indians see him as the father (‘Bapu’)
of their country.

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Mohindas Karamchand Gandhi was

born in 1869 in a western state of India, called Gujarat. He
married his much-loved wife when she was fourteen and he was a
year younger. Their first child died when Gandhi was fifteen. He
went to London to study law although he was not a very good
student at school. He promised his mother not to eat meat or
drink alcohol when he was there. He passed his exams and
returned to Bombay (now Mumbai) to become a lawyer but was
too shy to speak in court. It was because he could not make any
money as a lawyer in India that he got a job in South Africa when
he was twenty-four.

25%READ
 Gandhi stayed twenty-one years in
South Africa. It was a very important time for him because he
changed his political ideas and felt racism for himself. For
example, a train driver hit him and threw him off a train when he
sat in first class. This was forbidden for Indians. The
police arrested him when he did not stand up and give his seat on
a bus to a white man, and he could not find a good hotel to stay in
because they would not take non-white people. He also saw that
Muslim Indians in South Africa were usually rich and Hindus
were poor farmers and workers. The rich saw the poor Hindus as
very different people but, for Gandhi, they were the same – they
were Indians. Also, when Gandhi first arrived in South Africa, he
fought for Indian people but thought that white people should
make the government of South Africa. He did not believe that
black South Africans could govern. Later he changed his mind.

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Gandhi first had his idea that protest against

wrong should never hurt others, when he was in South Africa.
He organised Indians against the rule that they must carry ID
cards with their names and colour on them. South African Indians
burnt their cards and refused to work. The police and
soldiers injuredthousands of them and put them in prison.
International newspapers showed pictures and wrote reports of
what was happening and the law changed. Gandhi’s belief
in peaceful protest worked.

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In 1915, Gandhi returned to India. He was already very famous
because of his fight for Indian rights in South Africa. However, he
did not start protests in India before he travelled all over the
country and saw how rich and poor Indians, Muslims and Hindus,
high caste and low caste were living. He travelled third class in the
train in those days and so it was not a comfortable trip.

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After a few years, he was ready to talk about his ideas. He wanted
Muslims and Hindus to live together peacefully. He
was shocked by the lives that poor Indians were living and said
that the country must help fight poverty. He thought women must
get more rights. He also believed that the Hindu idea of
‘untouchability’ must end. This was the belief that some (usually
poor) Indians were born dirty. No other Indian should have
contact with them. They could not cook or touch other people’s
food; they could not drink water from the same wells; they could
not enter a temple to pray to the Hindu gods; and they could only
do some jobs, like cleaning toilets. But, most importantly, Gandhi
believed that Indians should make their own government without
the British.

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To fight poverty, Gandhi told all

Indians to make their own clothes with Indian cotton. They
should not buy British shirts and trousers. In 1930, he went on a
famous 400-kilometre march to stop the British taxon salt. At the
end of the march, he arrived at the sea and made salt from the sea
water on the beach. These protests meant that Gandhi went
to prison many, many times.

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In 1921, Gandhi first made the Indian National Congress, a
political party that still exists today. He tried to get Muslims to
join this party as well as Hindus. At first, they did and it seemed
that Gandhi could make an India where people of
different religions could live together. However, Hindus and
Muslims often killed each other too and Gandhi began his
famous fasts. This meant that he did not eat while fighting
continued. Slowly, he became weaker and weaker and people
thought he was going to die. The newspapers reported on his
health every day. Finally, again and again, Muslims and Hindus
stopped fighting and Gandhi could eat.

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In 1942, Gandhi started his last and most important protest,
asking the British to ‘Quit India’. He was angry that the British
government in India went to war with Nazi Germany and Japan
without asking the people. He knew that the British could only
stay in his country if the Indian people said they could. There were
400 million Indians and no government could control them if they
did not agree. After the Second World War ended, Britain left
India in 1947.

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Sadly, India and Pakistan did not remain one country. Many
Muslims ran away to Pakistan in the north-west and Hindus living
there escaped to India. Fighting started. Trains burnt. People from
the same villages attacked and killed each other because of
their religions. A million people died before the killing stopped.
The British did not return to the country to help stop the deaths.

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Gandhi lived a simple life. He ate only fruit and vegetables and his
clothes were the same as the poorest villager. He had no money.
He never used violence to get what he believed was right.

100%
 After independence, Gandhi
planned to travel to Pakistan. Before he could start, a
Hindu fanatic shot him. He died immediately. The day was 30th
January, 1948, and all India was sorry. Gandhi, the man of peace,
was killed by a bullet to his chest.