CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

Blood glucose examination is one of the most commonly performed tests at a health
installation. Generally this examination is done to monitor blood glucose levels in
diabetics. Blood glucose level checks are generally carried out in a laboratory with
various methods. Under certain conditions, blood glucose checks are very important to do
immediately. For example in patients with critical conditions, where the patient's blood
sugar can quickly change due to stress or medication. In these patients rapid glucose
analysis is needed to maintain strict glycemic control.

Patients with hyperglycemia are very important for immediate detection and
treatment because prolonged hyperglycemia can cause dehydration, metabolic disorders,
and long-term cardiovascular complications. Likewise with the concomitant
hypoglycemia, where an emergency requires immediate detection and treatment to
prevent damage to organs and the brain. The spectrum of symptoms itself varies, from
autonomic activation, behavior changes, impaired conginitis function, to seizures or
coma, depending on the duration and severity of hypoglycemia. Short-term and long-term
complications can also occur such as neurological damage, trauma, cardiovascular events,
and death.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is the definication of Blood Sugar Checks?
2. What are the types of blood sugar tests?
3. How to check measuring blood sugar test results?
4. How to blood sugar test results?
5. What are the causes of blood sugar to rise?
6. How to prevention of rising blood sugar levels?

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1.3 Writing Purpose
1. To able know the definication of Blood Sugar Checks.
2. To able know the types of blood sugar tests.
3. To able know check measuring blood sugar test results.
4. To able know blood sugar test results.
5. To able know the causes of blood sugar to rise.
6. To able know prevention of rising blood sugar levels.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Blood Sugar Checks

A blood sugar test is a medical examination that aims to determine blood sugar
levels. The general purpose of the blood sugar test is to know whether the blood sugar
levels in the body are normal or not. Another goal of conducting blood sugar check
checks is to detect diabetes. So that diabetes can be anticipated as soon as possible. In
addition, check blood sugar to find out whether the person has a tendency to experience
hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

2.2 Types of blood sugar tests

A. When blood sugar testing (GDS)
The blood sugar test (GDS) is an examination of blood sugar that is done at
any time regardless of the last time you eat. Generally, this type of blood sugar
check is applied to diabetics with the aim of controlling their blood sugar.

B. Fasting blood sugar test

The fasting blood sugar test is a blood sugar test performed on patients who
have fasted for 8-10 hours. There are also fasting blood sugar tests performed after
the patient fasts after 14 hours.

C. Blood sugar test 2 hours after eating

This blood sugar test 2 hours after eating is a check of blood sugar which will
be done 2 hours after the patient eats. This blood sugar check is also called the post-
prandial (PP) blood sugar test.

2.3 Check Measuring Blood Sugar Test Results

There are several ways you can do to measure the results of a blood sugar test.
1) Blood test
Examination of blood sugar can be done using a blood test that is by taking
blood sugar samples. The timing of blood sugar sampling is adjusted to the type of

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 blood sugar test desired. Furthermore, blood will be taken to the laboratory to
measure blood sugar levels using several methods in the laboratory.

2) Urine test
This blood sugar check is definitely taking a urine sample to study blood sugar
levels in the laboratory. The urine taken according to the type of blood sugar test will
be seen levels of albumin, sugar, and mikroalbuminurea

3) Glucometers
This one blood sugar test is the most practical blood sugar check and is
currently used frequently. The examination uses a tool called glucometer. In this way
you can do your own blood sugar test if you use this method provided you have a
glucometer. How to use the results of a blood sugar test using glucometers is to insert
a needle into the finger and the blood that comes out is taken as a sample. Then the
blood sample is inserted into the gap in the glucometer machine. Glucometers are
suitable to be used to support blood sugar testing when. Diabetics should have this
personal tool so that diabetics can easily control their blood sugar levels.

2.4 Blood Sugar Test Results

1) Fasting blood sugar levels (GDP)
a. Normal : below 108 mg / dl
b. Prediabetes : 108-125 mg / dl
c. Diabetes : above 125 mg / dl

2) Blood sugar level 2 hours post-prandial (GD2PP)

a. Normal : below 140 mg / dl
b. Prediabtes : 140-199 mg / dl
c. Diabetes : 200 mg / dl or more

3) When blood sugar levels (GDS)

a. Normal : below 200 mg / dl
b. Diabetes : above 200 mg / dl
c. After not eating for 8 hours (fasting) : less than 100 mg / dl
d. Before eating : 70-130 mg / dl

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 e. After meals (1-2 hours) : less than 180 mg / dl
f. Before going to bed : 100-140 mg / dl

2.5 Causes Of Blood Sugar To Rise

1) Dehydration
When sugar levels are dehydrated, it will definitely rise. Dehydration can be
dangerous for people with diabetes mellitus. In normal and healthy people,
dehydration can increase normal blood sugar levels in the body. This is because the
blood flow in the body lacks fluids and thickens more. This relationship can also
occur otherwise, when blood sugar increases, the body will release more urine,
therefore dehydration occurs. So to avoid dehydration it is possible to consume 8
glasses of mineral water per day, but if the higher physical activity is carried out,
the more water needs the body needs.

2) The phenomenon of dawn

The condition of blood sugar at dawn or morning can increase. This happens
because where the body experiences an increase in a number of hormones which
can increase blood sugar drastically. This event usually occurs at 2 to 8 in the
morning, where the body secretes hormones such as growth hormone, cortisol,
glucagon, and epineprine, which can increase insulin resistance so that blood sugar
levels can rise in the morning. In people who have diabetes, pre-existing insulin
does not work well, then a dawn phenomenon occurs that makes insulin work
become blocked. This is what can cause a very high increase in blood sugar.
Because diabetics are advised not to consume dinner too late and do physical
activity after dinner.

3) Lack of sleep
Diabetics are often recommended to get enough sleep. Because, blood sugar
for diabetics lacks sleep, will increase and can cause stress. Limiting sleep for type
1 diabetics is only 4 hours in seed, and the results are known that their insulin
sensitivity decreases 14% to 21%. A lack of sleep will also increase stress on the
body and result in increased blood sugar levels. The experts stated that when
sleeping there is a decrease in the hormone cortisol and nervous system activity that
can maintain the regulation of blood sugar levels in the body.

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 4) Extreme temperatures
Extreme cold or hot temperatures will indeed make diabetics experience an
increase in inner sugar levels, this is due to extreme environmental temperatures
that can disrupt the system at blood sugar levels. For example, if a diabetic person
feels heat, then that person will find it hard to sweat like a hot, healthy person. So
sometimes, abnormal body temperature in the body increases. In addition, extreme
temperatures can cause complications in the body of people with diabetes.

5) Consume too much caffeine

Coffee, tea and chocolate are sources of caffeine. According to the study
found that type 2 diabetics who have a habit of consuming coffee or the one that
contains 500 milligrams of caffeine, can increase 7.5% of blood sugar levels. It is
better for diabetics to reduce and avoid consuming caffeine to prevent a surge in
blood sugar levels.

2.6 Prevention Of Rising Blood Sugar Levels

a. Exercising
b. Maintain a diet
c. Stay away from sugar and anti-artificial sweeteners that are safe
d. Don't skip breakfast
e. Maintain mood and manage stress

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 CHAPTER III
COVER

3.1 Conclusion
Blood glucose examination is one of the most commonly performed tests at a health
installation. Generally this examination is done to monitor blood glucose levels in
diabetics. Patients with hyperglycemia are very important for immediate detection and
treatment because prolonged hyperglycemia can cause dehydration, metabolic disorders,
and long-term cardiovascular complications. Likewise with the concomitant
hypoglycemia, where an emergency requires immediate detection and treatment to
prevent damage to organs and the brain. A blood sugar test is a medical examination that
aims to determine blood sugar levels. The general purpose of the blood sugar test is to
know whether the blood sugar levels in the body are normal or not. Another goal of
conducting blood sugar check checks is to detect diabetes. So that diabetes can be
anticipated as soon as possible. In addition, check blood sugar to find out whether the
person has a tendency to experience hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

3.2 Suggestion
a. Avoiding dehydration is possible to consume 8 glasses of mineral water per day, but
if the higher physical activity is carried out, the more water needs the body needs.
b. Because diabetics are advised not to consume dinner too late and do physical activity
after dinner.
c. Diabetics to reduce and avoid consuming caffeine to prevent a surge in blood sugar
levels.
d. Prevention of rising blood sugar levels

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Handrawan, Nadesul. 2009. Resep Mudah Tetap Sehat. Jakarta: PT Kompas Media Nusantara

Rizaldy, Pinson. 2010. Pengertian, Gejala, Tindakan, dan Pencegahan. Yogyakarta: CV.
Andi Offset

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 ROLE PLAY

1. Agung Cahyo F. (Nurse 1)

2. Ega Meilina N.R (Patient 1 : Ny. Ega)
3. Mega Ayu W. (Patient 2 : Mrs. Ega daughter)
4. Widya Ageng S. (Nurse adsminitrasi)

Nurse adsminitrasi : Good morning ma’am, Can I help you?

Ny. Ega : Good morning too, Hmm…I want to check my blood sugar and my
daughter blood sugar, Can do it?

Nurse adsminitrasi : Oh of course ma’am. Whose your name and your daughter?

Ny.Ega : My name is Mam Ega and my daughter is Mega

Nurse adsminitrasi : Please fill out this form fist ma’am

Ny. Ega : (Writing form) Done sister

Nurse adsminitrasi : Hmm okay, let’s follow me to meet the nurse who will check the
blood sugar for you and your daughter

Ny. Ega : Yes, please sister

*Tok Tok Tok

Nurse adsminitrasi : Excuse me, Mr. Agung.

Nurse Agung : Yes, please come in

Nurse adsminitrasi : Here are patient on behalf of Ny. Ega and her daughter Mega, they
will check their blood sugar, Sir.

Nurse Agung : Oh okay sister Widya. Can be welcome to sit

Nurse adsminitrasi : Please sit ma’am. If so, I go back to my room, Sir.

Nurse Agung : Okay, please. Thank you sister Widya

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Nurse Agung : Ny. Ega and her daughter Mega, is that true?

Ny. Ega : Yes, right Sir

Nurse Agung : Then I start by checking Ny. Ega blood sugar first

Ny. Ega : Yes, please Sir

Nurse Agung : (Checking blood sugar) Have you eaten before?

Ny. Ega : Yes, Sir. About two hours ago.

Nurse Agung : The result have come out ma’am. Blood sugar Ny. Ega is 125 mg/dl.
This is still quite normal ma’am.

Ny. Ega : Oh, of course Sir

Nurse Agung : Do you want to ask someone again ma’am?

Ny. Ega : No Sir

Nurse Agung ; Okay, then I will check the blood sugar o your daughter. Did adek
Mega have eaten beore?

Mega : Hmmm, I haven’t eaten at all, Sir

Nurse Agung : Okay no problem, I will check you blood sugar, Okay?

Mega : Yes, please Sir

Nurse Agung : The result have come out. Blood sugar adek Mega is 90 mg/dl. This is
still quite normal

Mega : I so, how much blood sugar rises, Sir?

Nurse Agung : More than normal numbers, above 200 mg/dl

Mega : Oh, okay. Thank you Sir

Nurse Agung : Do you want to ask someone again?

Mega : No, thanks Sir

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Nurse Agung : So, you can go to the adsminitration room to meet the nurse Widya to
make payment. Always take care of your health and thank you or
coming to our clinic

Ny. Ega : Thank you Sir

Nurse adsminitrasi : How ma’am, is it finished?

Ny. Ega : Already sister

Nurse adsminitrasi : Of course, the payment is fifty thousand ma’am

Ny. Ega : Okay, here is the money

Nurse Adsminitrasi : Okay thank you ma’am. And always take care o our health

Ny. Ega : Thank you very much sister

Nurse adsminitrasi : Your welcome

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