PREP 19: ISO-ALCOHOLIC ELIXIR produce a solution of the required alcohol

strength.
CATEGORY: Non-Medicated Elixir

SYNONYM: Iso-Elixir

DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: A clear, colorless,

hydroalcoholic solution

USE: Intended as general vehicle for various

 What volume (in mL) of the prepared low
preparation that requires solvent of different
and high alcoholic elixirs is to be combined
alcoholic strength
if Rx requires 100 mL of an alcoholic elixir
with 55% v/v alcoholic strength?
METHOD: admixture of two or more liquid
ingredients
 To determine the amount of alcohol, add
first the ingredients and subtract it from 1000
CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle
mL. However, saccharin is in g, so conversion
LABEL: White Label to mL is necessary.

- A clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid High alcoholic Elixir

intended for oral use containing flavoring  COS = 4 mL
substance or active medicinal agent  Saccharin (0.828 g/mL) = 3 g (3.623
- Their primary solvents are alcohol and mL)
water  Glycerin = 200 mL
- Glycerin, sorbitol and syrup are additional  Alcohol , qs ad = 1000 Ml
solvent and/or sweetening agents
1. Convert g to mL saccharin using the density
EXCIPIENTS: given
 Compound Orange Spirit 3g x 1mL/0.828 = 3.623 mL
 Alcohol 2. Add the Ingredients
 Glycerin 4 mL COS + 3.623 mL saccharin + 200 mL
 Sucrose glycerin = 207.623 mL
 Saccharin 3. Subtract the total ingredients from 1000 mL
 Purified water, qs ad 1000 mL – 207.623 mL = 792.377 mL alcohol

METHODS PREPARATION
- Simple solution with agitation
- Admixture of 2 or more liquids

Iso-alcoholic Elixir
- Non medicated elixir
- General vehicle for various medicaments
that requires solvent of different alcohol
strength
- Volumes of LAE and HAE needed in order to
attain a certain alcoholic strength can be
determined by allegation
- When Iso-alcoholic elixir is specified in a
prescription, the proportion of its 2
ingredients to be used is that which

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  If taste is consideration – use a syrup rather
than a hydroalcoholic vehicle

Sucrose

- Increases viscosity
- Decreases solubilizing properties of water,
so must be added after primary solution has
been effected

2 GROUPS OF ELIXIR

a) Flavored Elixir
ELIXIR b) Medicated Elixir
- A clear, pleasantly-flavored, sweetened METHODS OF PREPARATION
hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use
containing flavoring substance or active a) Simple solution with agitation
medicinal agent. b) Admixture of 2 or more liquids
- Used to increase the solubility of the drug
substance in the dosage form. PREP 20: TERPIN HYRDRATE ELIXIR
- Main ingredients are alcohol and water
- Glycerin, sorbitol and syrup are additional CATEGORY: Medicated Elixir
solvent and/or sweetening agents THE contains each 100 mL, nlt 1.53 g and
- May contain both water and alcohol soluble nmt 1.87 g of TH. The preparation has 1.7 g of TH
ingredients per 100 mL of elixir.
- Due to alcohol content, incompatibilities
are an important considerations SYNONYMS:
 Elixir Terpin Hydrate
Alcohol precipitates  Terpinol Elixir
 Elixir Terpin Hydrate
 Tragacanth, acacia, and agar from aqueous  Terpin Hydrate Oral Solution (former
solution official name)
 Inorganic salts
DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT:
Glycerin and syrup It is a colorless with striations and it contains 43%
alcohol
- Inc. solublity of medicinal agent
- Sweetening purposes
USE: Expectorant
- Decreases pharmacological effect of alcohol

Propylene glycol METHOD: simple solution with agitation

- Satisfactory substitute for both glycerin and
alcohol CONTAINER: 15 mL amber bottle

Alcohol LABEL: White label

 Alcoholic content varies - Inc. alcoholic REMARKS:

content: aid solubility  Orange peel tincture → flavoring agent
 10-12% self preserving  Benzaldehyde → preservatives
 5-40% (limit)  Gylcerin & Syrup → thickening agent and
 use as vehicle or for their therapeutic effect sweetening agent
 Accentuates the saline taste of bromides  Dilution of this elixir with water causes
and similar salts precipitation of Terpin Hydrate

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EXCIPIENTS: - Stored in tight light resistant container and
 Terpin Hydrate in a cool place, preventing evaporation and
 Alcohol volatilization of either the alcohol or the
 Orange peel tincture active principles
 Benzaldehyde - Due to high alcohol content, should be kept
 Glycerin away from open flame.
 Syrup - Container → tight and light resistant
 Purified water, qs ad - Storage → cold place

PREPARATIONS
PREP 21: COMPOUND ORANGE SPIRIT
a) Simple Solution- 65 mL volatile oil/1000 mL
CATEGORY preparation
 Non-Medicated Spirit - Aromatic Ammonia Spirit)
b) Solution with Maceration - macerates
SYNONYM leaves in water to extract water soluble
 Spiritus Auranti Compositus components
- Expressed and the moist,
DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: It is alcoholic macerated leaves are added to a
solution with the odor of orange between 65.0% - prescribed quantity of alcohol.
70.0% of C2H5OH - The volatile oil is added to the
spirit
USES: - Peppermint Spirit
 Flavoring agent
c) Distillation
LABEL: White Label Brandy (Spiritus vini vitis) –
fermented juice of ripe grapes
CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle Whisky (Spiritus frumenti) –
fermented mash of wholly germinated
METHOD: Simple solution method malted cereal grain

EXCIPIENTS: d) Chemical Reaction NaNO3 + C2H5OH + H2SO4

→ C2H5NO3 + Na2SO4 + H2O
 Orange oil
Ethyl Nitrate Spirit/ Sweet Spirit of
 Lemon oil
Nitre – no longer available in the market
 Coriander oil
 Anise oil
INCOMPATIBILITIES: Due to high alcoholic nature X
 Alcohol, qs ad aqueous solutions X liquids of low alcoholic content.
SPIRIT Manifestation: turbidity, distinct layering
- A clear, saturated, alcoholic (over 60%
alcoholic content) or hydroalcoholic
PREP 22: PEPPERMINT SPIRIT
solution of volatile oil or aromatic
substances CATEGORY: Medicated spirit
- 27.5 mL of mixed oils are present in the
preparation. COS contains nlt 25 mL and SYNONYMS:
nmt 30 mL of mixed oils in 100 mL of spirit.  Essence of Peppermint
It contains 65% to 70% alcohol  Spiritus Menthos Piperitas
- The active ingredient in spirit like aromatic
water may be solid, liquid or gas DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: A clear brilliant,
- Used internally for their medicinal value green solution with odor and taste of peppermint
- Flavoring agent (convenient and ready
means of obtaining the volatile oil in the
proper quantity)

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USES: of the total NH3 and nlt 3.5 g and nmt 4.5 g
 as carminative of (NH4)2CO3
 for nausea and vomiting  Storage considerations Stored in suitable,
tight, light-resistant containers not
METHOD: maceration method exceeding 300C
 During inhalation, place a small amount of
CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle the solution between your fingers
approximately 4 inches away from nostrils,
LABEL: White inhale the spirit.
 Ammonia gas passed into a strong aqueous
REMARKS: solution of the sesquicarbonate (mixture of
(NH4)HCO3, (NH4)2CO3, and H2O) and
 Macerate the leaves thoroughly with water converts it into normal ammonium
to exhaust the leaves of water soluble carbonate [ (NH4)2CO3 ], which can be
extractives. obtained in the crystalline condition from a
 Traces of water in the apparatus → make solution prepared at about 30°C. This
the solution turbid compound on exposure to air gives off
ammonia and reverts to ammonium
EXCIPIENTS: bicarbonate.
 Peppermint oil
EXCIPIENTS:
 Peppermint leaves
 Magnesium Carbonate
 Alcohol, qs ad
 Strong Ammonia solution
 Lemon oil
PREP 23: AROMATIC AMMONIA SPIRIT
 Myristica oil
CATEGORY: Spirit  Lavander oil
 Alcohol
SYNONYMS:  Purified water, qs ad
 Smelling salts
 Sal volatile
 Salt of hartshorn PREP 24: IODINE TINCTURE

DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: A clear yellow CATEGORY: Topical tincture

solution with a strong ammonia odor
SYNONYMS:
USE:  Tincture of Iodine
 Tinctura Iodi
 Respiratory stimulant - used to treat and  Solutio Iodi
prevent syncope (fainting)
 Reflex stimulation DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: The tincture has a
reddish brown color which produces stain on the
METHOD: Simple solution skin

CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle USE:

LABEL: Red Label  local anti-infective agent applied topically to
the skin
REMARKS:
 germicide
 hydroalcoholic solution that is intended to  fungicide, antiseptic
be INHALED
 USP states that each 100 mL of the METHOD: Simple solution
preparation contains nlt 1.7 g and nmt 2.1 g

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CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle - 10 to 20% potency (10-20 g/100mL)
- ≤ 50% alcohol content
LABEL: Red Label - Tight light resistant container and avoid
exposure to direct sunlight and
REMARKS: excessive heat
Prepared by:
 NaI is a solubilizing agent A. Simple solution – Iodine Tincture
 used to stabilize the tincture and makes it B. Extraction
miscible with water in all proportions C. Percolation (Process P) – Belladona Tincture
 NaI will react with I2 to form NaI3 thus D. Maceration (Process M) – Sweet Orange
preventing I2 from reacting with ethyl Peel Tincture; Compound Benzoin Tincture
alcohol to form ethyl iodide
 Ethyl iodide decreases bacteriostatic 2. FLUID EXTRACT
activity of the preparation - alcohol preparations of a vegetable drug
 Alcohol used was 49% diluted alcohol containing the active constituents of one
 Tight, light-resistant container gram of the dry drug in each milliliter
 Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and - referred to as 100% tincture
excessive heat - too potent for self-administration, bitter
tasting
EXCIPIENTS:
Prepared by Percolation according to the following
 Iodine processes:
 Sodium iodide  Process A - percolation with one
 Alcohol (95%) alcoholic menstruum
 Purified water, qs ad  Process B - percolation with two
menstrua
EXTRACTIVES
 Process C - fractional or divided
- Product prepared by extraction of drug percolation
with suitable solvent  Process D - extraction with water
 Process E - process percolation
Methods of Extraction
 Percolation 3. EXTRACTS
 Maceration - concentrated preparations of vegetable
 Digestion or animal drugs obtained with suitable
 Infusion menstrua, evaporating all or nearly all
solvent
 Decoction
- two to six times more potent than crude
drugs
EXTRACT
 Semiliquids – syrupy consistency
- 2x to 6x more potent than crude drug
 Plastic masses — known as pilular
extracts, all solvent has been
 Semi liquid – syrupy, 20 mL of the solvent is
evaporated
left
 Dry powders — known as powdered
 Pilular – solid extract, plastic masses, all
extracts, starchy drugs (cassava,
solvent has been evaporated
raddish)
 Dry Powder – powdered extract, starchy
drug – cassava, raddish
4. OLEORESINS
- liquid preparations containing volatile
TYPES
oils and resins, obtained by extraction of
1. TINCTURE
drugs with ether, acetone or alcohol
- alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solution
prepared from vegetable or animal drug
or from chemical substances

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PREP 25: CAMPHOR SOAP LINIMENT
CATEGORY: Alcoholic-based liniment
SYNONYMS:
 Linimentum Camphoras El Salponis
 Linimentum Saponis mollis
 Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum
 Soap Liniment
 Liquid Opodeldoc
LINIMENTS
- alcoholic or oil based solutions or
emulsions containing therapeutic agents
intended for external application
- Applied with friction and rubbing to the
affected area - “embrocations”
- The oil and soap base provides ease of
application and massage
Importance: to provide temporary, fast-acting pain
relief

DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: Clear, colorless to Uses:

yellow solution. It has the odor of camphor 1. Sore and inflamed joints, muscles, tendons,
and ligaments
USE: 2. Alleviation of the discomfort of arthritis,
bursitis, and rheumatism
 Rubefacient 3. Circulation problems
 counterirritant effect 4. Sprains, strains, and bruises
 local anaesthetic for sprains
 rheumatism Examples of liniments
1. Emulsion – White liniment
METHOD: Agitation without the aid of heat 2. Suspension – Calamine liniment
3. Solution – Camphor liniment
CONTAINER: 30 mL flint bottle
Types of Liniment
LABEL: Red Label 1. Alcoholic Liniments
- Intended generally for their rubefacient,
REMARKS:
counterirritant, mild astringent and
 Official hand soap should be used penetrating effect
 If soap made from animal oils are used, - Penetrate the skin readily than the oil
gelatinization may occur base

EXCIPIENTS: 2. Oily Liniments

- Milder in their action but are more
 Soap
useful when massage is desired
 Camphor
- Used as protective coating depending
 Alcohol (95%)
on the ingredient in the preparation
 Thyme oil
should not be applied on bruises and
 Rosemary oil broken skin
 Stronger Water of Ammonia
PREP 26: STARCH GLYCERITE
Compositions
1. Counterirritant
CATEGORY: Gel
2. Antiseptic
3. Analgesic
SYNONYMS:
4. Local anaesthetic
 Glyceratum amyli
 Starch Glycerin
Factors to be considered in choosing solvent based  Glycamyl
in the preparation of liniments:
1. Type of action desired – rubefacient, DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: Translucent, jelly
counterirritant, just massage – oil or alcohol like mass
2. Solubility of desired components

6 - JJCBuenafe
USE: DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: It is a whitish
yellow color
 Topical vehicle
 Protectant USE:

METHOD: Trituration  employed as lubricating cathartic with a

usual dose of 30 mL
CONTAINER: 30 mL wide mouth bottle
METHOD: Wet/English; Dry/Continental
LABEL: Red Label
CONTAINER: 30 mL wide mouth amber bottle
REMARKS:
LABEL: White Label + shake well label
 It should be freshly prepared and
stored in tightly closed container REMARKS:
EXCIPIENTS:  Mineral oil as cathartic, acacia, as
suspending or an emulsifying agent, syrup
 Starch
as a sweetening agent, vanillin as a
 Benzoic acid flavorant and alcohol as preservative.
 Purified water
 Glycerin EXCIPIENTS:
 Mineral oil
GLYCERITES
 Acacia
- Solution or mixture of medicinal  Vanillin
substances in not less than 50% by  Syrup
weight of glycerin  Alcohol
- Most glycerites are viscous while some  Purified water, qs ad
are jelly like
- Solvent for the preparation of Antipyrine EMULSIONS:
and Benzocaine Otic Solution.
- Protectant, emollient, substitute for - 2 phase system in which one liquid is
fatty ointment dispersed in the form of small globules
- Hygroscopic → tightly closed container throughout another liquid in which it is
immiscible
GLYCERIN
- Reducing agent Components
- Should not be triturated with strong 1. Dispersed liquid/Internal
oxidizing agent like KMnO4 chromium phase/Discontinuous Phase
trioxide or KClO3, explosion will likely 2. Dispersion medium/External
occur Phase/Continuous Phase
- It produces coloration with phenol, 3. Intermediate agent/Emulsifying
salicylates, tannins, etc. due to agent/Dispersing or Stabilizing agent
contamination with iron
- Strong HNO3 /H2SO4 converts glycerin Type of Emulsifying agent
into an explosive nitroglycerin 1. Natural
 Animal – gelatin, egg yolk, casein,
PREP 27: MINERAL OIL EMULSION woolfat, cholesterol
 Vegetables – acacia, tragacanth,
CATEGORY: Oral emulsion chondrus, pectin, caraya,
carrageenan
SYNONYMS:
 Liquid Petrolatum Emulsion

7 - JJCBuenafe
 2. Synthetic
 Finely Divided Solid – Mg(OH)2,
Al(OH)3, and Magnesium trisilicate
 Colloid – Kaolin, Bentonite Magma
 Anionic – SLS
 Cationic – Benzalkonium chloride,
cetylpyridinium chloride
 Non-ionic – PEG 400, Spans ( sorbitan
esters), Tweens (polysorbate)
 Amphoteric – Lecithin
Type of Emulsions
1. Simple - o/w; w/o
2. Multiple - o/w/o; w/o/w
3. Microemulsion - most stable of the 3;
dispersed phase is in very small globules
(100-1000A) (1A=0.1nm)
Method of Identifying Emulsion
1. Drop Dilution Test
- add water (drop) → homogenous → o/w
2. Dye Solubility Test
- oil soluble → sudan red → w/o
- water soluble → amaranth green → o/w
3. Electronic Conductivity Test
- water conduct electricity → o/w
4. Fluorescence Test
- oil can absorb UV light → w/o
PREP 28: CHALK MIXTURE
CATEGORY: Medicated mixture
SYNONYMS:
 Mixture de Creta
 Mistura Cratae

Methods of Preparation DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: A whitish mixture

1. Wet or English containing suspended, insoluble solid substance
- G+W+O
- 4 (oil): 2 (water); 1 (gum) USE:
- gum and water first then add oil slowly
in one direction, creamy, sticky mixture  Antacid
with crackling sound  antidiarrheal agent
2. Dry or Continental
METHOD: Simple hydration
- G+O +W
- 4 (oil): 2 (water); 1 (gum)
CONTAINER: 15 mL flint bottle
- gum and oil first then add water at once
in one direction, creamy, sticky mixture LABEL: White Label + shake well label
with cracking sound
3. Bottle or Forbes REMARKS:
- 2 (oil): 2 (water): 1 (gum) shaking
vigorously  Glycerin → viscosity agent
4. Auxiliary Method
- hand homoginizer EXCIPIENTS:
5. In Situ Soap
- calcium soap and soft soap  Precipitated chalk
6. Microemulsion  Glycerin
- 100 A (10 microns)  Cinnamon oil
 Purified water
PROBLEMS
1. CREAMING MIXTURES
- Temporary separation of the 2 phase →
- particle size > 0.5 µm
shake again
- aqueous liquid preparation which
2. CRACKING
contains suspended (suspensoid),
- Total separation of the 2 phase with
insoluble solid substances
coalescence
- The insoluble substance maybe held in
3. PHASE INVERSION
suspension by the use of suitable
- Evaporation of water; o/w → w/o due to
suspending or thickening agent since the
evaporation
insoluble substance does not make the
mixture very viscous

8 - JJCBuenafe
INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES
- must be in very finely divided state and
it must be uniformly distributed
throughout the preparation
- this is accomplished by the use of colloid
mill, special methods of precipitation
and suspending agent
 The more active they become as adsorbent
and protectives when in contact with the
inflamed areas
 Suspended more readily and settle out
much slowly than large particles, thus
enabling the patient to obtain uniform
doses of suspended particles
 To increase palatability of the preparation
with the use of colloidal suspending agent
Reasons for having the Insoluble substance in a
finer state of subdivision
1. The more active they become as adsorbent
and protectives when in contact with the
inflamed areas
2. Suspended more readily and settle out
much slowly than large particles, thus
enabling the patient to obtain uniform
doses of suspended particles
3. To increase palatability of the preparation
with the use of colloidal suspending agent
PREP 29: ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
CATEGORY: Medicated mixture
SYNONYMS:
 Colloidal Aluminum Hydroxide
 Amphojel
 Alternagel
DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT:
 It is white, viscous preparation from which
small amount of water may be separated on
standing
 It is translucent in thin layer.
 It affects both red and blue litmus paper
slightly but it is not reddened by
phenolphthalein
USE:
 antacid (without systemic alkalosis)
 heartburn
 management of hyperacidity, peptic ulcer,
gastritis and esophagitis
 used as skin protectant and mild astringent
 it may cause constipation
 acid indigestion
METHOD: Chemical Reaction
CONTAINER: 15 mL wide mouth amber bottle
LABEL: White Label + Shake well label
REMARKS:
 produces no systemic alkalosis
 Sodium benzoate → preservative
 can cause constipation
 shake well before using
 do not take more than 12 teaspoonfuls in
24 hours
 do not use the maximum dosage for more
than 2 weeks
 dosage: 2 teaspoonfuls 5-6 times daily after
meals and at bedtime followed by a sip of
water if needed
EXCIPIENTS:
 Ammonium alum
 Sodium carbonate
 Peppermint oil
 Sodium benzoate
 Purified water
GEL
 Semisolid systems consisting either
suspension made up of small inorganic
particles or large organic molecules
interpenetrated by a liquid.
 Very fine particle size to achieve large
surface and thus maximum adsorption
capacity
 May contain peppermint oil, glycerin,
sorbitol, sucrose, saccharin or other suitable
flavor and preservative in a total amount of
not exceeding 0.5%
 The official meaning of “gel” encompasses
both two-phase systems which are:
a) THIXOTROPIC suspension
b) Single phase system of synthetic
macromolecules
9 - JJCBuenafe
Thixotrophy - are semisolids on standing but liquid
on being shaken
2 Classes of Gel
1. First Scheme
a) ORGANIC GELS
- Single phase gel consist of organic
macromolecules uniformly distributed
throughout the liquid where no
apparent boundary is seen
Examples: Carbomer, Carbopol, NaCMC,
Tragacanth gel
b) INORGANIC GELS
- 2 phase system separation of insoluble
matter and the liquid vehicle
Examples: Al(OH)3 Gel, Bentonite Magma
2. Second Scheme
a) HYDROGELS
 Organic Hydrogels – Pectin paste,
Tragacanth jelly
 Natural and Synthetic gums –
methylcellulose, NaCMC, Pluronic
 Inorganic hydrogels - Bentonite gel
(10-25%), Veegum, Silica
b) ORGANOGELS
 Hydrocarbon Type – Petrolatum,
Mineral oil/polyethylene gel
(Plastibase)
 Animal, Vegetable fats – Lard
Cocoa butter
 Soap base greases – Aluminum
stearate with heavy mineral oil
gel
 Hydrophilic – Carbowax bases (PEG
ointment)
Preparation of Gel
 By freshly precipitating the disperse phase
upon reacting an inorganic agents –
gelatinous ppt
Example: (NH4)2 SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O
+ 4Na2CO3 → (NH4)2CO3 + Al2(CO3)3 + 4Na2SO4 +
24H2O
 By direct hydrating the inorganic material in
water
Examples: Al2(CO)3 + 3H2O →
2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2
PREP 30: CALAMINE TOPICAL LOTION
CATEGORY: Lotion
SYNONYMS:
 Lotio calamine
DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: A liquid dispersion
or suspension that is pink in color.
USE:
 Astringent
 Antipruritic
 topical protectant and soothing
 lotion sunburn
 treatment for ivy poisoning
 skin protectant
METHOD: Levigation and trituration
CONTAINER: 30 mL amber bottle
LABEL: Red label + shake well label
REMARKS:
 Ferric oxide → characteristics of pink color
 Calamine and Zinc → protectant
 Zinc oxide → astringent effect
 Glycerin → humectant
 Bentonite → suspending agent
EXCIPIENTS:
 Calamine
 Zinc oxide
 Glycerine
 Bentonite magma
 Calcium hydroxide, qs ad
LOTIONS
- Liquid suspension or dispersion intended
for external application to the body
- Applied to the unbroken without friction
- Insoluble matter are finely divided as
particles approaching colloidal
dimension are more soothing to
inflamed areas and more effective in
contact with the infected area
- Are aqueous liquid or sometimes
alcoholic preparation containing
insoluble materials in the form of
10 - JJCBuenafe
 suspension or emulsion intended for
external application without rubbing.
- Also called washes – meaning “lotio” or
“lavare” to wash
- either liquid or semiliquid preparations
that contain one or more active
ingredients in appropriate vehicle (BP)
2 Types of Lotion:
 Medicated Lotion
 Cosmetic Lotion
Method Preparation
1. Triturating the ingredient to a smooth
paste and then cautiously adding the
remaining liquid phase (with the use of
high speed mixers and homogenizers)
Example: Calamine Lotion – consist of finely divided
insoluble solids held in more or less permanent
suspension by the presence of suspending agents/ or
surface active agent
2. By Chemical Interaction in the liquid
Example: White Lotion – must be freely prepared
and does not contain suspending agent. ZnSO4 +
Sulfurated potash (K2S3) → ZnS + 2S + K2SO4
3. Clear Solution in which the active
ingredient is a water soluble substance
Example: Dimethisoquin hydrochloride lotion
PREP 31: HYDROCORISONE SUSPENSION
CATEGORY: Suspension
SYNONYMS:
 Hydrocortison Cypionate
 Cortisol suspension
DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT: It is a pink,
viscous suspension. The dispersed particles settle
minimally on standing and easily redispersed with
shaking
METHOD: Trituration
CONTAINER: 15 mL amber bottle
LABEL: Red label + shake well label
REMARKS:
 Do not over triturate the preparation
because Cetaphil contains surfactant that
facilitates the introduction of air bubbles
called “SUDS”
 too high IPA concentration will break down
the emulsion structure of Cetaphil
EXCIPIENTS:
 Hydrocortisone
 Menthol (aliquot)
 Calamine
 70% alchohol
 Cetaphil
 Distilled water, qs ad
SUSPENSION
- Are liquid preparations that consist of
solid particles dispersed throughout a
liquid phase in which the particles are
not soluble.
Examples:
 Antacids – alumina, magnesia, simethicone,
magaldrate
 Anthelmintics – Pyrantel pamoate,
Thaibendazole
 Antibacterials – Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin
estolate
 Antiflatulent – Simethicone
 Antifungals – Nystatin
 Antiprotozoal - Atovaquone

USE:

 Temporary relief of minor skin irritation

 Itching, rashes
 Insect bites

11 - JJCBuenafe