PARASITILOGY: INTRODUCTION  Coelozoic

 Coprophilic
DEFINITION OF TERMS  Enterozoic
 Medical Parasitology  Pseudoparasite
*Parasitic protozoa
*Parasitic helminthes
*Arthropods
 parasitic
organisms
 Relationships

PARASITE:
 Weaker organism
 Lives on / in another organism
for food, shelter and its
development
 For survival

HOST:
 DEFINITIVE /FINAL
 INTERMEDIATE
*IST
*2ND
 RESERVOIR
 PARATENIC HOST

BASES OF CLASSIFICATION:
TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS:
1. HABITAT
 SYMBIOSIS
 ON
 MUTUALISM
 IN
 COMMENSALISM
 PARASITISM
PARASITISM:
 There are 2 different types of parasites:
Ectoparasites
 External Parasites – live on the outside of the host
 Ex: ticks, fleas, mosquitoes
Endoparasaites
 Internal parasites – live inside the host’s body
 Ex: bacteria, protists, tapeworms

2. Effect on the host

 Pathogenic
 non-pathogenic
3. Mode of Living
 obligatory
 Facultative
 Permanent
 Periodic / transitory
 Incidental
 Erratic
 hematozoic
 Cytozoic
OTHER TERMS:
 Ovum
 Egg
 Embryo – early developing stage
 Larva – active, feeding stage after embryo
 Trophozoite /Pre-cystic – motile/vegetative
 Cystic – non-motile / infective stage

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
Factors that influence:
 Presence of susceptible host
 Habits of host (food habits)
- exotic meat
- raw fish / crustacean
- raw / uncooked meat

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PARASITIC BURDENS:

MODE OF ENTRY:  Bloody stool /constipation
 Integumentary system  Blood during coughing
 Digestive System  Diarrhea
 Respiratory System  Gas and bloating
 Reproductive System  Nausea and vomiting
 Transplacental  Pale skin
PORTALS OF EXIT:  Loss of appetite
 Feces – most common  Fatigue /weakness
 Urine
 Sputum FACTORS THAT DETERMINE INTENSITY OF PARASITISM:
 Discharges  Location
 Blood  Socio-economic status
 Age / sex
 Water supply
 Food source

SOURCE OF PARASITISM:
 Contaminated soil / water/ food
 Vectors
 Domestic / wild animals
 Another person – E. vermicularis
 Self – S. stercoralis

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
6 Fs
 FLUIDS
 FINGERS
 FECES
 FOOD
 FOMITES
 FLIES

WAYS OF INJURY TO HOST:

 Robs host of nutrients
 Tissue destruction
 Inoculation of poison
 Infect host with other parasites
 Reduction of resistance
 Psychological disturbance
* itchiness – pruritus ani

PARASITIC CONTROL:
 Medical consultation
 Therapeutic measures
 Sanitary control
 Insecticide spraying /chemical fogging
 Meat inspection
 Public education