“ENERGY”

By

Victor Njue
FADE IN:
VOICE OVER LINES

VOICE OVER
Hi there! So you want to learn about
energy, right? Mmmmm…where to begin? In
total, there are 10 named types of energy,
but we’ll get to that in another episode,
lets focus on 3 for now and we’ll take a
look at the idea of energy transfer too.
VOICE OVER
Let’s look at energy transfer within a
regular filament bulb.
REGULAR BEDSIDE LAMP APPEARS.ZOOM IN AND FADE INTO BLACK.
VOICE OVER
This is one of the energy forms you’ll
encounter in this transfer - electrical
energy. You use electricity to charge your
phones and run your gaming consoles - but
how does it work?
ELECTRICAL ENERGY APPEARS THE IS MOVED ONTO A LIVE WIRE
VOICE OVER
This is the live wire. Electrical energy
runs along this copper wire in order to
reach the bulb. Copper is a metal, and
metals are great conductors of heat and
electricity!
CLOSEUP OF METAL IONS
VOICE OVER
The free electrons within the metal carry
the charge along the wire.
ZOOM OUT OF LIVE WIRE AND SEE THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY GOING
UP THE WIRE. THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY REACHES THE BULB.

2
 VOICE OVER
Now this is where things get a little
tricky; copper has very little resistance
so electricity flows through it easily,
but tungsten is used as the filament for
the bulb…
HIGHLIGHT TUNGSTEN FILAMENT.
VOICE OVER
This metal has high resistance. The
electrical energy struggles to flow easily
though it. This heats up the filament, and
this heat (wait for it) gives off light
energy! Let’s have a look at both energy
types.
SANKEY DIAGRAM OF BOTH ENERGY OUTPUTS
VOICE OVER
Light is the useful energy type in this
transfer,even though it contains the least
amount of energy. There is more thermal
energy, but heat is actually the waste
energy in this transfer. Just remember,
the total electrical energy provided
equals the light and thermal energy in the
transfer. Energy can’t be created or
destroyed, it just changes forms.
BOTH ENERGY CHARACTERS APPEAR
VOICE OVER
Which one should we start of with? Let’s
go with thermal energy.
THERMAL ENERGY GLOWS.
VOICE OVER
This is thermal/heat energy. As the
electrical energy passes through the
tungsten filament and faces resistance,
the metal ions vibrate.
THERMAL ENERGY VIBRATES THE IONS.

3
 VOICE OVER
The rate of heat transfer is slow but
speeds up as the ions vibrate faster.
Thermal energy is transferred from ion to
ion, heating up the metal, which leads us
to the final energy type in this transfer.
LIGHT ENERGY CHARACTER APPEARS.
VOICE OVER
The last most useful energy type in this
transfer – light - is the product of the
tungsten wire heating up. Light is the
fastest energy type. Travelling at
3x108m/s in a vacuum, nothing travels
faster than light!
ZOOM INTO THE BULB.
VOICE OVER
The light energy caused by the heated
filament must escape out of the bulb. The
light has to pass through the inert gasses
that stop the oxidization of the filament.
Finally, the light can shine from the
bulb!

ZOOM OUT OF THE BULB AND SEE THE ENERGY TRANSFER PROCESS
FROM BEGINNING TO END.