Photography
A Cultural History
FOURTH EDITION
‘Mary Warner Marien,Sct on
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CONTENTS
Preface
Introduction x»
PART ONE
Photography's Double Invention 1
The Orpins of Photography (0188) 5
etre haoganhy 4
feca: The Ft Phatograph &
The mvenion o"tocopaphes” 2
Anne roca he ston of Sitaneus enon 9
Te Pretiom of Permanence Wewood ond any 3
The'Sun ven of pee 1
The caoborn of Wipe at Dope 12
Reporte Announcement ofthe Dogue 6
Henckels Prterp he Specimens 17
ecu The Song
Taber Pope Bowing 19
The Po oenton 20
‘heSecond Invention of Photography (1839-1856) 25
caso Gass and Photpopy 27
FecuPhtapy, ace ovary 36
Perming Har The De Merton Convoy 37
econo whe Caer 38
rand Pocaaphy 40
Beh Cofino
pedeonay and ave Potogphy 44
fayptand he Hay Land 44
Calan nage 6
TheProorphy So 62
ery Potopy 2
TheFem of Souda and Howes 6
The Cape Poa Hi on Adon
Tents Eccomempocary photography In that eg, new Portal bar
dns ben added on the Conceptual art, Ed Ruscha. Throughout
‘the new ition materia on the histor of photography in
‘China ranging fom the nineteenth entry the pee,
asbeen adel. In eddion to many new pte spied
redesign sual integrates the chapters.
‘Of coars, the ght of enalog photography andthe
vigorous ongoing a of iil phtopraphy long with
‘iting setae dependable computer uplink nd webstes—
havea an irimensorale impact oth on photographic
soy contemporary cto ard every Acct 0
and ident ohisorc photographs has grey increased,
the many photog aber now miata clare wees co
hich one an vew thei pst work nd presen ventures AS
seen in thelast cape ofthis book the eae and frequency
veh wich people worldwide re digital cameras and camer
hones toma and upload image sj boning pact,
the mediom In beet words therehave never been an?
phonopraher!
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
Many people generously fered information apd sistance
il hs editon induding Anne McCauley, lan Gaiths
{and hisbae-chl, the webste, Luminous Lint), Lary Sch
‘nd Janes Zeng Hoang Speci thanks to David Mtb and
his sudents for their observations nd question. shoul aso
lketoetend my gratitude othe member of the pehograpic
Istoy ster, whos exchanges ave been ep and
stimalatig. Asay, have ried onthe keen ye ad god.
Jdgment my spouse ad tein edie Micha Maren
Talo wish wo thankthe flowing reviewers who made
‘ef comment forte development ofthe fourth eon:
‘Rihab Kasay Bagnole, Savannah Colege of Art & Design
“et Wessman, Unive of nos Urban Champaign
Jeanine kth, Massachusetts Collegeof Ar nd Desi
Margret Denny, Columbia College Chicago Moras O Nal,
Wake Foret University
Tam fortunate wo have ad the bight and able asitance
ofthe aft Laurence King Pabishing Ld Kara Hately
Sth has god jadgment, puienc, an wisdom, John aoa
dito comments and adc uve Bena imble a ls tne
‘onthe svoard Pictur elitr Peter Kents enh or
mages snatched by his esourefless nd sothing sense of
humor and Simeon Wath has smoothed thiscompliated book
ho the rns wth conicued expert.
My thanks to Gita Rose Ines of Rose Innes Asoc who
wes responsible forthe wonder edesgn ofthe fourth eon,
{Endo Kiry Seymour Ureand Angela Koo fr their ptaing,
‘opr eting end prksendingthecghont
DEDICATION
My resist debt contnaes tobe to gion of people {ave
‘eter me whee ongingvetearch and wring on photography
‘tar informs and shapes ny thinking Without the ests,
could ot have concave ths book, nor ofeed revised eons.
"humbly diate this book othe international crmmuty
cof photographers scholar, and cries whose efit enrich
cur fl
Mary Warner Marien
er Pfr
‘Syracie Unnerty
Src New Yk
aAp2013
Introduction
LIGHT WRITING: FROM THE DAGUERREOTYPE
To DIGITAL
The basicmeznng ofthe word “photography” sigh weting
‘he medium ert hat designation n 1838 soon afer
photography war announced the wold. Despite its many
{apd technical changes from the DAGUERAEOTYPE fo BIITAL
the photograph stl en img ote nthe agency aight
Whe inetent entry photograpec placed ea on ight
seniaed paper and exposed the paper to snlght the rel wat
2 photograph Today dial camers me dectrnic econo
Tigh, fom which one can make print or mas archives.
“The concept flight writings starting pont for under
sanding photography. At the sme times importnt 0
precise that photography has ever een ae thing, 1838,
there were thee yps of photography. The dagueeotype,an
Image produced ona ber-costd copper pit, was named
forts vento Louis Jacques-Mande Daguert. In addition,
‘wo form of photography on paper were mented by Wiliam
Henry Fox Tahoe One employe acamers athe kere
photogenic deavig wesw contact pit nade by lacing en
ject on igh senstve paper Whe the daguerreotype Was
‘tone-of--knd image, photographs on paper an photogenic
ravings had the potetal tobe made ito wzcATIvE, rom
trick atonal copies could be prodace, Throughout
Thntory photography oily changed ts ecologies mean,
though ech ype was vata fight wating.
Bren Before photography was resented othe word,
the medi was rased trough the imagination sn prior
experienc ofthese who read or ear abou In ther words,
phcography was set of sumptions in advance of experience
Soon manifold uses fox photography appeared Win a decade
oferta thor pgp a eed
Inwhich owe incesingy vised. By 1852,
photograph: practice had enlendd 0 0 many applications
{hat ane observer conlded “photography a the same ine
‘cence, nar and an nds”
Photograhy has aways Ben rss dsiptinry.
Photographers who used the medium oats expression,
econ keep jrolis, cet documentation Tami
Fistoryor ob dvere photographic endeaors cached beyond
‘heimmedate els fer igpraton and information Indeed
photographs areomalvores When asked thee were sy
Inlsences se wanted to mention, American photographer
Helen Levit (1913-2008) ep, Everything eer
nunced me" I comesas no surprise that poogephers
Inve ben athe foreront of cg! invention.
‘Cros-dipinary arenes and interest o not equate
it harmony. By 1450 photography was immered in societal
eke and Sep at odds wih uel as conjectured to
‘be vartouslyan art dangerto a ascence,revalaionary
mens of elation, amines mache fr rendering, and
‘threat oscil onder Beas photography appeared to be
{slant reap way fo dent information sexed to
Sugurathera modern, Moodle, estar evolton or
‘cial degeneration in which viewer would gt themaies with
‘Pleasing batter images of ey,
‘Some of es od bate aretil being wage, The camer
ject continues fo be bath beloved and berated by
‘hotogrpers andthe ener pl The sy eanipeaton
‘of photogs using dgtal stare has enlvned the
protracted concern withthe character of photographic elim,
‘eraculr and pop phoographs sch arcamere-hoe
sd paper pres we persed Harned lowering the
public jdgnen
1n 1923 he mmaker and photographer Pal Strand spoke
tostident the Clarence White Schoo! of Photography in
Nov ors nd reece on tear poe He ped
photograpiars to belong students ofthe chang techie