Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 122

DIGITAL NOTES

ON
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA
THEORY

B.TECH II YEAR - II SEM


(2017-18)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, INDIA.

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 1


MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech IT – II Sem L T /P/D C


4 -/-/- 3
(R15A0506)FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY
Objectives:
 To teach the student to identify different formal language classes and their
relationships
 To teach the student the theoretical foundation for designing compilers.
 To teach the student to use the ability of applying logical skills.
 Teach the student to prove or disprove theorems in automata theory using its
properties
 To teach the student the techniques for information processing.
 Understand the theory behind engineering applications.

UNIT I:
Fundamentals: Strings, Alphabet, Language, Operations, Finite state machine, definitions,
finite automaton model, acceptance of strings, and languages, FA, transition diagrams and
Language recognizers.

Finite Automata: Deterministic finite automaton, Non deterministic finite automaton and
NFA with Є transitions - Significance, acceptance of languages. Conversions and
Equivalence : Equivalence between NFA with and without Є transitions, NFA to DFA
conversion, minimization of FSM, equivalence between two FSMs, Finite Automata with
output- Moore and Melay machines.
UNIT II:
Regular Languages: Regular sets, regular expressions, identity rules, Conversion finite
Automata for a given regular expressions, Conversion of Finite Automata to Regular
expressions. Pumping lemma of regular sets, closure properties of regular sets (proofs not
required).

UNIT III:
Grammar Formalism: Regular grammars-right linear and left linear grammars, equivalence
between regular linear grammar and FA, inter conversion, Context free grammar, derivation
trees, sentential forms. Right most and leftmost derivation of strings.

Context Free Grammars: Ambiguity in context free grammars. Minimisation of Context


Free Grammars. Chomsky normal form, Greibach normal form, Pumping Lemma for Context
Free Languages. Enumeration of properties of CFL (proofs omitted).
UNIT IV:

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 2


Push Down Automata: Push down automata, definition, model, acceptance of CFL,
Acceptance by final state and acceptance by empty state and its equivalence. Equivalence of
CFL and PDA, interconversion. (Proofs not required). Introduction to DCFL and DPDA.
LINEAR BOUNDED AUTOMATA(LBA):LBA,context sensitive grammars ,CS languages

UNIT V:
Turing Machine: Turing Machine, definition, model, design of TM, Computable functions,
recursively enumerable languages. Church’s hypothesis, counter machine, types of Turing
machines (proofs not required).

Computability Theory: Chomsky hierarchy of languages, linear bounded automata and


context sensitive language, LR(0) grammar, decidability of, problems, Universal Turing
Machine, undecidability of posts. Correspondence problem, Turing reducibility, Definition of
P and NP problems, NP complete and NP hard problems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Introduction to Automata Theory Languages and Computation”. Hopcroft H.E. and
Ullman J. D. Pearson Education.
2. Introduction to Theory of Computation - Sipser 2nd edition Thomson

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Computer Theory, Daniel I.A. Cohen, John Wiley.
2. Introduction to languages and the Theory of Computation ,John C Martin, TMH
3. “Elements of Theory of Computation”, Lewis H.P. & Papadimition C.H. Pearson /PHI.
4. Theory of Computer Science and Automata languages and computation -Mishra and
Chandrashekaran, 2nd edition, PHI.
5. Theory of Computation, By K.V.N. Sunitha and N.Kalyani

Course Outcomes:
Student will have the ability to
 Apply knowledge in designing or enhancing compilers.
 Design grammars and automata (recognizers) for different language classes.
 Apply knowledge in developing tools for language processing or text processing.

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 3


MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INDEX

S. No Topic Page no
Unit

1 Strings, Alphabet, Language, Operations 6-9

2 Finite state machine, 10-15

3 Finite Automata: DFA,NFA,With Є transitions 16-21


I
4 Conversions and Equivalence : 22-27

NFA to DFA conversion, minimization of FSM, 28-32


5
equivalence between two FSMs

6 Finite Automata with output 46-52

II Regular Languages: Conversion, Pumping lemma of


7 53-58
regular sets

8 Pumping lemma of regular sets 59-64

9 FA:RLG,LLG, Sentential forms 65-72

10 Context Free Grammars:CNF,GNF 73-93


III
Pumping Lemma for Context Free Languages.
11 94-107
Enumeration of properties of CFL
Equivalence of CFL and PDA, inter conversion Push 108-112
12 IV Down Automata, LBA,CSL
Turing Machine: Church’s hypothesis, counter
13 113-115
machine, types of Turing machines
V
LR(0) grammar, decidability of, problems,UTM,P 116-122
14
and NP Problems

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 4


MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-1

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 5


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 6
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 7
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 8
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 9
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 10
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 11
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 12
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 13
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 14
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 15
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 16
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 17
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 18
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 19
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 20
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 21
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 22
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 23
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 24
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 25
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 26
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 27
Unit-II

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 28


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 29
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 30
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 31
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 32
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 33
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 34
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 35
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 36
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 37
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 38
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 39
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 40
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 41
UNIT-3

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 42


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 43
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 44
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 45
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 46
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 47
UNIT-3

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 48


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 49
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 50
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 51
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 52
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 53
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 54
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 55
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 56
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 57
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 58
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 59
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 60
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 61
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 62
UNIT-4

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 63


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 64
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 65
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 66
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 67
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 68
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 69
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 70
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 71
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 72
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 73
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 74
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 75
UNIT-5

FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 76


FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 77
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 78
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 79
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 80
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 81
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 82
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 83
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 84
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 85
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 86
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 87
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 88
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 89
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 90
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 91
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 92
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 93
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 94
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 95
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 96
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 97
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 98
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 99
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 100
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 101
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 102
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 103
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 104
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 105
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 106
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 107
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 108
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 109
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 110
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 111
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 112
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 113
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 114
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 115
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 116
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 117
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 118
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 119
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 120
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 121
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY Page 122

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi