17

Why is AM preferred over FM broadcasting the picture signal? 2

Discuss the merits and demerits of positive and negative modulation and justify the
choice of negative modulation in most TV systems.
Compare interlaced scanning with rectangular scanning.
Sketch the composite video signal for three successive lines and indicate
i) extreme white level ii) blanking level iii) pedestal height iv) sync level and explain.

16
What do you mean by compatibility?
Discuss compatibility between color monochrome TV with suitable block diagram.
Explain the terms - ‘image continuity’, 'flicker’ and 'scanning’. Discuss the process
of choosing the total number of scanning lines.
Draw and level the 7 MHz PAL color channel bandwidth.

15
Explain the following terms “Image Continuity”, “Flicker and Scanning.”
Justify the choice of 625 lines for Indian TV transmission. What is the significance
of choosing the number of lines 625 and not 623 or 627?
Draw the total channel bandwidth of 625line color TV system.

14
Why FM is preferred to AM for sound transmission?
Explain the compatibility between color and monochrome TV with suitable block
diagram.
Draw and explain the details of PAL color channel bandwidth.
Draw and discuss the block diagram of monochrome TV receiver with special
emphasis on AGC, AFC, and El IT.
Explain the working principle of an antenna sys tern with folded dipole reflector and
director.

13
What is composite video signal? Draw and level a composite video signal.
Discuss blanking pulses.
What is vestigial sideband transmission?

11
What is composite video signal? Draw and level a composite video signal.
What is flickering? How can you eliminate flicker?
Explain the terms: a) Vertical scanning, b) Horizontal scanning.
Explain the terms: a) Pedestal height, b) D.C. component.

13
Enumerate the basic requirement that must be satisfied by the pulse train added after
each field. Why is it necessary to separate the broad vertical pulse?
Justify the need for pre and post equalizing pulses. Why it is necessary to keep their
duration equal to half-line period?
Why are the vertical sync pulses notched at 32𝜇𝑆 interval and not at 64𝜇𝑆 interval
to provide horizontal sync pulses?
Draw, level and explain the monochromic composite video signal.
Explain the terms: a) Vertical scanning, b) Horizontal scanning.

12
What are the basic factors for successful transmission and reception of
pictures?
The basic factors with which the television system must deal for successful
transmission and reception of pictures are:
i) Gross Structure: Geometric form and aspect ratio of the picture.
ii) Image Continuity: Scanning and its sequence.
iii) Number of Scanning Lines: Resolution of picture details.
iv) Flicker: Interlaced scanning.
v) Fine Structure: Vertical and horizontal resolution.
vi) Tonal Gradation: Picture brightness transfer characteristics of the system.

Discuss Gros structure.

Gros structure: Gros structure is defined as the ratio of geometric form to aspect
ratio of the picture.
What is interlaced scanning and why is it used?
What TV system is used in Bangladesh? Draw the block diagram of basic
monochrome TV transmitter.

Figure: Basic monochrome television transmitter.

What is peak-white level, Dark level and Blanking level on a composite video
signal? Draw a monochrome Composite Video Signal and show only these three
levels.
Explain with figure the total channel bandwidth using Vestigial Lower Sideband
Transmission.

Aspect Ratio:
Width to height ratio of a picture frame is called aspect ratio.