Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Page 37
420617486.xls
Page 38
420617486.xls
Page 39
420617486.xls
Page 40
420617486.xls
Page 41
PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS (TABLE 1)
Element AtomicSymbol Atomic Boiling point Melting point Density ( Heat vapour (
Hydrogen (H) 1 H 1.01 20.46 13.96 71 0.45
Helium (He) 2 He 4 4.26 3.46 126 0.08
Lithium (Li) 3 Li 6.94 1603.16 453.66 530 136.01
Beryllium (Be) 4 Be 9.01 3043.16 1550.16 1850 309.46
Boron (B) 5 B 10.81 2303.16 2340 536.01
Carbon (C) 6 C 12.01 5103.16 4000.16 2260 719.01
Nitrogen (N) 7 N 14.01 77.36 63.16 810 2.79
Oxygen (O) 8 O 16 90.16 54.36 1140 3.41
Fluorine (F) 9 F 19 84.96 53.56 1505 3.16
Neon (Ne) 10 Ne 20.18 27.16 24.56 1200 1.77
Sodium (Na) 11 Na 22.99 1165.16 370.96 970 101.01
Magnesium (Mg) 12 Mg 24.31 1380.16 923.16 1740 136.17
Aluminum (Al) 13 Al 26.98 2723.16 933.16 2700 284.34
Silicon (Si) 14 Si 28.09 2953.16 1683.16 2330 170.02
Phosphorus (P) 15 P 30.98
Sulfur (S) 16 S 32.06 717.76 392.16 2070 12.6
Chlorine (Cl) 17 Cl 35.45 238.46 172.16 1560 10.22
Argon (Ar) 18 Ar 39.95 87.36 83.76 1400 6.53
Potassium (K) 19 K 39.1 1033.16 336.86 860 79.15
Calcium (Ca) 20 Ca 40.08 1713.16 1111.16 1550 153.85
Scandium (Sc) 21 Sc 44.96 3003.16 1812.16 3000 339.2
Titanium (Ti) 22 Ti 47.9 3533.16 1941.16 4510 445.98
Vanadium (V) 23 V 50.94 3723.16 2173.16 6100 443.89
Chromium (Cr) 24 Cr 52 2938.16 2148.16 7190 305.57
Manganese (Mn) 25 Mn 54.94 2423.16 1518.16 7430 224.87
Iron (Fe) 26 Fe 55.85 3273.16 1809.16 7860 354.27
Cobalt (Co) 27 Co 58.93 3173.16 1768.16 8900 389.45
Nickel (Ni) 28 Ni 58.71 3003.16 1726.16 8900 381.07
Copper (Cu) 29 Cu 63.54 2868.16 1356.16 8960 304.86
Zinc (Zn) 30 Zn 65.37 1179.16 692.66 7140 114.74
Gallium (Ga) 31 Ga 69.72 2510.16 302.96 5910
Germanium (Ge) 32 Ge 72.59 3103.16 1210.56 5320 284.76
Arsenic (As) 33 As 74.99 886.16 1090.16 5720 32.45
Selenium (Se) 34 Se 78.96 958.16 490.16 4790 13.99
Bromine (Br) 35 Br 79.91 331.16 265.96 3120 14.99
Krypton (Kr) 36 Kr 83.8 121.16 115.86 2600 9.05
Rubidium (Rb) 37 Rb 85.47 961.16 312.06 1530 75.8
Strontium (Sr) 38 Sr 87.62 1653.16 1041.16 2600 141.54
Yttrium (Y) 39 Y 88.91
Zirconium (Zr) 40 Zr 91.22 3853.16 2125.16 6490 502.51
Niobium (Nb) 41 Nb 92.91 3573.16 2741.16 8400
Molybdenum (Mo) 42 Mo 95.94 5833.16 2883.16 10200 536.01
Technetium (Tc) 43 Tc 96.91
Ruthenium (Ru) 44 Ru 101.07 5173.16 2773.16 12200 619.77
Rhodium (Rh) 45 Rh 102.9 4773.16 2239.16 12400 531.83
Palladium (Pd) 46 Pd 106.4 4253.16 1825.16 12000 376.88
Silver (Ag) 47 Ag 107.87 2483.16 1233.96 10500 254.19
Cadmium (Cd) 48 Cd 112.4 1038.16 594.06 8650 100.08
Indium (In) 49 In 114.82 2273.16 429.36 7310 224.87
Tin (Sn) 50 Sn 118.69 2543.16 505.06 7300 293.13
Antimony (Sb) 51 Sb 121.75 1653.16 903.66 6620 195.14
Tellurium (Te) 52 Te 127.6
Iodine (I) 53 I 126.9 456.16 386.86 4940 21.78
Xenon (Xe) 54 Xe 131.3 165.16 161.26 3060 12.65
Cesium (Cs) 55 Cs 132.9 963.16 301.86 1900 68.26
Barium (Ba) 56 Ba 137.34 1913.16 987.16 3500 149.5
Lanthanum (La) 57 La 138.91 3743.16 1193.16 6170 402.01
Cerium (Ce) 58 Ce 140.12 3741.16 1068.16 6670 397.82
Praseodymium (Pr) 59 Pr 140.91 3400.16 1208.16 6770 330.82
Neodymium (Nd) 60 Nd 144.24 3300.16 1297.16 7000 288.94
Promethium (Pm) 61 Pm 144.91
Samarium (Sm) 62 Sm 150.35 2173.16 1345.16 7540 192.63
Europium (Eu) 63 Eu 151.96 1712.16 1099.16 5260 175.88
Gadolinium (Gd) 64 Gd 157.25 3273.16 1585.16 7890 301.51
Terbium (Tb) 65 Tb 158.92 3073.16 1629.16 8270 293.13
Dysprosium (Dy) 66 Dy 162.5 2873.16 1680.16 8540 280.57
Holmium (Ho) 67 Ho 164.93 2873.16 1734.16 8800 280.57
Erbium (Er) 68 Er 167.26 3173.16 1770.16 9050 280.57
Thulium (Tm) 69 Tm 168.93 2000.16 1818.16 9330 247.07
Ytterbium (Yb) 70 Yb 173.04 1700.16 1097.16 6980 159.13
Lutetium (Lu) 71 Lu 174.97 3600.16 1925.16 9840 376.88
Hafnium (Hf) 72 Hf 178.49 5673.16 2495.16 13100 649.08
Tantalum (Ta) 73 Ta 180.95 5698.16 3269.16 16600 753.77
Wolfram (W) 74 W 183.85 6203.16 3683.16 19300 774.71
Rhenium (Re) 75 Re 186.2 6173.16 3453.16 21000 636.52
Osmium (Os) 76 Os 190.2 5773.16 3273.16 22600 678.39
Iridium (Ir) 77 Ir 192.22
Platinum (Pt) 78 Pt 195.09 4803.16 2042.16 21400 510.89
Gold (Au) 79 Au 196.97 3243.16 1336.16 19300 342.55
Mercury (Hg) 80 Hg 200.59 630.16 234.76 13600 58.21
Thallium (Tl) 81 Tl 204.37 1730.16 576.16 11850 162.48
Lead (Pb) 82 Pb 207.19 1998.16 600.56 11400 176.72
Bismuth (Bi) 83 Bi 208.98 1833.16 544.46 9800 178.81
Polonium (Po) 84 Po 208.98
Astatine (At) 85 At 209.99
Radon (Rn) 86 Rn 222.02
Francium (Fr) 87 Fr 223.02
Radium (Ra) 88 Ra 226 973.16 5000 114.74
Actinium (Ac) 89 Ac 227.03
Thorium (Th) 90 Th 232.04 4123.16 2023.16 11700
Protactinium (Pa) 91 Pa 231.04
Uranium (U) 92 U 238.03 4091.16 1405.16 19070 460.64
Neptunium (Np) 93 Np 237 910.16 19500 394.89
Plutonium (Pu) 94 Pu 242 3508.16 913.16 365.16
Americium (Am) 95 Am 243.06
Curium (Cm) 96 Cm 247.07
Berkelium (Bk) 97 Bk 247.07
Californium (Cf) 98 Cf 251.08
Einsteinium (Es) 99 Es 254.09
Fermium (Fm) 100 Fm 257.1
Mendelevium (Md) 101 Md 257.1
Nobelium (No) 102 No 255.09
Lawrencium (Lr) 103 Lr 256.1
?? (Rf) 104 Rf
?? (Ha) 105 Ha
BLE 1)
Heat fusion (kTh CondSpecific Heat Capacity (J/kg/K)
0.06 0.17 14447.24
0.02 0.13 5234.51
3.02 10.8 71.19 3308.21
11.73 25 159.13 1884.42
22.19 0 1293.97
0.07 23.87 690.95
0.36 0.03 1034.34
0.22 0.03 912.9
0.26 753.77
0.34 0.04
2.6 21.8 134 1235.34
8.96 22.4 159.13 1046.9
10.68 38.2 209.38 900.34
46.48 10 83.75 678.39
25.54 10 238.69
21.78 22 87.94 247.07
16.75 9.3 71.19 242.88
11.31 61.6 410.39 234.51
6.11 14.6 92.13 230.32
3.27 11.1 23.87 238.69
7.2 8.8 67 226.13
19.85 2.6 20.94 205.19
7.83 0 0.42 217.76
2.3 0.04
2.09 5.3 217.76
7.66 1.6 284.76
6.28 1.7 13.82 188.44
5.03 1.3 10.89 175.88
6.7 1.5 11.73 201.01
7.12 1.3 12.98 188.44
10.05
Density
BP (K)
MP (K)
at. wt.
Name
At. #
0
hydrogen 1 H 20.28 13.81 0.0899 1.00797 1 0.32 0.79
helium 2 He 4.216 0.95 0.1785 4.0026 0 0.93 0.49
lithium 3 Li 1615 453.7 0.53 6.941 1 1.23 2.05
beryllium 4 Be 3243 1560 1.85 9.01218 2 0.9 1.4
boron 5 B 4275 2365 2.34 10.811 3 0.82 1.17
carbon 6 C 5100 3825 2.26 12.011 4 0.77 0.91
nitrogen 7 N 77.344 63.15 1.251 14.0067 3 0.75 0.75
oxygen 8 O 90.188 54.8 1.429 15.9994 2 0.73 0.65
fluorine 9 F 85 53.55 1.696 18.9984 1 0.72 0.57
neon 10 Ne 27.1 24.55 0.9 20.1797 0 0.71 0.51
sodium 11 Na 1156 371 0.97 22.98977 1 1.54 2.23
magnesium 12 Mg 1380 922 1.74 24.305 2 1.36 1.72
aluminum 13 Al 2740 933.5 2.7 26.98154 3 1.18 1.62
silicon 14 Si 2630 1683 2.33 28.0855 4 1.11 1.44
phosphorus 15 P 553 317.3 1.82 30.97376 5 1.06 1.23
sulfur 16 S 717.82 392.2 2.07 32.066 6 1.02 1.09
chlorine 17 Cl 239.18 172.17 3.214 35.4527 1 0.99 0.97
argon 18 Ar 87.45 83.95 1.784 39.948 0 0.98 0.88
potassium 19 K 1033 336.8 0.86 39.0983 1 2.03 2.77
calcium 20 Ca 1757 1112 1.55 40.078 2 1.74 2.23
scandium 21 Sc 3109 1814 2.99 44.9559 3 1.44 2.09
titanium 22 Ti 3560 1935 4.54 47.88 4 1.32 2
vanadium 23 V 3650 2163 6.11 50.9415 5 1.22 1.92
chromium 24 Cr 2945 2130 7.19 51.996 3 1.18 1.85
manganese 25 Mn 2235 1518 7.44 54.938 4 1.17 1.79
iron 26 Fe 3023 1808 7.874 55.847 3 1.17 1.72
cobalt 27 Co 3143 1768 8.9 58.9332 2 1.16 1.67
nickel 28 Ni 3005 1726 8.9 58.6934 2 1.15 1.62
copper 29 Cu 2840 1356.6 8.96 63.456 2 1.17 1.57
zinc 30 Zn 1180 692.73 7.13 65.39 2 1.25 1.53
gallium 31 Ga 2478 302.92 5.91 69.723 3 1.26 1.81
germanium 32 Ge 3107 1211.5 5.32 72.61 4 1.22 1.52
arsenic 33 As 876 1090 5.78 74.9216 3 1.2 1.33
selenium 34 Se 958 494 4.79 78.96 4 1.16 1.22
bromine 35 Br 331.85 265.95 3.12 79.904 1 1.14 1.12
krypton 36 Kr 120.85 116 3.75 83.8 0 1.89 1.03
rubidium 37 Rb 961 312.63 1.532 85.4678 1 2.16 2.98
strontium 38 Sr 1655 1042 2.54 87.62 2 1.91 2.45
yttrium 39 Y 3611 1795 4.47 88.9059 3 1.62 2.27
zirconium 40 Zr 4682 2128 6.51 91.224 4 1.45 2.16
niobium 41 Nb 5015 2742 8.57 92.9064 5 1.34 2.08
molybdenum 42 Mo 4912 2896 10.22 95.94 6 1.3 2.01
technetium 43 Tc 4538 2477 11.5 98 7 1.27 1.95
ruthenium 44 Ru 4425 2610 12.37 101.07 3 1.25 1.89
rhodium 45 Rh 3970 2236 12.41 102.9055 3 1.25 1.83
palladium 46 Pd 3240 1825 12 106.42 2 1.28 1.79
silver 47 Ag 2436 1235.08 10.5 107.868 1 1.34 1.75
cadmium 48 Cd 1040 594.26 8.65 112.41 2 1.41 1.71
indium 49 In 2350 429.78 7.31 114.82 3 1.44 2
tin 50 Sn 2876 505.12 7.31 118.71 4 1.41 1.72
antimony 51 Sb 1860 903.91 6.69 121.757 3 1.4 1.53
tellurium 52 Te 1261 722.72 6.24 127.6 4 1.36 1.42
iodine 53 I 457.5 386.7 4.93 126.9045 1 1.33 1.32
xenon 54 Xe 165.1 161.39 5.9 131.29 0 1.31 1.24
cesium 55 Cs 944 301.54 1.87 132.9054 1 2.35 3.34
barium 56 Ba 2078 1002 3.59 137.33 2 1.98 2.76
lanthanum 57 La 3737 1191 6.15 138.9055 3 1.25 2.74
cerium 58 Ce 3715 1071 6.77 140.12 3 1.65 2.7
praseodymium 59 Pr 3785 1204 6.77 140.9077 3 1.65 2.67
neodymium 60 Nd 3347 1294 7.01 144.24 3 1.64 2.64
promethium 61 Pm 3273 1315 7.22 145 3 1.63 2.62
samarium 62 Sm 2067 1347 2.75 150.36 3 1.62 2.59
europium 63 Eu 1800 1095 5.24 151.965 3 1.85 2.56
gadolinium 64 Gd 3545 1585 7.9 157.25 3 1.61 2.54
terbium 65 Tb 3500 1629 8.23 158.9253 3 1.59 2.51
dysprosium 66 Dy 2840 1685 8.55 162.5 3 1.59 2.49
holmium 67 Ho 2968 1747 8.8 164.9303 3 1.58 2.47
erbium 68 Er 3140 1802 9.07 167.26 3 1.57 2.45
thulium 69 Tm 2223 1818 9.32 168.9342 3 1.56 2.42
ytterbium 70 Yb 1469 1092 6.97 173.04 3 1.7 2.4
lutetium 71 Lu 3668 1936 9.84 174.967 3 1.56 2.25
hafnium 72 Hf 4875 2504 13.31 178.49 4 1.44 2.16
tantalum 73 Ta 5730 3293 16.65 180.9479 5 1.34 2.09
tungsten 74 W 5825 3695 19.3 183.85 6 1.3 2.02
rhenium 75 Re 5870 3455 21 186.207 7 1.28 1.97
osmium 76 Os 5300 3300 22.6 190.2 4 1.26 1.92
iridium 77 Ir 4700 2720 22.6 192.22 4 1.27 1.87
platinum 78 Pt 4100 2042.1 21.45 195.08 4 1.3 1.83
gold 79 Au 3130 1337.58 19.3 196.9665 3 1.34 1.79
mercury 80 Hg 629.88 234.31 13.55 200.59 2 1.49 1.76
thallium 81 Tl 1746 577 11.85 204.383 1 1.48 2.08
lead 82 Pb 2023 600.65 11.35 207.2 2 1.47 1.81
bismuth 83 Bi 1837 544.59 9.75 208.9804 3 1.46 1.63
polonium 84 Po 1235 527 9.3 209 4 1.53 1.53
astatine 85 At 610 575 210 1 1.47 1.43
radon 86 Rn 211.4 202 9.73 222 0 1.34
francium 87 Fr 950 300 223 1 2.7
radium 88 Ra 1413 973 5 226.0254 2 2.23
actinium 89 Ac 3470 1324 10.07 227 3 1.88
thorium 90 Th 5060 2028 11.72 232.0381 4 1.65 1.8
protactinium 91 Pa 4300 1845 15.4 231.0359 5 1.61
uranium 92 U 4407 1408 18.95 238.029 6 1.42 1.38
neptunium 93 Np 4175 912 20.2 237.0482 5 1.3
plutonium 94 Pu 3505 913 19.84 244 4 1.08 1.51
americium 95 Am 2880 1449 13.7 243 3 1.84
curium 96 Cm 1620 13.5 247 3
berkelium 97 Bk 1620 14 247 3
californium 98 Cf 1170 251
einsteinium 99 Es 1170 252 3
fermium 100 Fm 1130 257 3
mendelevium 101 Md 1800 258 3
nobelium 102 No 1100 259 3
lawrencium 103 Lr 1900 260 3
rutherfordium 104 Rf 261
hahnium 105 Ha 262
seaborgium 106 Sg 263
hassium 107 Hs 262
bohrium 108 Bh 265
meitnerium 109 Mt 266
ununnilium 110 Uun
Years Since Discovery
electrical conductivity
specific heat capacity
thermal conductivity
Heat of Vaporization
Electro- negativity
heat of fusion
First IP
Family
orbitla
Group
13.598 0.1815 0.0585 0.4581 2.2 253 Hydroge 1 s
24.587 0.152 0.021 0.084 151 Noble ga 18 s
5.392 3.582 84.7 11.7 3 147.1 0.98 202 Alkali M 1 s
9.322 1.825 200 25 11.71 297 1.57 221 Alkaline 2 s
5.298 1.026 27 5E-12 22.6 507.8 2.04 211 Boron 13 p
11.26 0.709 0.07 715 2.55 * Carbon 14 p
14.534 1.042 0.02598 0.36 2.7928 3.04 247 Pnictide 15 p
13.618 0.92 0.2674 0.222 3.4109 3.44 245 Chalcog 16 p
17.422 0.824 0.0279 0.26 3.2698 3.98 153 Halogen 17 p
21.564 1.03 0.0493 0.34 1.77 121 Noble ga 18 p
5.139 1.23 141 20.1 2.601 98.01 0.93 212 Alkali M 1 s
7.646 1.02 156 22.4 8.95 127.6 1.31 211 Alkaline 2 s
5.986 0.9 237 37.7 10.7 290.8 1.61 194 Boron 13 p
8.151 0.7 148 0.0004 50.2 359 1.9 195 Carbon 14
10.486 0.769 0.235 1E-16 0.63 12.4 2.19 350 Pnictide 15 p
10.36 0.71 0.269 5E-16 1.73 10 2.58 * Chalcog 16 p
12.967 0.48 0.0089 3.21 10.2 3.16 245 Halogen 17 p
15.759 0.52 0.0177 1.188 6.506 125 Noble ga 18 p
4.341 0.757 102.5 16.4 2.33 76.9 0.82 212 Alkali M 1 s
6.113 0.647 200 31.3 8.53 154.67 1 211 Alkaline 2 s
6.54 0.568 15.8 1.5 16.11 304.8 1.36 149 Transiti 3 d
6.82 0.523 21.9 2.6 18.6 425.2 1.54 228 Transiti 4 d
6.74 0.489 30.7 4 22.8 446.7 1.63 189 Transiti 5 d
6.766 0.449 93.7 7.9 20 339.5 1.66 222 Transiti 6 d
7.435 0.48 7.82 0.5 14.64 219.74 1.55 245 Transiti 7 d
7.87 0.449 80.2 11.2 13.8 349.5 1.83 * Transiti 8 d
7.86 0.421 100 17.9 16.19 373.3 1.88 284 Transiti 9 d
7.635 0.444 90.7 14.6 17.2 377.5 1.91 268 Transiti 10 d
7.726 0.385 401 60.7 13.14 300.5 1.9 * Transiti 11 d
9.394 0.388 116 16.9 7.38 115.3 1.65 769 Transiti 12 d
5.999 0.371 40.6 1.8 5.59 256.06 1.81 144 Boron 13 p
7.899 0.32 59.9 0.000003 31.8 334.3 2.01 133 Carbon 14 p
9.81 0.33 50 3.8 27.7 32.4 2.16 769 Pnictide 15 p
9.752 0.32 2.04 8 5.54 26.32 2.55 202 Chalcog 16 p
11.814 0.226 0.122 1E-16 5.286 14.725 2.96 193 Halogen 17 p
13.999 0.248 0.00949 1.638 9.029 121 Noble ga 18 p
4.177 0.363 58.2 47.8 2.34 69.2 0.82 158 Alkali M 1 s
5.695 0.3 3.53 5 8.2 136.9 0.95 229 Alkaline 2 s
6.38 0.3 17.2 1.8 17.15 393.3 1.22 191 Transiti 3 d
6.34 0.278 22.7 2.3 21 590.5 1.33 230 Transiti 4 d
6.88 0.265 53.7 6.6 26.9 690.1 1.6 155 Transiti 5 d
7.099 0.25 138 17.3 36 590.4 2.16 237 Transiti 6 d
7.28 0.24 50.6 0.001 23 502 1.9 82 Transiti 7 d
7.37 0.238 117 14.9 25.52 567.77 2.2 175 Transiti 8 d
7.46 0.242 150 23 21.76 495.39 2.28 216 Transiti 9 d
8.34 0.244 71.8 10 16.74 393.3 2.2 216 Transiti 10 d
7.576 0.235 429 62.9 11.3 250.63 1.93 * Transiti 11 d
8.993 0.232 96.8 14.7 6.07 99.87 1.69 202 Transiti 12 d
5.786 0.233 81.6 3.4 3.26 226.335 1.78 95 Boron 13 p
7.344 0.228 66.6 8.7 7.2 290.37 1.96 * Carbon 14 p
8.641 0.207 24.3 2.6 19.83 67.97 2.05 419 Pnictide 15 p
9.009 0.202 2.35 0.0002 17.49 50.63 2.1 237 Chalcog 16 p
10.451 0.145 0.449 1E-11 7.76 20.9 2.66 208 Halogen 17 p
12.13 0.158 0.00569 2.3 12.64 121 Noble ga 18 p
3.894 0.24 35.9 5.3 2.092 67.74 0.79 159 Alkali M 1 s
5.212 0.204 18.4 2.8 8.01 140.2 0.89 211 Alkaline 2 s
5.58 0.19 13.5 1.9 11.3 399.57 1.1 180 Rare Ear 3 d
5.54 0.19 11.4 1.4 9.2 313.8 1.12 216 Rare Ear 3 f
5.46 0.193 12.5 1.5 10.04 332.63 1.13 134 Rare Ear 3 f
5.53 0.19 16.5 1.6 10.88 283.68 1.14 178 Rare Ear 3 f
5.554 17.9 2 1.13 78 Rare Ear 3 f
5.64 0.197 1.3.3 1.1 11.09 191.63 1.17 140 Rare Ear 3 f
5.67 0.182 13.9 1.1 10.46 175.73 1.2 118 Rare Ear 3 f
6.15 0.236 10.6 0.8 15.48 311.71 1.2 133 Rare Ear 3 f
5.86 0.18 11.1 0.9 1.2 176 Rare Ear 3 f
5.94 0.173 10.7 1.1 11.06 230 1.22 133 Rare Ear 3 f
6.018 0.165 16.2 1.1 17.15 251.04 1.23 141 Rare Ear 3 f
6.101 0.168 14.3 1.2 17.15 292.88 1.24 177 Rare Ear 3 f
6.184 0.16 16.8 1.3 16.8 191 1.25 140 Rare Ear 3 f
6.254 0.155 34.9 3.7 7.7 128 1.1 112 Rare Ear 3 f
5.43 0.15 16.4 1.5 18.6 355 1.27 112 Rare Ear 3 d
6.65 0.14 23 3.4 21.76 661.07 1.3 96 Transiti 4 d
7.89 0.14 57.5 8.1 36 737 1.5 217 Transiti 5 d
7.98 0.13 174 18.2 35.4 422.58 2.36 236 Transiti 6 d
7.88 0.137 47.9 5.8 33.05 707.1 1.9 94 Transiti 7 d
8.7 0.13 87.6 12.3 29.29 627.6 2.2 216 Transiti 8 d
9.1 0.13 147 21.3 26.36 563.58 2.2 216 Transiti 9 d
9 0.13 71.6 9.4 19.66 510.45 2.28 284 Transiti 10 d
9.225 0.128 317 48.8 12.36 324.43 2.54 * Transiti 11 d
10.437 0.14 8.34 1 2.292 59.3 2 * Transiti 12 d
6.108 0.129 46.1 5.6 4.27 162.09 2.04 158 Boron 13 p
7.416 0.129 35.3 4.8 4.77 177.9 2.33 * Carbon 14 p
7.289 0.122 7.87 0.9 11 179 2.02 266 Pnictide 15 p
8.42 20 0.7 13 120 2 121 Chalcog 16 p
1.7 12 30 2.2 79 Halogen 17 p
10.748 0.094 0.00364 2.9 16.4 119 Noble ga 18 p
15 2.1 64 0.7 80 Alkali M 1 s
5.279 0.094 18.6 1 8.37 136.82 0.9 121 Alkaline 2 s
5.17 0.12 12 1.1 120 Rare Ear 3 d
6.01 0.113 54 7.1 15.65 543.92 1.3 191 Rare Ear 3 f
5.89 47 5.6 1.5 106 Rare Ear 3 f
6.05 0.12 27.6 3.6 15.48 422.58 1.38 230 Rare Ear 3 f
6.19 6.3 0.8 1.36 79 Rare Ear 3 f
6.06 0.13 6.74 0.7 1.28 79 Rare Ear 3 f
5.993 10 0.7 1.3 75 Rare Ear 3 f
6.02 10 1.3 75 Rare Ear 3 f
6.23 10 1.3 70 Rare Ear 3 f
6.3 10 1.3 69 Rare Ear 3 f
6.42 10 1.3 67 Rare Ear 3 f
6.5 10 1.3 67 Rare Ear 3 f
6.58 10 1.3 64 Rare Ear 3 f
6.65 10 1.3 61 Rare Ear 3 f
10 58 Rare Ear 3 d
55 Transiti 4 d
52 Transiti 5 d
45 Transiti 6 d
43 Transiti 7 d
Transiti 8 d
37 Transiti 9 d
Transiti 10 d
2nd most stable oxidation state
length of name
mg/L seawater
mg/kg crust
M 1.40E+03 1.08E+05 1.00E+01 8
N 8.00E-03 7.00E-16 6
M 2.00E+01 1.80E-01 7
M 2.80E+00 5.60E-06 9
N 1.00E+01 4.44E+00 7.00E-05 5
N 2 2.00E+02 2.80E+01 2.30E+01 6
N 5 4 2 1.90E+01 5.00E+01 2.60E+00 8
N 4.61E+05 8.57E+05 6.10E+01 6
N 5.85E+02 1.30E+00 3.30E-03 8
N 5.00E-03 1.20E-04 4
M 2.36E-04 1.08E+04 1.40E-01 6
M 2.33E+04 1.29E+03 2.70E-02 9
M 8.23E+04 2.00E-03 9.00E-05 8
N 2 2.82E+05 2.20E+00 2.60E-02 7
N 5 4 1.05E+03 6.00E-02 1.10E+00 10
N 4 6 3.50E+02 9.05E+02 2.00E-01 6
N 3 5 7 1.45E+02 1.94E+04 1.20E-01 8
N 3.50E+00 4.50E-01 5
M 2.09E+04 3.99E+02 2.00E-01 9
M 4.15E+04 4.12E+02 1.40E+00 7
M 2.20E+01 6.00E-07 8
M 3 5.65E+03 1.00E-03 8
M 4 3 2 1.20E+02 2.50E-03 8
M 6 2 1.02E+02 3.00E-04 3.00E-06 8
M 2 7 6 9.50E+02 2.00E-04 2.00E-05 9
M 3 5.63E+04 2.00E-03 6.00E-03 4
M 3 2.50E+01 2.00E-05 2.00E-06 6
M 3 8.40E+01 5.60E-14 1.00E-05 6
M 1 6.00E+01 2.50E-14 1.00E-04 6
M 7.00E+01 4.90E-03 3.30E-03 4
M 1.90E+01 3.00E-05 7
M 1.50E+00 5.00E-05 9
N 5 1.80E+00 3.70E-03 7
N -2 6 5.00E-02 2.00E-04 8
N 5 7 2.40E+00 6.73E+01 2.90E-04 7
N 2 1.00E-04 2.10E-04 7
M 9.00E+01 1.20E-01 4.60E-04 8
M 3.70E+02 7.20E+00 4.60E-04 9
M 3.30E+01 1.30E-05 7
M 1.65E+02 3.00E-05 9
M 3 2.00E+01 1.00E-05 7
M 5 4 3 1.20E+00 1.00E-02 1.00E-05 10
M 10
M 4 2 6 1.00E-03 7.00E-07 9
M 2 4 1.00E-03 7
M 4 1.50E-02 9
M 7.50E-02 4.00E-05 6
M 1.50E-01 1.10E-04 7.00E-05 7
M 2.50E-01 2.00E-03 6
M 2 2.30E+00 4.00E-06 2.00E-05 3
M 5 2.00E-01 2.40E-04 8
N -2 6 1.00E-03 9
N 5 7 4.50E-01 6.00E-02 2.00E-05 6
N 2 4 6 3.00E-05 5.00E-05 5
M 3.00E+00 3.00E-04 2.00E-06 6
M 4.25E+02 1.30E-02 3.00E-05 6
M 3.90E+01 3.40E-06 9
M 4 6.65E+01 1.20E-06 6
M 4 9.20E+00 6.40E-07 12
M 4.15E+01 2.80E-06 9
M 10
M 2 7.05E+00 4.50E-07 8
M 2 2.00E+00 1.30E-07 8
M 6.20E+00 7.00E-07 10
M 4 1.20E+00 1.40E-07 7
M 5.20E+00 9.10E-07 10
M 1.30E+00 2.20E-07 7
M 3.50E+00 8.70E-07 6
M 2 5.20E-01 1.70E-07 7
M 2 3.20E+00 8.20E-07 9
M 8.00E-01 1.50E-07 8
M 3.00E+00 7.00E-06 7
M 2.00E+00 2.00E-06 8
M 5 4 3 1.25E+00 1.00E-04 8
M 4 6 2 7.00E-04 4.00E-06 7
M 3 6 8 1.50E-03 6
M 2 3 6 1.00E-03 7
M 2 5.00E-03 8
M 1 4.00E-03 4.00E-03 1.00E-05 4
M 1 8.50E-02 3.00E-05 7
M 3 8.50E-01 1.90E-05 8
M 4 1.40E-01 3.00E-05 1.70E-04 4
M 5 8.50E-03 2.00E-05 7
M 2 6 2.00E-10 1.40E-14 8
N 3 5 7 8
N 2 4.00E-13 6.00E-16 5
M 8
M 9.00E-07 8.90E-11 6
M 5.50E-10 8
M 9.60E+00 1.00E-06 7
M 4 1.40E-06 5.00E-11 12
M 5 4 3 2.70E+00 3.20E-03 1.00E-07 7
M 6 4 3 9
M 6 5 3 9
M 6 5 4 9
M 6
M 4 9
M 11
M 11
M 7
M 11
M 2 8
M 10
M 13
M 7
M 10
M 7
M 7
M 10
M 10
I Periodic Table Of Elements XVIII
1 2
Atomic Number
H The Atomic Number = the # of 38 Element Symbol He
1 1.008
Hydrogen
1 II
protons an atom has.
Sr One or two letter symbol used to
identify the element.
XIII XIV XV XVI XVII
4.003
Helium
2
3 4 Element Name 87.62 Atomic Mass 5 6 7 8 9 10
This is the name of the element.
Li Be Strontium The Atomic Mass = average mass B C N O F Ne
2 6.941 9.012
of an element's atom. We also
10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.18
Lithium Beryllium
2, 8, 18, 8, 2 use it to find the # of neutrons an
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Flourine Neon
2, 1 2, 2
atom has. Protons + neutrons = 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6 2, 7 2, 8
Electron Configuration atomic mass. Atomic Mass -
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Each # shows how many electrons fit in the energy Atomic # = # of neutrons.
Na Mg level. To find the total # of electrons add up the Al Si P S Cl Ar
3 22.99 24.305 numbers. 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.948
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorous Sulfur Chlorine Argon
2, 8, 1 2, 8, 2 III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 2, 8, 3 2, 8, 4 2, 8, 5 2, 8, 6 2, 8, 7 2, 8, 8
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
4 39.098 40.078 44.956 47.88 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.847 58.933 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.8
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
2, 8, 8, 1 2, 8, 8, 2 2, 8, 9, 2 2, 8, 10, 2 2, 8, 11, 2 2, 8, 13, 1 2, 8, 13, 2 2, 8, 14, 2 2, 8, 15, 2 2, 8, 16, 2 2, 8, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 2 2, 8, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
5 85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.906 106.42 107.868 112.411 114.818 118.71 121.75 127.6 126.904 131.29
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
2, 8, 18, 8, 1 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 2, 8, 18, 14, 1 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 0 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 2, 4, 18, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
6 132.905 137.327 180.948 180.948 183.85 186.207 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.967 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uum Uuu Uub
7 (223) 226.025 (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (269) (272) (272) Gas Liquid Solid
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Ununnillum Unununium Ununbium
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2, 8,18, 32, 32, 10, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32,
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2
1 2 2 11, 2 13, 2 14, 2 15, 2 17, 1 18, 1 18, 2
Legend 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Non-Metal La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Alkali Metals 138.906 140.115 140.908 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.965 157.25 158.925 162.5 164.93 167.26 168.934 173.04 174.967
Alkaline Earth Metals Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Transition Metals 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
Other Metals 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Metalloids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Halogen 227.028 232.038 231.036 238.029 237.048 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
Noble Gases Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 23, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 26, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2, 8, 2, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9,
Rare Earth 2 10, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8, 2 2
The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table (formerly known as group IA), are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one
electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile,
and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Alkali
metals can explode if they are exposed to water.
The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them
very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and
conduct electricity and heat. The interesting thing about transition metals is that their valence electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with other elements, are present
in more than one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. There are three noteworthy elements in the transition metals family. These
elements are iron, cobalt, and nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.
The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. While these elements are ductile and malleable, they are not the same as the transition
elements. These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these
elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, ±4, and -3.
Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border
between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals.
Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property
makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators.
Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic
elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such
as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2.
The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 7 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called
"salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter: solid,
liquid, and gas.
The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0
prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others),
making them stable.
The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are
called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made. All of the rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the 6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth
Elements are made up of two series of elements, the Lanthanide and Actinide Series.
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.906 140.115 140.908 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.965 157.25 158.925 162.5 164.93 167.26 168.934 173.04 174.967
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2