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UPS Battery Sizing 


By Steven McFadyen (/users/steven)on April 8th, 2012

Various techniques exist to enable the correct selection of batteries for UPS applications. The procedure described below is
one of the more common. It is also possible to use the IEEE 485 method (see link at the bottom of the page).

Contents [hide]
1. Battery Types
2. Battery Sizing
1. Watts per cell method
2. Robotics - Home Innovations
3. (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/212/robotics-
4. Amperes per cell home-innovations)
3. Battery Charger Sizing We have a sister note to this (Robots - Interesting Video), in
4. See Also which I have posted some videos of interesting robots
developed by commercial corporations...

Lead Acid Batteries


Battery Types (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/116/effect-of-
temperature-on-lead-batteries)
Typically the following battery types are used in UPS systems: Lead acid batteries are cost effect and reliable, making
them suitable for many applications.This note examines
Lead Acid/Plante Battery topics of interest associated with the...
Lead Acid/Antimony Battery
Lead Acid/Calcium Battery Material Properties
Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Liquid Electrolyte Battery (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/177/material-
Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery properties)
Lead Acid (Special Alloy), Suspended Electrolyte, Maintenance-free, Sealed Battery Everything physical in electrical engineering from insulations
Nickel Cadmium, Pocket Plate Liquid Electrolyte Battery to conductors revolves around materials. Here we are listing
common materials along with...

Battery Sizing Understanding Circuit Breaker Markings


(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/108/understanding-
circuit-breaker-markings)
Example of UPS battery sizing
IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the
marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following
Select the battery model number and quantity (using the typical watts per cell table) for a 300 kVA UPS, 94% efficiency,
this standard should comply with the...
power factor of 0.8, for a backup time of 15 minutes.

Batteries
The UPS battery bus voltage is 480 V. The typical table is for 12 V batteries (six cells of 2 V each).
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/165/batteries)
A battery consists of one or more cells, each of which use
Quantity of batteries per bank = 480/12 = 40 batteries
stored chemical energy to produce electrical energy, There
are many types of cells and these...
Number of cells per bank = 40 x 6 = 240 cells

What does N+1 mean?


(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/102/what-does-
n-1-mean)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image42_2.png)

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1/24/2019 UPS Battery Sizing

Looking at the capacity, we see that the required watt/cell is too much for one bank. However, various options are The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that
available, for example if we decided to use three banks in parallel: if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work,
you would have one additional...
watt/cell (three banks in parallel) = 1063/3 = 354
- select a S12V370(F) battery International System of Units (SI System)
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/167/international-
Total number of batteries required system-of-units-si-system)
= 40 (per bank) x 3 (banks) = 120 The International System of Units (abbreviated SI) is the
world's most widely used system of units. The system
consists of a set of units and prefixes...
Manufacturers provide sizing information for their batteries. Generally this information assumes a room temperature of 25oC.
Batteries which will be operated at different temperatures continuously should be calculated specifically for that temperature. What is a rectifier transformer?
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/121/what-is-a-
Batteries are generally sized using [Watts] per cell or on [Ampere] per cell. rectifier-transformer)
I've recently come across this question a couple times
browsing the internet. Decided to give a quick answer here.
Watts per cell method
A rectifier transformer is a transformer...

Normally information supplied for lead acid batteries designed for short discharge times (5-120 minutes) is in the form of
Switchboard - Forms of Internal Separation
kilowatts per cell tabulated for various back-up times. The required [Watts] per cell are given by:
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/120/switchboard-
forms-of-internal-separation)
IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies', specifies standard arrangements of
switchboard (call forms of internal separation). The...
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-
Sizing_E56B/Image%20%5B4%5D_4.png) Cold Fusion (or not?)
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/68/cold-fusion-
Where: or-not)
VA = VA of the load Recently I have seen a few interesting articles on viable
pf = power factor cold fusion; the combining of atoms at room like
η = efficiency of the UPS temperatures to create boundless energy. Now...
N = Number of cells
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in VA)

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/UPSBatterySizing_DDD4/0830_BatteryWatts_2_2.jpg)
Typical Performance Specification (Amperes per Cell @25 °C)

Amperes per cell

Average Battery Voltage

Battery voltage varies in use - staring high and then decreasing to it's end of discharge voltage. Taking into account
this variation, makes calculation more complicated.

More often, an average voltage value is taken and calculations based on this.

If unsure about what the average value to use, then the end of discharge voltage could be used (as this is on the safe
side).

Long term discharge lead acid batteries and most nickel cadmium batteries are sized using charts expressed in available
amps for specified periods of time. The required [Amperes] per cell is:

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(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-
Sizing_E56B/image38_2.png)

Where:
VA = VA of the load
pf = power factor
η = efficiency of the UPS inverter (dc to ac)
Vdc = Average Discharge Voltage
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in A)

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/UPSBatterySizing_DDD4/2474_BatteryAmps_2_2.jpg)
Typical Performance Specification (Amperes per Cell @25 °C)

Battery Charger Sizing


In general, a short term discharge battery can be recharged to 85% capacity in 8-10 times the discharge time. A long term
discharge battery can be recharged to 85% capacity in a minimum of 8 hours provided the charger is sized properly.

Assuming the UPS is float charging, the following charging current Ic is required:

Given:

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image40_2.png)
and

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image41_2.png)

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image39_2.png)

Where:
Ic = Charging current
IB = Battery current required
Td = Battery discharge (run) time
k = Safety factor (typically 1.5)
Tr = Battery recharge time
Ii = Inverter current required
Ia = Any additional load in (A)

See Also
IEEE 485 Battery Sizing (http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/163/battery-sizing)

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Batteries (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/batteries), UPS (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/ups), Equipment Sizing


(https://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=equipment+sizing), Equipment (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/equipment), Lead
Acid (https://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=lead+acid)

More interesting Notes:


Batteries (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/165/batteries)
Battery Sizing (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/163/battery-sizing)
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/227/ups-uninterruptible-power-supply)
Cable Sizing Tool (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/182/cable-sizing-tool)
Lead Acid Batteries (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/116/effect-of-temperature-on-lead-batteries)
Steven McFadyen (/users/steven)
Steven has over twenty five years experience working on some of the largest construction projects. He
has a deep technical understanding of electrical engineering and is keen to share this knowledge.
About the author

(/users/steven)

(http://myelectricalengineering.co.uk)

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Jeen Projees • 2 years ago


Hi Mr Steven,

i need one help from you regarding UPS system. [ calculation of battery Ah selection, no of battery
]

We bought 250kva UPS 380/220V , 60HZ , 15 minutes backup.


this ups contain 92 pcs 12V, 92.8Ah battery. can you plz clarify[ by formula] that how they chose
92.8Ah battery and 92 pcs of battery.

Regards
Jeen
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›

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