DESIGN REPORT

ON SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN

FOR

-------------------------------

Feb /2017
 Sanitary Design Report

Table of contents

1.0 BASIC DATA ............................................................................................... 2

1.1 LOCATION ...................................................................................................... 2
1.2 SITE CONDITION ............................................................................................ 2
1.3 DESIGN DATA ................................................................................................ 2
1.3.1 Population .............................................................................................. 2
1.3.2 Water Demand ....................................................................................... 2
1.3.3 Waste Water Production ........................................................................ 2
1.3.4 Plumbing System .................................................................................... 3
1.3.5 Availability of Pipe Materials ................................................................ 3
1.3.6 Waste Treatment and Disposal System .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.0 THE DESIGN............................................................................................... 4
2.1 WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................. 4
2.1.1 Source .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Storage ................................................................................................... 4
2.1.3 Distribution ............................................................................................ 4
2.2 WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM................................ 6
2.2.1 Source .................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Sewer Line .............................................................................................. 6
2.2.3 Vents ....................................................................................................... 7
2.2.4 Disposal ................................................................................................. 8
2.3 STORM WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL .............................................. 8
2.3.1 Source .................................................................................................... 8
2.3.2 Drainage Lines....................................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Disposal ............................................................................................... 10

1
1.0 BASIC DATA

1.1 Location

The project site is in amhara region molale. So that is expected to have

adequate water supply system and sewerage or Waste disposal system, as a
benefit from the existing &/ or proposed city infrastructure.

1.2 Site Condition

The project site is generally flat condition.

1.3 Design Data

1.3.1 Population

The population of the caption project, being Residence, is estimated based on

the services in it.

Table 1

No/ Room type ♯ of units ♯ of users per unit ♯ of users, total

1 office 6 3 18

2 factory 4 25 100

Total population (P) of the project 118

1.3.2 Water Demand

Water demand of the project has been established on the basis per capita (q)
demand for Users, taken from code of standards.

Table 2
No/ Room type ♯ of users
Daily demand Total demand
Per capita (q) (Q)
1 office 18 35 630
1 factory 100 50 5000
Total Daily water Demand (Q) of the project 5630 litters

1.3.3 Waste Water Production

The main sources of waste water are sanitary facilities within the Building.
The quantity of liquid waste produced is estimated on basis of type of sanitary
fixtures, safety and economical simultaneity factors.

2
1.3.4 Plumbing System

Standard and common engineering practices have been used in determining

the plumbing system lay out, to meet the following merits:

 Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.

 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage

 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air

 Accessibility for installation, inspection and maintenance.

1.3.5 Availability of Pipe Materials

The available water supply piping materials in the local market are galvanized
steel, HDPE compression pipes, UPVC, the PP-R pipes, including respective
fittings. UPVC, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and concrete pipes are the major
available materials for sewerage. The design, therefore, envisages the use of
PP-R pipes for internal conveying of water supply, and for waste water
drainage systems, UPVC drainage pipes are recommended.

1.3.6 WASTE WATER Collection Treatment and Disposal System

The sewer System have been arranged to meet the Design Standards:

 Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.

 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage

 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air

 Accessibility for installation inspection and maintenance.

A new expansion of the municipal sewer line is expected nearby, which will
be the destination for the waste disposal system of the project; and septic
tank is proposed as a temporary solution.

3
2.0 THE DESIGN

2.1 Water Supply

2.1.1 Source

As it is assumed that potable water supply by the Municipality is dependable,

there was no need for locating or investigating for an independent source of
potable water.

2.1.2 Storage

As a safeguard against interruption and resolution for any fluctuation of water

supply, provision of water reservoir is mandatory. This must be adequate
enough to meet the water requirement, at least, for twenty-four hours. An
elevated water tank over roof systems, facilitate the gravity distribution of
water to sanitary units in all floors evenly.

2.1.3 Distribution

The water requirement/ water demand of the building was calculated by

assigning specific load values from Codes of Standard (EBCS-9) to all fixtures
in order to achieve economy in selecting pipe sizes and to ensure adequate
supply to all fixtures at all times.

A. PIPE SIZING: sizes of pipes are determined from monographs, charts

and/or tables based on fixture loading units and Hazen William's formula,
namely V= 0.85cR 0.63 S 0.54

A1. Pipe Sizing in Buildings: This was performed on basis of load values of
sanitary appliances under consideration and was taken from standards.

The determination and selection of each pipe section is based on the water
flow in each pipe section, as directed from the water flow required at each
fixture draw-off points.

Table 3: Flow Required for Various Fixtures at Draw-off Points

Discharge at draw-off Points

Fixture Type (q) in l/s
Hand wash basin (HWB) 0.125
Water closet (WC) 0.100
Kitchen Sink (Ks) 0.250
Shower (Sh) 0.250
Water heater (WH) 0.200

4
 The above water flow from each fixture is used to calculate the design flow, or
the total simultaneous demand in each pipe section by taking into account
simultaneity coefficient.

Qd =kxq
Where:
Qd = Design Flow (l/s)
k = 1/(n-1) 0.5 = probable simultaneity coefficient
n = number of fixture (n> 2)
q = discharge at draw-off points (l/s)

The flow velocity range was also considered where a minimum of 0.6 m/s and
maximum of 2.0 m/s was used for convenience of the water flow; i.e no
excessive friction loss, no noise disturbance and no stagnation of flow occur.

A sample pipe sizing calculation for a common toilet, riser diagram, is shown
in tabular form, and the schematic diagram is presented in the following page.

In Table 4: V = velocity of flow (m/s)

A = area of pipe size (m2)
I = unit head loss (m/m)
L = pipe length (m)
HI = IxL (m)
hf = total head loss (m)

Table 4: Pipe Sizing of Common Toilet at floor

Section n q (l/s) k Q(l/s) d(mm) A(m2) V(m/s) I(m/m) L(m) Hl(m)
a 1 0.1 1 0.25 20 0.000314 0.80 0.034 1.68 0.06
b 3 0.2 0.71 0.49 20 0.000314 1.58 0.050 0.2 0.01
c 4 0.125 0.58 0.46 20 0.000314 1.47 0.048 0.24 0.01
d 5 0.325 0.50 0.46 25 0.000491 0.94 0.038 0.44 0.02
hf 0.12

The same procedure, as shown above, have been adopted for each sub-main
supply pipe, and the sizes of all branch pipes are similarly determined and
shown on floor plans and riser diagrams.

5
 Water Supply Pipe Line
Schematically Diagram

UR

Ø20
a b d
WC
Ø25

Ø20
HW
c

A2. Rising Main Pipe: This is a pipe feeding the elevated/ roof water tank
where its size was determined from the volume of the elevated water
tank in respect to pumping period to fill it.

B. Roof Mounted Water Tank Sizes:

Roof water tank provision is selected based on the fact that any cut-off in the
main distribution system may interrupt, or seriously affect, the proper
functions of the buildings.

Roof water tank sizes are determined from the daily water requirement for
sanitary units located in the building or the population being served. Assuming
two day interruption of supply:

Therefore, provide one horizontal type fiberglass water tanks with volume of
10,000 liters.

WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

2.2.1 Source

The main sources of waste water are the bathing, toilet, laundry, kitchen and
other sanitary facilities within and outside the blocks. The rate of wastewater
production is established on the basis of standard engineering practices.

2.2.2 Sewer Line

The appropriate sewer pipe material and size, and system layouts have
been selected & arranged in such a way that :

6
 A. Pipe Layout
The sewer System have been arranged to meet the Design Standards:
 Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.
 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage
 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air
 Accessibility for installation inspection and maintenance.

B. Material Selection





C. PIPE SIZING:

Pipe size is determined based on fixture type, size of outlet and

quality(nature) and quantity of waste flow, as well as using Nomograms and
tables which are prepared based on FIXTURE UNIT VALUES of the Sanitary
appliances under consideration.

 All block internal sewer lines, the horizontal branches and vertical
stacks are of PVC pipes. .

 The external sewer lines shall be of UPVC pipes of suitable size and
quality, with manholes at every change of direction or invert elevation,
branching/joining points.

D. Vents

Since waste water flow during flushing a fixture or group of them, tends to
loosen the water seal of fixtures at upstream and create an access to the foul
gases to escape into the rooms, vent pipes are provided to lead such foul
gases in the drainage system to the external of the building, above the roof
terminal, thereby maintaining atmospheric pressure in the system that is
reducing air turbulence.

A stack vent, which is an extension part of the vertical stack collecting soil and
waste water products down to the ground floor, is extended up through the
roofing system to the exterior of the building and terminates with a vent cap,
mostly at 30cm above the roof terminal.

7
2.2.3 Disposal

A new expansion of the municipal sewer line is expected nearby,

which will be the destination for the waste disposal system of the
project; and septic tank is proposed as a temporary solution.

2.2.4 Capacity Determination

STv = Lv + Sv Where, STv = Septic Tank Volume

Lv = Liquid Volume
Sv = Sludge Volume
Lv = WC x Td Where, WC = Day water Consumption
Td = Detention time (2 day)
WC =5,630Liters /day (see water consumption determination)
Lv = 5,630 Liters /day x 2 days = 11,260 Liter =11.26m3
Sv = P x 0.15 x DP/1000 Where, P= Population
DP = Dislodging period (Assume 8 Years)
P= 118 Persons. (Resident)
Sv = (118 x 0.15 x 365 x 4/1000)
= 25.842m3
Thus, STV = 11.26 + 25.842
= 37.102m3
Therefore use 40m3 capacity septic tanks for each position according to the
location shown on the site layout

2.2 Water Proofing Works:-

All wet rooms, balconies, flat roofs, & concrete gutters Basement retaining
walls shall be made water tight with water proofing treatment .

2.3 STORM WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

2.3.1 Source

The main sources of storm water are the roof of the blocks, parking areas
access roads and other pavements, and greeneries.

8
2.3.2 Drainage Lines

Ditches, Crossing Pipes, outfall systems are selected taking into account
ease of flow, provision of adequate gradients to develop silt dragging velocity.

2.3.3 Sizing of Drainage Lines

Sizing of Drainage System requires the quantity of flow produced in the
catchment under consideration. To calculate flow rate from Catchment under
consideration, Rational method is adopted. Rational formula is better to
estimate flow of catchment areas less than 50ha (5km²). The rational formula
estimates the peak rate of any location in catchment areas as a function of
the catchment's area, run-off coefficient, and mean rainfall intensity for
duration equal to the time of concentration.

The rate of run-off Q (l/s) can be calculated by the following equation

Q = CIAc
Where,
Ac = is the catchment area under consideration
I = is rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
C = Rational coefficient related to surface conditions.

N.B ''I'' is taken to be 75mm/hr for roof runoff and 50mm/hr for site work
analysis. The data is adopted from a study document entitled "Action
Plan for Flood Control and Drainage of Bahirdar Town May 2002”
Prepared By Metaferia Consulting Engineers PLC.

a. Sizing Gutters and Down Pipes: The size of gutters and down pipes
are determined and checked against the formula adopted from Building
Research Establishment Digest 189, Part 2.

Q = [A03 /B x 10-4 (l/s)]

H0 = A0, Hd =2H0 + Free board (taking into account force flow)

Where
Q = roof run off = CIAe (l/s)
3600N
C = Rational coefficient (C=1 for impervious surfaces)
N = Number of assumed down pipes.
Ao = x - Sectional area of flow at out let
B = Gutter width

9
 Ho = depth of flow at outlet
Hd = Designed gutter depth

b. Sizing compound Storm Runoff Drainage System

 Outfall will be the nearby system found downstream, at the North –west
of the project site.

Size of the channel is analyzed using the Chezy formula:

V= C(mi)1/2

Where – C = Chezy constant

V = flow Velocity

m = Hydraulic mean Depth

I = inclination or Fall

Metal or concrete grill covers are to be provided at entrances and pavements.

2.5. Disposal

The nearby road side drainage system will be the outfall of the caption project.

10
Bibliography

1. Ethiopian Building Code of Standard (EBCS 9)

2. Technical Briefs on Health, Water and Sanitation by John Picck Ford.

Intermediate Technology Publications, 1991.

3. Water Supply and Sewerage, E.W. Steel and Tenenced Mc Ghee, Mc

Grew Hill, 1997

4. Civil Engineering Hand Book, Leonard Church Urguhart, 4th edition

Mc Grew Hill, Book Company

5. Standard Hand Book of Civil Engineering.

6. Gurcharan Singh, Standard Publishers Distributers.

11