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A national survey published on Tuesday shows that most Muslim teachers in Indonesia are intolerant
of other religions and highly prone to radicalization. (JG Photo/Yudha Baskoro)

Nearly 6 in 10 Indonesian Muslim Teachers Intolerant; Many Vilify Modern

Science: Survey
OCTOBER 18, 2018

Jakarta. Most Muslim teachers in Indonesia are intolerant of other religions and highly prone
to radicalization, a recent survey showed.
The results of a national survey by Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University's Center for
the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM), published on Tuesday, show that nearly 60 percent of
Muslim teachers are intolerant, while about 46 percent had radical leanings.

The PPIM conducted the survey between Aug. 6 and Sept. 6, randomly sampling 2,237
Muslim teachers from regular and Islamic schools across the country. Respondents were
given an implicit bias test consisting of computer-assisted questionnaires that measured their
levels of intolerance and radicalism.

The center reported a 2.07 percent margin of error and a confidence level of 95 percent.

The PPIM drew its conclusions from answers to several implicit bias questions that reflected
intolerant attitudes and radical tendencies among teachers.

When asked about non-Muslims building faith-based schools in their areas, 56 percent
indicated that they did not approve. Nearly 30 percent meanwhile said they were ready to
wage jihad to establish an Islamic caliphate in Indonesia.

When given the opportunity, around 27 percent of teachers expressed a desire to encourage
others to join the fight to establish a caliphate, while 13.3 percent said they would attack
members of the police if they tried to arrest those fighting for a caliphate.

The survey coordinator, Yunita Faela Nisa, highlighted how teachers greatly influence
students' values.

"From our previous survey in 2017, we've seen the significant influence of teaching methods,
and how school experiences greatly impact the values held by students when it comes to
intolerance," Yunita said.

In a similar survey conducted among students last year, the PPIM found that nearly 60
percent of those in high schools and universities held radical views based on religion.

The result of another survey by the Mata Air Foundation and the Alvara Research Center,
which was released in November last year, also showed that nearly 20 percent of students
support the idea that Indonesia should become a caliphate.

According to Yunita, students discuss matters related to faith not only with their religious
teachers, but also with other teachers.

PPIM executive director Saiful Umam said several key issues contribute to the high level of
intolerance and radicalism among teachers.

"We found three things that strongly correlate with these high levels of intolerance and
radicalism among teachers: their views on Islamism, demography and their involvement in
mass organizations, both during college and at present," Saiful said, noting the difference
between Islamism and Islamic views.

He said Islamism refers to a more fundamental movement that often calls for full
implementation of shariah.
 The survey found that nearly 83 percent of teachers agreed that Islam was the only solution
to all kinds of problems facing society, while about 40 percent said the Koran contained
sufficient knowledge and that Muslims thus do not need to learn from Western-sourced texts.

Moreover, those teaching language, sports, arts and crafts, tended to me more intolerant and
radical, compared with those teaching other subjects.

The survey also showed a correlation between income and radicalism, with those earning
less tending to be more radical.

The PPIM recommends, in addition to better salaries, an increase in diversity-oriented

programs to give teachers more experience, and greater access to empowering institutions
as part of efforts to curb growing intolerance and radicalism.

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