— TaAWPLE La Foe ey eee ae renee en ee eae Cia eee ea eee rani ie ts ea pend U an ic mean of ats cere ore Seutin eee eee ee pee eae eer arene Teed ero Ya aja 0 413 220fe=4119 9 SSaA EXAMPLE 1.2 A quantity of carbon dioxide undergoes an isentropic process. Initially the pressure 'P) = 120 KPa andthe temperature 7; = 120°C. Finally, al the end of the process, the pressure ‘P2= 100KPa, Determine the final temperature T b. Heat is now supplied to the gas at constant volume and the temperature rises 10 200°C. Determine how much heat is supplied per unit mass of the gas, the final pressure, and the specific entropy increase ofthe gas due to the heat transfer. Consider CO> to be a perfet gas with R = 189.J/kg K and = 1.30 Solution 4. From Bg, (131), with sy=5, Gyl(Ta/T;) = Rinkp2/p) fom which you ean find: nee b. Applying the frst law of thermodynamics to a system, 13.106): 193 x 0.9588 =3768 K Q~ AU ~ GAT, Ty 473K £.0~ C40, —T)~ > -1) ee 1.8 The thermodynamic properties of fluids 17 189, 73 (52) = 606 I kg, Av constant volume, from worn, aT py -109x 43 = mont, BaP p= 100% or = 1255 kPa “The increase in entropy, fom Eg. (1.31) is given by: (a) -*™G) - Bien) -*™(F) 142.9 J/kg K= eSsSsSsSssssHeseFe EXAMPLE 1.3 [Air flows adiabatically and at high subsonic speed through a duct. At a station which we will call A, flow measurements indicate that the velocity cis 280 mis, the static temperature T is 315K and the static pressure py is 180KPa Determine the values of the stagnation Aemperature Taq. the Mach number My the stagnation pressure py, and the stagnation density ‘oy. I the duct cross-sectional area is 0.1 m?, calculate the air mass flow rate. For air take 287 J/kg Kandy = 14 Solution From Fa. (1.348) From Fg. (1.33) From Bg, (1.36) eT ———— 1.10 Compressible flow relations for perfect gases. 21 From 4, (1.38) 1 where y= 2A = 1,991 kg/m? Pun Pa 00> jar 0k “Pay =252 kg/m Here, it will be obvious that the stagnation density can be evaluated more direlly using the 8s law = PY oa sakg/m? Pon = fi = 252g) ‘There are also two ways to evaluate the air mass flow rate, Using Eq. (1.8) f= paca = 1990.1 X 250 = 49.8 ke/s Alternat [Note that Appendix C includes tabulated results for Eas. (1.24), (1.36), (1.38), and (1.29)