A.

Analysis
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of the reaction
quotient when the reaction has reached equilibrium (Rochman, 2004). If the equilibrium
constant (Kc) is small (Kc <1), it means that in the equilibrium state, the product
concentration is small, so the equilibrium constant is also small, it shows the back and forth
reaction is not going well. If the large equilibrium constant (Kc) (Kc> 1) means that in a
state of equilibrium the concentration of the reactants is small, so the price of large
equilibrium constants indicates that the reaction is going back and forth well. In this
experiment, there will be determination of the etherization reaction of esterification
between acetic acid and ethanol by titration method. The value of Kc in esterification
constant equilibrium based on the theory is 4,2 x 10-2 (Petrucci, 2005). The purpose of this
experiment is to know the equilibrium constant for a reaction and observe that
equilibrium constant not depend on initially concentration.
First step of this experiment is prepared 4 Erlenmeyer, each Erlenmeyer labeled
sequentially as “I”, “II”, “III” and “IV”. Erlenmeyer “I” added with 5 mL HCl (colorless
solution), then added with 1 mL ethanol (colorless solution), after that added with 4 mL
CH3COOH (colorless solution) using volumetric pipette, no color changes during this
process. The Erlenmeyer closed tightly and stored for about 3 days. The same treatment is
also done for Erlenmeyer “II”, “III” and “IV”, but with different composition. Erlenmeyer
“II” with composition 5 mL HCl, 2 mL ethanol and 3 mL CH3COOH. Erlenmeyer “III”
with composition 5 mL HCl, 3 mL ethanol and 2 mL CH3COOH. Erlenmeyer “IV” with
composition 5 mL HCl, 1 mL ethanol and 4 mL CH3COOH. Function. Erlenmeyer is tightly
closed on the grounds that the equilibrium reaction (reversible reaction) requires the system
to be closed (Keenan 1991). The other function is avoiding Ethanol to evaporate. Storage
in a closed system also to maintain the temperature in the tube so as not to change
drastically during the esterification reaction runs. If a temperature change occurs
drastically, then the equilibrium reaction will be disrupted because the reversible reaction
can run perfectly if the temperature is constant. Esterification process requires time for at
least 3 days. Reaction that occurs:
Reaction ethanol and acetic acid with catalyst (HCl)
H+
CH3COOH (aq) + CH3CH2OH (aq) ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3 (aq) + H2O (l)
Reaction HCl with NaOH
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Reaction acetic acid with NaOH
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq)  CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l)
Next step is doing a titration with NaOH 2N (colorless solution), where before is
already added with PP indicator (titration is stopped when the solution color changes into
soft pink), but before ester is titrated with NaOH the quality of NaOH is checking with
blanko solution (HCl). As much as 5 mL of HCl is added into Erlenmeyer then added with
PP indicator, after that titrated with NaOH, so as to obtain the volume of titrant(NaOH) is
5,2 mL. From that data then calculated moles of blanko solution by using formula:
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻 + = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑂𝐻 −
Then obtained 1,923 N. After that do the titration for ester in each test tube with
the same procedure which is added with PP indicator and titrate with NaOH. Erlenmeyer
“I” required NaOH as much as 34 mL, Erlenmeyer “II” required NaOH as much as 21 mL,
Erlenmeyer “III” required NaOH as much as 13,6 mL and Erlenmeyer “IV” required NaOH
as much as 8,8 mL. From those data then calculated the value of Kc on each Erlenmeyer.
For the Erlenmeyer “I” obtained moles of CH3COOH as much as 6,99 × 10-2
moles, moles of CH3CH2OH as much as 1,63 × 10-2, moles equivalent H+ as much as 6,54
× 10-2 moles and moles H+ residue as much as 5,54 × 10-2. Then calculated moles at
equilibrium, moles at the equilibrium for CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOH, and C2H5OH are
respectively 1,45 × 10-2 moles, 5,54 × 10-2 moles, 1,8 × 10-3 moles. So, by using formula:
[CH3 COOC2 H5 ]
𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻]
Obtained the value of Kc is 1,45. From this result we can conclude that the product
that produced is more than reactant.
For the Erlenmeyer “II” obtained moles of CH3COOH as much as 5,24 × 10-2
moles, moles of CH3CH2OH as much as 3,26 × 10-2, moles equivalent H+ as much as 4,038
× 10-2 moles and moles H+ residue as much as 3,038 × 10-2. Then calculated moles at
equilibrium, moles at the equilibrium for CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOH, and C2H5OH are
respectively 2,202 × 10-2 moles, 1,058 × 10-2 moles, 3,038 × 10-2 moles. So, by using
formula:
[CH3 COOC2 H5 ]
𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻]
Obtained the value of Kc is 0,68. From this result we can conclude that the product
that produced is less than reactant.
 For the Erlenmeyer “III” obtained moles of CH3COOH as much as 3,49 × 10-2
moles, moles of CH3CH2OH as much as 4,89 × 10-2, moles equivalent H+ as much as 2,615
× 10-2 moles and moles H+ residue as much as 1,615 × 10-2. Then calculated moles at
equilibrium, moles at the equilibrium for CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOH, and C2H5OH are
respectively 1,875 × 10-2 moles, 3,015 × 10-2 moles, 1,615 × 10-2 moles. So, by using
formula:
[CH3 COOC2 H5 ]
𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻]
Obtained the value of Kc is 0,385. From this result we can conclude that the product
that produced is less than reactant.
For the Erlenmeyer “IV” obtained moles of CH3COOH as much as 1,7 × 10-2
moles, moles of CH3CH2OH as much as 6,5 × 10-2, moles equivalent H+ as much as 1,692
× 10-2 moles and moles H+ residue as much as 6,92 × 10-3. Then calculated moles at
equilibrium, moles at the equilibrium for CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOH, and C2H5OH are
respectively 1,008 × 10-2 moles, 5,492 × 10-2 moles, 6,92 × 10-3 moles. So, by using
formula:
[CH3 COOC2 H5 ]
𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻]
Obtained the value of Kc is 0,265. From this result we can conclude that the product
that produced is less than reactant.
From that result obtained result that the value of Kc on each Erlenmeyer is
different, while the initially concentration that using on this experiment for all Erlenmeyer
is the same concentration. Its indicated that the initially concentration didn’t affect the
value of Kc. The result also given the different Kc for each Erlenmeyer, we can sort the
value of Kc from largest to smallest which are 1,45; 0,68; 0,385; 0,265 (Erlenmeyer I;
Erlenmeyer II; Erlenmeyer III, Erlenmeyer IV). These different occurs because the
different composition on each Erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer “I” with composition 5 mL HCl, 1
mL ethanol and 4 mL CH3COOH. Erlenmeyer “II” with composition 5 mL HCl, 2 mL
ethanol and 3 mL CH3COOH. Erlenmeyer “III” with composition 5 mL HCl, 3 mL ethanol
and 2 mL CH3COOH. Erlenmeyer “IV” with composition 5 mL HCl, 1 mL ethanol and 4
mL CH3COOH. Concentration of HCl on each Erlenmeyer are same because the function
of HCl as catalyst. The different is shown by the composition of acetic acid and ethanol.
The more acetic acid composition used in the esterification reaction between acetic acid
 and ethanol to form ester, the higher the value of Kc that obtained. Higher value of Kc
indicates the more product that produced on that Erlenmeyer.
Difference in Kc value with literature (4,2 × 10-2) is caused by the acid-base
titration is stopped at the end point, where the value of the end point has passed the
equivalent point. Theoretically, used as a calculation should be the equivalent mol.
However, since the observation used the PP indicator, where the indicator just indicated a
change in color at pH 8.0 - 9.6, while the equivalent point occurred at pH 7. In addition,
the observations on acid-base titration were subjective, where the color changes observed
by everyone is different. This affects the volume of titrant (OH) obtained. Furthermore,
differences in titrant volume will have an impact on Kc calculations because they affect the
mole equivalent of H+ and the residual equivalent mol.

B. Conclusion
From the experiment obtained the value of Kc for Erlenmeyer I, II, III, and IV
respectively are 1,45; 0,68; 0,385; 0,265, product that produced on Erlenmeyer I is the most
compared to Erlenmeyer II, III and IV. The initially concentration of the reacting agent
didn’t affect the value of Equilibrium constant (Kc).