SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

USN 15ルIE44

Fourth Semester B.E.Degree Exanlination,Dec.2018/Jan.2019

FIuid Mechanics
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80

Note: Answer FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each module.
００¨
一ｏ“﹄

Module-1
Ｑ一ｏ“︼∽

I a. Define the following properties of fluids with their units:

(i) Weight density.
“０８にｏ﹄

(ii) Dynarnic viscosity.

(iii) Bulk modulus
一〇０ 一

(06 Nlarks)
・
∽ｏｍに０ ン ｃ“ 一

b. An oil film of thickness 1.5 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size
〓を′．

0.9mx 0.9mslides down an inclined plane having an inclination of 20'rvith the horizontal.
〇い＝ ∞■

The weight of square plate is 392.4 N and it slides down the plane with a unitbrrn velocity of
０ ¨ Ｃ 一Ｃ ¨“ Ｅ ｏ﹄ ｏ〓“ Ｅ ｏ ∽ＯＣ 〓 ∽∽Ｏ﹄ｏ ¨

0.2 m/s. Find the kinematic viscosity of oil. specific gravity of the oil is 0.7 (05 i\Iarks)
，

c.
Ｎ寸 ＾

A simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is connected to a pipe in which a fluid of

“０〓０一

Sp.gravity0.8 and having vacuum pressure is flowing. The other end of manometer is open
to atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in pipe, if difference of mercurl, level in tu,o limbs
一一﹄

is 40 cm and height of fluid in the left from the centre ofpipe is l5 cm belorv. (05 Marks)
≧′∽●Ｏ““●σｏ﹂ｏ＼ＯＬに■０一

OR
a. State and prove Pascal's [aw. (06 l\Iarks)
b.
“〓 ｏ““一ｏ

Derive expression for total pressure and centre of pressure for a plane surface inrmersed
vertically in a static mass of fluid. (06 lt{arks)
c. A uniform body of size 3m longx2m rvidex I m deep floats in water. What is the w,eight of
，

０●︻
′ｏＬＯ 、 〓﹄Ｏ∽一ぅ。 Ｅ ０ ０ ぃ 一

the body if depth of immersion is 0.8 m? Determine the meta centric height also. (04 Marks)
に＞Ｏｏ一一

Module-2
〇〇Ｏαｏ¨

Explain different types of fluid flow. (06卜 Iarks)

ｉ
ｂ

The stream function fbr a two dimensional flow is given by 、/=2xy,calculatc the velocity
〓ｏ■にＯに﹁〓０〇一
， ，
ｏ ′∽Ｌに ヽコ Ｏ ＾ ∞ Ｃ 〓 ｏ一Ｑ Ｅ ｏ ｏ Ｃ︵︶   一 一ｏ一ｏ フ︻ 一ＣＣ〓 ｏ Ｑ “〓

at the point P(2, 3). Find the velocity potential Q. (04 Plarks)
C.
Obtain the Euler's eqnatiOn Of mOtion along a streanl line and hcnce derive Bernouni's
equation fOr a steady incompressible fluid lo、 v.State thc assumptions madc. (06卜 Iarks)
ヽＯ∞Ｃ〓“ｏ＞ｏ﹄＾αンヽ

OR
4 a. Derive an cxpressi6A fOr discharge through a triangular notch. (05 Plarks)
b. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm having velocity 40 m/s, strikes a curved fixed symmetrical
plate at its centre. The jet is deflected through an angle 120' at the outlet of the curved plate.
 べ

Calculate the force exerted by jet of water in the direction ofjet and perpendicular to jet.
(05 Marks)
C. Find the discharge of water flowing through a pipe 30 cm diameter placed in an inclined
position where a venturimeter is inserted, having a throat diameter of l5 cnt. The dilference
of pressure betweenthe main and throat is measured by a liquid of specific gravity 0.6 in an
inverted U-tube which gives a reading of 30 cm. The loss of head between the main and
throat is 0.2 times the kinetic head of the pipe. (06 N'Iarks)

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
1sME#
Module-3
a. Prove that the ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity for laminar flow between two
1.5^.
stationary parallel plates is (10 Marks)
b. A fluid of viscosity 0.7 NS/m2 and specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a circular pipe of
diameter 100 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is given as 196.2 N/m2. Find
(i) the pressure gradient (ii) Average velocity (iii) Reynold's number of the flow.
(06 Marks)
OR
a. What are the energy losses that occur in,pipes? Give the expressions for different minor
energ) losses. (04 Nlarks)
b. An oilof specific gravity 0.9 and viscosity 0.06 poise is flowing through a pipe of diameter
200 mm at the rate of 60 lit/sec. Find the head lost due to friction for a 500 m length of pipe.
Find the power required to maintain this flow. (06 Marks)
c. Three pipes of lengths 800 m.500 m and 400 m and of diameters 500 mm,400 mm and
300 mm respectively are connscted in series. These pipes are replaced by a single pipe of
(0`Plarks)

Module-4
a. Define the terms:
(i) Boundary layer thickness.
(ii) Energy thickness
{liil
(iv) !ift
Drag (04 Marks)
b. Write a short note on boundary layer separation and methods to control it. (06 Marks)
c. A long plate of size 5m x 2m is moving in air with velocity of 9 km/hr parallel to its length.
Calculate the drag force on both sides of plate if, (i) Boundary layer is laminar over the
complete platc.(iり BOttdary layer is turbulent‐ 9v∝ thC COmplctO11雛 ￨.
Takc pttr=1.2 kg/mp and‐ μ=1.8× 10 4 poise l l (06 Marks)

OR
a. The pressure diffbrence Ap in a pipe of diameter D and length / due to viscous
flow depends
on the velocity V. viscosity F and density p. Using Buckingham's n-theorem. Obtain an
(10 Ⅳlarks)
b Expi1ll;ts:LctHcsinlil`lit' (ii)Kinenlatic‐ similarity (面 )Dynamic similarity
(0`Ⅳ Iarks)
Module-5
a. Define stagnation properties. Obtain an expression for stagnation pressure of a compressible
fluid in terms of Mach number and pressure. (10 Marks)
b. A projectile travels in air of pressure l5 N/cm2 at 10"C at a speed of 1500 km/hr. Find the
Mach number and Mach angle. Assume r : 1.4 and R : 287 J/kgK (04 Plarks)
c. What are normal and oblique shocks? (02ル larks)

OR
10 a. Show that velocity of propogation of elastic wave in an adiabatic medium is given by
C =.,,/iRT starting from fundamentals. (08 Marks)
b. Calculate the stagnation temperature on nose of plane which is flying at 800 krr/hr through
still air having a pressure 8 N/cm2 and temperature -10'C. Take R = 287 J/kgK and r = 1.4
(02 Marks)
c. Define computional fluid dynamics. Mention the applications of CFD. (06 Marks)

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
USN 10MEB/AllB406

Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.20l8/Jan.20l9

Fluid Mechanics
Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks:100
Note: Answer ony FIVEfull questions, selecting
al leasl TWO questions from eoch porl.
０〇一 ＯＣ、Ｑ 一

PART - A
I a. Give reasons for the following:
● Ｆ 一∽Ｃ Ｏ〇一● ０一一 〇０ 一〓 ＞´  Ｏ ｎ ｌ ∞ ■ Ｎ 一 ´

i) Viscosity olgases increases with rise in temperature

ii) Rise of water level in a capillary tube
iii) Cavitation in a pipe flow
iv) Thin objects can float on film membrane or free surface of liquids
∽０”●Ｏ ν ＥＣ一

v) Mercury is used as manometric liquid and also in thermometers. (t0 tltarks)

b. Derive an expression for pressure intensity in a soap bubble. (05 lvlarks)
c. The surface tension ofa spherical rvater droplet in contact r.vith air at 25'C is 0.072 N/nr. li
“ ｍ Ｅ 一Ｅ 一

the diameter of the droplet is 1.5 mm. determine the pressure rvithin the droplet. Find also
absolute pressure. (05 }lalls)
‘ Ｅ ｏ﹄ ｏ ‘¨ Ｅｏ ∽Ｏ Ｅ 〓 ∽∽Ｏ﹄ｏ 一

∞ ｏ Ｅ●● ■ ヽ ∽Ｃ〇 一 ”ぅ 。 ｏ ﹂Ｏヽ Ｏ Ｅ ” 〓Ｏ´Ｃ５ 一”＞ υ 〇 一 一

2 a. Derive the expression for hydrostatic force and centre of pressure on a submerged plane
surface, inclined at an angle 'e' to the free surface of liquid with specific weight 'to;
'.
，

( l0 ltlarks)

b. Pressure measured at base and top of a mountain are 90 cnr and 70 cnr of mercury
respectively. Calculate height ofthe mountain, if air has a specific weight of 12.23 N/m'.
ｏＣ Ｏｍ Ｃ一一 ヽ

(05 Marks)
c. A simple manometer is used to of oil (sp.gr. 0.90) flowing in a pipe ol'
measure pressure
diameter 50 cm. lts right limb is open and left limb is connected to pipe. Centre of pipe is
‘ ‘﹂０ ＾ 〓﹂Ｏ ∽一

l5 cm below the level of mercury in right limb and difference in mercury levels is 25 crn.
Determine the absolute pressure of oil. (05 )lalks)
に り。 Ｑ に  Ｅ Ｏ ‘ “０に 〓 〓 り０ 一﹂Ｏ ∞ Ｅ 〓 ωＯン ２ ＾ Ｅ ンヽ  銀
●。 Ｆ一

3 a. Differentiate between the lbllorving:

i) Rotational flow and irrotation flow
〇 ０  一０ あ Ｅ‘ 一コ０ ＾ ∞ ⊆ 一 ０ 一

ii) Steady flow and laminar flow

， ，

iii) Stream line and path line

iv) Metacentre and centre ofBaoyancy
v) Stable and unstable equilibrium (10 Nlnrks)
b. A metallic body floats at interface of mercury (13.6) and water in such a way that 30% of its
volume is submerged in mercury and 707o in water. Find density of the metallic body.
０ 〓 ０ ０ ‘ ︵︶   一 ¨ ｏ一０ ウ

(05 Marks)
c. A stream function is given by \r=2x'-yt. Find the velocity components and resultant
velocity at a point P(4, 5). (05 Marks)

4 a. State the assumptions made in derivation ofBernoulli's equation for a fluid flow. Represent
４ 一■ ０︶一

the Bernoulli's equation lor practical fluid flow with losses between tlvo points. rvith a neat
Ｃａ Ｆ ニ

sketch. (06 Nla rks)

b. A pipeline carries oil olspecilic gravity (0.90) changes in diameter from 200 mm at poinl A
to 400 mm diameter at point B. -which is 4 meters highe-r than point A. I f lhe pressure
intensity at points A is 9.81 N/cm' and point B is 4.5 N/cmr respecrively. and the discharge
is 200 kg$e, determine the loss of head and direction of flow. (trl Marks)

θ
 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
10MEB/AU]し 06
PART― B
a. I)inbrcntiatc bet、 vccn orince incter and vcnturirnetcr、 vith neat sketches alld、 vorking.
(04∼ larks)
b. t-xplain working of V-Notch and derive a relation for discharge of tluid. (06ヽ larks)
c. Using tsuckingharn's n-theorem. show that thc velocity ot'tlou through a circular(、 rincc is

慶 V=緬 φ e ll L恥 山 面 鴨 賊
lltbl・ Dも 山 mJ艇
…
膿 洗 ￨…
orifice. pr is dynamic viscosity, p specific density and 'g' is gravitationalacceleration.
(10 Marks)

6 a. List the types of losses with equations. (04 Plarks)

b. Derive'loss of head'expression for Sudden Enlargement of a pipe. (06卜 lark5)
C. Determine the ditference in water level between two reservoirs lvhich are connected b1' a
horizontal pipe of dia 200 mm and 500 nreters long. 1'he rate ol. fiow througlr the nipe is
45 ltlsec (0.045 mr/s;. Consider all the losses and assumc. l'= 0.01. Neatll,sketch llCL and
T[:[- betlleen thc trvo reservoirs. (l{} \l:rrhs)

7 a. [)crive att cxpression filr laminar llou'through rircular pipe. (l(] ]t:rrks)
b. A tluid ol'viscositr' 0.9 N.S/rn2 and specific gravitv 1.25 is tlowing through trvo parallel
plates 3 rnrn apart. Determine the lbllon,ing:
i; lvlaxirnum velocity
ii) [)ressure drop per unit lengtlr
iii) Shear stress at the lvalls of plate if the average velocitl,is 0.2 rr/sec.
Assume tenrperatLrre is 20'C. (10 lvlarks)

8 a. Deflne Mach number and Mach angle. With neat sketch derive relation for velocity of souncl
in a compressiblc fluid. (t0 Marks)
b. I)eflne: (i) t,ifi (ii) Momentum thickness (iii) displacement thick
(iv) Mach cone (v) Drag (10 Marks)

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