REVIEWER

4th QT Exam
Name the parts highlighted in yellow
Name the parts highlighted in yellow
• structures that are similar in related
organisms because they were inherited
from a common ancestor.

homologous structures
• are structures that are similar in
unrelated organisms. The structures are
similar because they evolved to do the
same job, not because they were
inherited from a common ancestor

analogous structures
• Name the ancestral
trait

• Which pair is most

closely related?
(hookworm and
earthworm or snail
ad earthworm)
• Which of the following organisms exhibit radial
symmetry?

tapeworm, sea anemone, baleen whale, elephant

• What can Angiosperms produce that
Gymnosperms cannot? Give 2

flowers and fruits

• In which Phylum are bees classified?

Arthropoda
• Which organism is
considered as the out
group?

tapeworm, jellyfish, baleen whale, elephant

• Which Phylum has gametophyte as the most
dominant generation while the sporophyte is
attached and dependent to the gametophyte?

Bryophytes
What is the condition of stomata if guard cells
are turgid, or swollen, and there is accumulation
of K+ (potassium ions) in the guard cells.

open
• give two hormones that induce root initiation and
growth of the shoot

auxin and cytokinin

• a plant hormone that triggers the plant cells to
degrade thus causing the leaves to droop during
fall.

ethylene
• gradual process by which an
animal adjusts to changes in
external environment (e.g.
mountain climbers hiking
toward Himalayas)

acclimatization
• animal behavior echoed when a bear hibernates
during winter

instinct
• animal behavior exhibited if certain species of
small songbirds when presented with a stuffed owl
or similar “predator.” If a stuffed owl is placed in
their cage, the birds first respond as though it were
a real predator. They act frightened and try to
escape. Over time, as the stuffed owl remains in
the cage without moving, the birds show less
response.

habituation
• Which of the following
has the least value for
water potential?
 Animal Behavior
• When studying animal behavior, the distribution of
organisms within a choice chamber can be studied to
identify animal preferences. 99 fruit flies are placed in a
2-choice choice chamber with a large middle passage
where flies may remain. Chamber A contains a 5 g
sample of over ripe grapes; the middle passage is
empty. Chamber B contains a 5 g sample of not yet ripe
grapes. After 40 minutes 20 flies are in the middle, 43
flies are in chamber A, and 36 flies are in chamber B.
Perform the chi-squared test to determine if the
distribution of fruit flies is significant or due to random
chance.
Population Ecology Formula

calculate the expected

number of births per year
in a population
Per capita rate of increase

calculate the expected

number of births per year
in a population

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Per capita rate of increase

calculate the expected

number of births per year
in a population

calculate the expected

number of deaths per unit
time in a population

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Application

• 1. If, for example, there are 34 births per year in

a population of 1,000 individuals what is b (per
capita birth rate)?
• Calculate the expected number of births per
year.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

 Let’s Solve
• In a population of 750 fish, 25 die on a particular
day while 12 were born.

• What is the per capita death rate for the day?

Round to the nearest thousandth

• What is the per capita birth rate for the day? Round
to the nearest thousandth

• What is the per capita rate of increase for the day?

Round to the nearest thousandth
Let’s Solve
Let’s Solve
Population Growth

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Drill

• There are 300 falcons living in a certain forest at the

beginning of 2013. Suppose that every year there are 50
falcons born and 30 falcons that die.
• What is the population growth rate (include units)?
Interpret the value.
• What is the per capita growth rate of the falcons over a
year? Interpret the value.
• Fill in the table and construct a graph. (see sample on
the next slide)
• Find the average rate of change for the falcon
population from 2013 to 2018 (include units). Interpret
the value.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
 Year Population
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Drill

• There are 300 falcons living in a certain forest at the

beginning of 2013. Suppose that every year there are 50
falcons born and 30 falcons that die.
• What is the population growth rate (include units)?
Interpret the value.
• What is the per capita growth rate of the falcons over a
year? Interpret the value.
• Fill in the table and construct a graph. (see sample on
the next slide)
• Find the average rate of change for the falcon
population from 2013 to 2018 (include units). Interpret
the value.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
 Year Population
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

• Given a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
with allele frequencies A = 0.9 and a = 0.1,
determine the frequencies of the three genotypes
AA, Aa and aa. 

• Allele W for white wool is dominant over allele w for
black wool. In a sample of 900 sheep, 891 are
white and 9 are black. Estimate the allelic
frequencies in this sample.