Steel wire – thermoplastic composite water pip

WHAT ARE COMPOSITES ?

 Composites
Matrix Reinforcement

Polymers Metal Ceramic Particle Whisker Fiber

(Polymer (Metal (Ceramic Particle Whisker Fiber

matrix matrix matrix reinforced reinforced reinforced
composites composites composites composite composite composites
(PMCs) (MMCs) (CMCs) s s

Carbon – Carbon Composites

 PMCs
 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs), of which GRP is the best-known
example, use ceramic fibers in a plastic matrix.
 PMCs
 Automobile
Although composites such as GRP have been used in the manufacture of
automobile parts since the 1950s, most cars are still made from steel. Engineers
believe carefully designed composites could cut the weight of a typical steel car by
as much as 40 percent, increasing fuel economy by as much as a quarter, yet
maintaining body strength and crash-resistance.

 Bicycles and Sport equipment

The latest composite hockey sticks made from aerospace-grade carbon fibers in
a nylon polymer matrix. The same material is used to make wheels for mountain
bicycles.
Car windshields and bulletproof glass are actually very heavy laminates made
from several layers of glass and plastic. The outer layers of glass are weatherproof
and scratchproof, while the inner plastic layers provide strength and a small
amount of flexibility to stop the glass from shattering.

Bulletproof glass is an energy-absorbing sandwich of

glass and plastic. You can think of it as a composite
(because it's a combination of materials) or a laminate
(because it involves sheets of material bonded together)
 MMCs
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) typically use silicon carbide fibers
embedded in a matrix made from an alloy of aluminum and magnesium, but
other matrix materials such as titanium, copper, and iron are increasingly being
used. Typical applications of MMCs include bicycles, golf clubs, and missile
guidance systems; an MMC made from silicon-carbide fibers in a titanium
matrix is currently being developed for use as the skin (fuselage material) of the
US National Aerospace Plane.
 MMCs

Aircraft industry
B2 stealth bomber used composite materials technology to evade radar
detection
In 2005, Boeing's 787 Dreamliner became the first commercial jet with wings
and fuselage made from carbon-fiber composites (representing half the plane's
total weight).

 Cermets
Composites are increasingly used in place of metals in machine tools. Apart from
being lighter and stronger, they can offer better performance than metals at high
temperatures and do not develop potentially dangerous weaknesses such as
fractures and fatigue.
 CMCs
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are the third major type and examples
include silicon carbide fibers fixed in a matrix made from a borosilicate
glass. The ceramic matrix makes them particularly suitable for use in
lightweight, high-temperature components, such as parts for airplane jet
engines.
 C- Cs

Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Carbon, abbreviated CFRC is a composite material

consisting of carbon fiber reinforcement in a matrix of graphite.

Pieces of reinforced carbon–

carbon including a panel removed
from the wing of Space Shuttle
Atlantis
Carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) is a development of pure
carbon–carbon, and can be used in automotive applications, such as
components of brake systems on high performance road cars, namely the
brake disc and brake pads. C/SiC utilises silicon carbide with carbon fibre, and
this compound is thought to be more durable than pure carbon-carbon,
however heavier hence not used in F1.

Applications initially included the Mercedes-Benz C215 Coupe F1 edition, and

are standard fitment on the Bugatti Veyron and certain current Bentleys, Ferraris,
Porsches, Corvette ZR1, ZO6 and Lamborghinis. They are also offered as an "
optional upgrade" on certain high performance Audi cars, including the D3 S8,
B7 RS4, C6 S6 and RS6, and the R8.
There are different types of composites.
1. Fiber Reinforced composites
2. Particulate reinforced composites