Impact of Economic and Cultural differences in Socialization

Socialization is one of the most important topics examined by researchers

in the field of sociology in terms of content or style due to the significance
of this issue for preparing the next generations who will keep the society
alive and existing, morally or materialistically. Socialization is a process of
social interactions in which individuals can gain their personalities and
societal culture. It is an important educational process for parents, and
teachers ..etc., as it is includes the processes of an individual's formation
and building their personalities in a way that enables them to develop, to
self-integrate, to self-balance and to adapt with the society and its culture.
Socialization plays a vital part in preparing a person to have multi roles
because he or she is required to do a variety of activities and actions in the
society in which he or she lives so that social life can proceed regularly.
Thus, an individual has to hold a set of positions determined by birth such
as gender, religion, customs, and class; and he or she has to do the roles
assigned to him. An individual is shaped and becomes a social object
through society and its culture. A person is born and grows in a society
according to a specific cultural system inculcated by all individuals and
groups. Therefore, an individual grows through his or her treatment with
people in the society. This treatment can take different forms including
imitation, participation, and giving and taking principles with other people
for learning the values, behavior models, and attitudes, and teaching him
his expected roles, as a meaningful activity to meet the reciprocal needs for
an individual and society, although a person is born with inherited and
biological behavior patterns, and a disposition to accept adaptation with
his external social setting and continued variables. Socialization processes
are supervised almost by social organizations. A family is the first cell and
establishes for socialization, and then comes a school which is a specific
social setting with roles and positions, and it reflects the values of society.
Then come sports clubs, worship homes, social, cultural, economic sectors
including social class or socioeconomic status, different classes, wealth,
prestige, and power among people in society, location and environment
leading to different individuals from an environment to another. A class to
which a family belongs is an important factor in an individual's growth; it
represents all systems contributing into the formation of an individual's
personality. A family is the most important element in transferring culture
and values to a child, which become an essential part later on. A social class
often constrains and limits a person's action; people are likely to build
social relationships with other people who belong to the same social class,
and mar resemble them in behaviours, and their communications increase.
The theory of categorical hierarchy allows to learn the dynamics of this
society and the prevailing relationships between an individual and his
group, to the discrimination among the society members through the
unequal distribution of wealth and power. Social class system is based on
the cultural and symbolic capital, the latter means that a social recognition
of an individual from a social category compared to the cultural and
economic capital for others. A social class is identified as a social status
through practices and its history, every class seeks to adopt the life style of
a higher class and distinguishing from others. Hence, it should be noted
that a social class is not only an income, but it is also determined with a set
of factors such as social status, income, wealth, behaviour related to jobs,
education and the family origin. It is worth noting that socialization styles
adopted by fathers, mothers, and relatives sometimes differ from a family
to another, from a social group to another, depending on social
backgrounds and stratified generations. A social class to which a family
belongs is one of the prominent factors affecting socialization process
because it forms the environment surrounding children, thus, culture and
aims serve as an axis among parents and children. Every social class has its
own special culture represented in values, beliefs, and behaviour patterns.
It forms a framework which is a base for parental practices in socialization.
Research in different societies indicated that there were differences among
low, middle, and high classes. For example, parents who belong to low
social classes appreciate and value respect, obedience, and principle
compared with middle class parents. The former concentrate on a child's
internal development, on developing a sense of responsibility and its
bearing, on a child's self-control, on achievement and accomplishment
aims. Many studies showed that a family's economic position is directly
related with education and teaching needs. A family who can meet its
children's materialistic needs well can provide objective conditions for
health socialization. On the contrary, a family who does not meet its
children's basic needs will not be able to supply a child with enough
potential foe scientific achievement or healthy socialization, therefore,
materialistic shortage and leads to children's feeling of deprivation,
inferiority, and sometimes stealing and malice. Foreign studies show that
working families follow social and educational styles different from those
used by middle class families. Moreover, most middle class families tend to
use strict styles in raising children through observing their behaviours,
actions, and social relationships inside and outside the environment. Most
working families use tolerant styles for socialization and evaluation or
severe, inhuman styles that depend on beating and expulsion from the
house. As for the principle of independence in socialization it is noted that
middle class parents appreciate the value of independence, whereas
working class parents value the conformity to a group power at the
expense of individual independence. The differences among social classes
can be realized via the degree of independence thought to be possessed by
workers, either in office work settings or manual work ones. Independence
as a value can be promoted and enhanced through family factors and
demographical ones like birth place, social class, and gender plus its
relationship with historical events outside the family context. It is also
noted that adolescents who participate effectively in their societies have
parents who also participate effectively in their societies. Parents' high
income is related to civil involvement. Although social class is one of the
predictive factors of civil participation, social activity dominates in all
classes when considering religious affiliations; this means that low income
families often participate in social activities when they concern the social
work of their religious organizations. If there are available opportunities,
all children can improve their social involvement. Research indicated that
there were clear systematic differences in children's socialization styles
attributed to the differences in the levels of socioeconomic and cultural
status of the family. Moreover, it was concluded that the level of parental
education had an effect on children's socialization; parents tend to avoid
being strict and physical punishment, and they have an attitude towards
using discussion and modern scientific methods so long as their
educational level promotes. If a family, through its role as one of the most
important channels for socialization, contributes into children's behaviour
formation, the role of the social atmosphere in which a family lives,
whether a local community or a neighbourhood, cannot be ignored. This
social climate has some sub cultural qualities that distinguish it from other
societies. These social characteristics have an effect not less important than
that of the family's role on its members. This means that the social climate
undoubtedly contributes into adopting specific styles for socialization
different from place to another by the different subculture of the society
along with parental education level and culture in a family. In general, a
social class has an effect on children at their different age stages for its
basic role in building their personalities and perfectness, and through
which children can gain customs, habits, attitudes, and values prevailing
and common in their social environment. Moreover, a social class plays a
vital role in providing a healthy social atmosphere that is appropriate and
necessary for the process of socialization. A social class also serves in
teaching children behavioural skills that enable them to integrated and
involve in society, to cooperate with its members, to participate in different
activity areas, to teach them their roles, their rights and duties. Children
also are taught how to coordinate among their and others' behaviours in
different situations, how to be helpful members in society, to evaluate and
control their conducts and actions, and to inculcate internal behaviour
control in children.

What Could be Potential Socio-economic Impacts of Culture?

Culture refers to characteristic patterns of attitudes, values, beliefs, and

behaviours shared by members of a society or population. Members of a
cultural group share characteristics that distinguish them from other
groups. Cultural differences will affect the receptivity of a individual to
individual education and willingness to accept information and incorporate
it into his or her lifestyles. It is important to remember that even individual
education interaction has a cultural dimension.

Culture is a way of living, thinking, and behaving. Culture is learned within

the family and guides the ways we solve problems and live our daily lives.
Ethnicity is closely related to culture, although ethnicity usually refers to a
particular cultural group or race that interacts and has common interests.
Often there is as much diversity within ethnic groups as between them -
important to consider in the face of the current refugee crisis.

Culture includes many elements, including language, customs, beliefs,

traditions, and ways of communicating. Another way of defining culture is
to describe is “as the way things are done around here.” This way one can
conclude that culture plays an important role and in fact causes impacts
development in several different fields of our daily life. Certain of them are
direct and several indirect effects of culture of which some of them are
listed below:

Valued Socio-
Economic Issue
Component
 Intercultural orientation vs. Xenophobia
Social Cohesion
 Integration of disabled persons or refugees
 Social relevance of new, unfamiliar ideas
 Opportunity for startup firms
Innovation and
Creativity  Propensity to entrepreneurial risk
 Artistic models for the development or 'testing' of new products
and services
 Individualist vs. collectivist cultural perspectives on
Education education
 Capacity and knowledge building
  Intercultural education
 Psychological general wellbeing
 Prevention and therapy effectiveness
Wellbeing  Welfare costs
and Health  Family cohesion & relationships between youth and elders
 Health beliefs: medical treatments vs. spiritual
interventions
 Effectiveness of waste recycling
 Socio-environmental responsibility
Sustainab  Willingness to pay for greener economies and societies
ility  Population sustainability: In- and out-migration effects /
Change in social and cultural maekup of affected
communities
 Business competitiveness through innovation
 Creative and cultural industries
Economic  Tourism and attractiveness of destinations
Influences  Cultural resources as driver for growth and employment
opportunities
 Cultural sponsorship and patronage
Communic  Languages
ation and
interaction  Cultural beliefs and behaviour
s  Minorities and their legacy
 enhancing understanding and capacity for action;
 creating and retaining identity;
Society
 modifying values and preferences for collective choice;
and social
behaviour  building social cohesion;
 contributing to integrated community development; and
 fostering civic participation

The Compendium Addressing Socio-economic Impacts of

Culture

Since the beginning of the Compendium project, several different socio-

economic impacts of culture have been treated both as a transversal issue
of relevance in different areas of cultural policy making and as a theme of
specific sub-chapters in the Compendium country profiles. As a
consequence, there are several strands of related information and data
found in various sub-sections of individual Compendium country
profiles.Some of this content has been condensed into comparative /
statistical tables that address e.g.: Gender Equality and Cultural Policies,
Government Action to Implement Social and Fiscal Measures for Self-
Employed Artists, the European Charter for Regional or Minority
Languages, Intercultural Education, Selected Cultural Diversity and
Intercultural Dialogue Policies in Different Sectors, Challenges to Cultural
Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue Policies, Laws and Policies Supporting
Main National Minority Groups, Active cultural participation in Europe,
Private Sector Sponsorship, Cultural imports, exports and trade balance,
European Household Recreation and Culture Expenditure, Share of cultural
workers in cultural and total employment; etc.

Together with important background documents and links to research,

such information can assist governments and NGOs in their efforts to start
monitoring and comparing policies and related measures that aim at
enhancing different socio-economic impacts of culture for different groups
of the population. As well, reflection processes are supported in order to
determine, in which way certain socio-economic impacts play an essential
role in democratic governance as well as for a sustainable democratic
society.

It is, therefore, appropriate to consider the Compendium as one of the tools

to be used in processes of systematic Socio-economic Impact Assessment
(SEIA), particularly as regards a broad range of culture-related impacts on
policy-making.Culture and socialization really go hand in hand. Humans are
social creatures, meaning we interact with one another through complex
systems of rules and symbols as a part of our survival. Human babies are
born with little ability to care for themselves, so a social network of parents
and family members are needed to help care for the baby. Socialization
doesn't end after infancy, though! We go on to create, maintain, and
sometimes break off social arrangements and relationships for the rest of
our lives.One of the features of culture is that it is self-replicating, but only
in the context of socialization. This works on both a micro and macro scale.
On the micro, humans interact with one another in a series of engagements.
For example, if you wave and say "hello" to a friend when you see them,
you are acting out, re-creating, and transmitting cultural information! On
the macro scale of socialization, over long periods of time and across
populations, cultural information may be transmitted, created, and re-
created. Think about what might have been the appropriate way to say
"hello" to a friend several centuries ago. Why kind of social structures were
in place? Would you tip your hat and say, "Good day?" Would you require
introduction before speaking? Culture shapes socialization and social
norms, but at the same time, socialization enacts and transforms culture.
 ASSIGNMENT ON

Impact of Economic and Cultural differences in Socialization

Submitted to: Madam Reene

Submitted by: Mr. Diezevitso Chasie

Study centre: DIET chiechama
Roll No: 1
1st Year D.El.Ed (ODL) 2017-2019