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INTRODUCTION
The environmental issues likely to develop during project construction and operation
phases could be minimized by making necessary provision in the project design and
adopting Plan Environmental Management (EMP). The Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) covers the design, construction, operation and maintenance phases of each project
component. The EMP identifies the key environmental issues across the project and
provides strategies and plans for managing them effectively. It also defines the legal
requirements for the project and identifies the regulatory permits and licenses required for
construction activities. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) can be defined as a
site specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmental
sustainable manner where all contractors and subcontractors, including consultants,
understand the potential environmental risks arising from the project and take appropriate
actions to properly manage that risk. EMP also ensures that the project implementation is
carried out in accordance with the design by taking appropriate mitigation actions to
reduce adverse environmental impacts during its life cycle. The plan outlines existing and
potential problems that may adversely impact the environment and recommends
corrective measures where required. Also, the plan outlines roles and responsibility of the
key personnel and contractors who will be in-charge of the responsibilities to manage the
project site.
EMP Covers:
1. Documents methods & procedures to achieve environmental objectives and targets
of EIA.
2. Identifies environmental performance indicators to measure progress towards
achieving targets and objectives.
3. EMP is based on compiled information and data during environmental
screening/EIA.
4. Summarizes targets, objectives and regulations,
5. Nominates the individuals responsible and gives target dates.
Aspects covered by EMP include:
1. Water
2. Air
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3. Soil
4. Noise
5. Damage to Flora and Fauna
6. Disruption to Users
7. Worker’s Accident Risks
8. Workers’ Health Risks including Hygiene
9. Enhancement of natural and man-made features
Contents of an EMP
1. Brief introduction of project design
2. Major Findings of EIA/screening
3. Environmental Impacts Overview
4. Regulatory/Statutory Requirements
5. Environmental Management Proposed
i. Pre-construction
ii. Construction
iii. Operation
6. Implementation Arrangements
7. Institutional Arrangements
8. Monitoring Mechanism
9. Reporting System
10. Environmental Training and Management Budget
EMP adds more value to:
1. Reduces unforeseen (not predicted) issues/ problems
2. Improves relations with local communities
3. Prevents delays and stoppages
4. Prevents legal disputes
5. Saves time and costs
6. Provides good publicity
7. Reduces financial costs
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1.1 Relation between Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and
Environmental Management Plan (EIA)
1. EIA is analysis of issues and recommendations
2. EIA is documented in an Environmental Assessment Report
3. EMP is an action plan
4. EMP is based on results of EIA
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1.3 Goals and Aims of EMP
1. Develop procedures to implement project’s mitigation measures & monitoring
requirements.
2. Aims of an EMP are to:
i. Provide auditable commitments to practical and achievable strategies and design
standards.
ii. Develop an integrated plan for comprehensive.
iii. Monitoring and control of project impacts.
iv. Ensure the community that the environmental management of the project is
acceptable.
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2. EMP Format
There is no established format for EMP some commonly used formats include:
1. Tabular
2. Verbiage/Text : The format include the following content
i. Summary of impacts
ii. Description of mitigation measures
iii. Description of monitoring program
iv. Institutional arrangements, including training
v. Implementation schedule and reporting procedures
vi. Cost estimates and sources of funds
3. Combination of text and tabular (most common)
4. Self-standing (separate) document vs part of EA report
5. Sometimes can be incorporated in Operational Manual (no separate EMP)
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2.1 EMP Requirements for Pre-Construction Phase
The requirements that need to be fulfilled during the pre-construction phase of the
project are as follows:
1. There should be continuous liaison between the Proponent, the EPC contractor and
Landowners along the wayleave to ensure all parties are appropriately informed of
construction phase activities at all times.
2. The Landowners should be informed of the starting date of construction as well as the
phases in which the construction will take place.
3. The EPC contractor must adhere to all conditions of contract including the
Environmental Management Plan.
4. The EPC contractor should plan the construction program taking cognizance of
climatic conditions along the way leave especially wet seasons and disruptions that
can be caused by heavy rains.
5. Where existing private roads are in a bad state of repair, such roads’ condition shall
be documented before they are used for construction purposes. This will allow for
easy assessment of any damage to the roads which may result from the construction
process. If necessary some repairs should be done to prevent damage to equipment.
6. The construction site office must keep a proper record of all complaints received and
actions taken to resolve the complaints.
7. A Project HSE Officer should be appointed by the Proponent and Contractor HSE
officer should be appointed by the EPC contractor to implement this EMP as well as
deal with Landowner related matters.
8. Internal and external environmental inspections and audits should be undertaken
during and upon completion of construction. The frequency of these audits should be
quarterly.
9. The Project HSE Officer should conduct regular inspections along the wayleave in
order to maintain good control over the construction process during the construction
phase.
10. A formal communications protocol should be set up during this phase. The aim of the
protocol should be to ensure that effective communication on key issues that may
arise during construction be maintained between key parties such as the Project HSE
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Officer, project manager and EPC contractor. The protocol should ensure that
concerns/issues raised by stakeholders are formally recorded and considered and
where necessary acted upon. If necessary, a forum for communicating with key
stakeholders on a regular basis may need to be set up. This could be done through the
EPC contractor’s site office that would meet on a regular basis. The communications
protocol should be maintained throughout the construction phase.
1. Site preparation: Site clearing along the wayleave will be limited to the width of the
proposed wayleave which is about 60m. Site clearing must take place in a phased
manner, as and when required. Areas which are not to be constructed on within say one
month of time must not be cleared to reduce erosion risks. The area to be cleared must
be clearly demarcated and this footprint strictly maintained. Topsoil from the must be
neatly stockpiled at the edge of the wayleave ready for backfill when required.
2. Establishment of Construction Camps and Materials yards: The proposed 100MW
wind farm and 220kV transmission line project will utilize approximately two
construction camps and laydown areas. The construction camp locations have been
identified based on the ease of access to the wind farm area as well as the transmission
line. Site establishment shall take place in an orderly manner and all required amenities
shall be installed at Camp sites before the main workforce move onto site. The
Construction camp shall have the necessary ablution facilities with chemical toilets at
commencement of construction. The EPC Contractor shall inform all site staff to make
use of supplied ablution facilities and under no circumstances shall indiscriminate
sanitary activities be allowed other than in supplied facilities. The Contractor shall
supply waste collection bins where such is not available and all solid waste collected
shall be disposed of using NEMA approved waste handlers. A Waste Tracking Sheet
required by Legal Notice 121: Waste Management Regulations, 2006 will be obtained
by the EPC contractor and kept on file. The disposal of waste shall be in accordance
with the Waste Management Regulations, 2006. Under no circumstances may any form
of waste be burnt on site.
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2.2.1 Environmental Measure during Construction Phase
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It is proposed to provide sewage treatment plants comprising of Aerated lagoon and
Secondary settling tank. The dimensions of the treatment unit are: Aerated Lagoon
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One small covered truck, to collect the solid waste from the common point and
transfer it to the disposal site, would to be put to service.
A suitable landfill site can be identified and designated to contain the municipal waste
from all the project townships, labour colonies, etc.
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A community toilet would be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from community
toilets would be treated in septic tanks. For each 500 persons, one septic tank would be
provided.
The effluent from these septic tanks would be disposed off through absorption
trenches.
A septic tank is a key component of the septic system, a small-scale sewage treatment
system common in areas with no connection to main sewage pipes provided by local
governments or private corporations.
The septic container has five functions:
i. It receives the wastewater from the house
ii. Separates the solids from the liquids
iii. Stores the solids
iv. Decomposes the solids
v. Sends the effluent wastewater out to the drain field.
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2.2.1.8 PROPOSED HEALTH FACILITIES AT CONSTRUCTION
SITES AND LABOR CAMP
First aid facility is to be provided at each of the major construction sites, so that
workers are immediately attended to in case of an injury or accident. This first-aid post
will have the following
Facilities:
i.First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets
ii.First aid appliances –splints and dressing materials
iii.Stretcher etc.
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Similarly the contractors would be required to provide earplugs to the labor engaged in
all the underground works.
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2.4 Follow-Up and Supervision Of EMP Implementation
EMPs should be periodically reviewed, especially when: Environmental impacts are
associated with the operational rather than construction phase (Example: power plant
or mining operations);
Revisions to EMP may be necessary when: Final EIA produced after project appraisal
renders the original EMP obsolete or irrelevant;
Site-specific EMPs produced after project appraisal need to be checked during project
supervision
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Pre-
Phase
Phase
Phase
Operational
Construction
Construction
Project Activity
Potential Environmental
Impacts
Proposed Mitigation
Measures(s)
(incl. Legislation & regulations)
Institutional Responsibilities
Cost Estimates
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and
Pre-
Proposed Mitigation
Phase
Phase
Phase
Measure
all Phases
Operation
Maintenance
Construction
Construction
Location
Measurements
(incl. Methods &
equipments)
Frequency of
Measurement
Responsibilities
(incl. review and
reporting)
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& individuals)
Example: Environmental Management Plan
For a Power Plant Construction Project in X-land
Mitigation: Construction Phase
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Example: Environmental Management Plan
For a Power Plant Construction Project in X-land
Mitigation: Operation Phase
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Example: Environmental Management Plan
For a Power Plant Construction Project in X-land
Monitoring: Construction Phase
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Example: Environmental Management Plan
For a Power Plant Construction Project in X-land
Monitoring: Operation Phase
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