Sec03 PDF

3.
0 BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK EQUIPMENT & SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
A blowout preventer (BOP) stack is a combination of individual components needed to
maintain control of a well and prevent blowouts. When a kick occurs, the purpose of
the BOP stack is to shut in the well at the surface and control the flow of fluids from
the annulus of the wellbore. Safety valves installed on top of the drill pipe are used to
stop flow through the drill string. The primary purpose of this equipment is to provide
safe working conditions for the drilling personnel during well control operations.
On land, barge, platform, and jack-up rigs, the BOP stack is attached to the wellhead
under the rig floor and is defined as a surface system. A subsea system is used with
floating rigs and the BOP stack is located underwater near the sea floor. As previously
mentioned, this manual pertains only to surface BOP systems.
Figure 3-A illustrates a four preventer stack which is typically used in ExxonMobil's
operations.
Figure 3-A
TYPICAL-4- PREVENTER STACK
As shown, the components that make up a BOP stack are the wellhead, annular
preventer, ram preventers, and a drilling spool which provides connections for the
choke and kill lines. The valves that connect the BOP stack to the choke and kill lines
are considered a part of the stack. The number and arrangement of preventers
depend on the type of well to be drilled and the severity of problems that are likely to
be encountered. As well depth and pressure increase, stack design must provide
additional redundancy with more preventers and higher working pressure equipment.
Version July 2000 3-1

Surface casing is important for blowout protection because it is usually the first casing
string set in competent formation and provides the anchor and base for the BOP stack.
Normally, the surface casing is cemented to the top of the hole to protect shallow,
fresh water sands from contamination and to prevent well pressure from broaching
outside of the pipe to the surface in well control situations. Also, the annular space
between the conductor and the surface casing shall be filled with cement or gravel to
center the wellhead under the rotary table, stabilize the BOP assembly, and for
compressive loading. This procedure is specified by some regulatory agencies.
The starting point of any blowout preventer assembly is the casing to which the
wellhead is connected. The top casing joints and the BOP assembly must be designed
to withstand the maximum anticipated surface pressure for each well drilled.
3.2 BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK REQUIREMENTS

Blowout Preventer Pressure Rating Requirements
The minimum working pressure rating permitted for the BOP stack will be determined
on an individual well basis. BOP Equipment shall meet original equipment
manufacturer's requirements.
The working pressure of the BOP stack shall be equal to or greater than the required
working pressure of the wellhead upon which it is installed. The required working
pressure shall be greater than the calculated maximum anticipated surface pressure
(MASP) for the open hole interval and/or cased hole interval for which the BOP stack is
being utilized. The maximum anticipated surface pressure shall be determined by (1)
ExxonMobil Bridging Document for Interim Well Casing and Tubing Design, 2000 or (2)
Applicable Regulatory requirements, whichever is greater. Prior to issuance of this
new ExxonMobil casing and tubing design manual, either heritage-Exxon (EPRCO
Casing and Tubing Manual) or heritage-Mobil (Mobil LRFD Casing and Tubing Design
Manual) methods shall continue to be used, at the discretion of the individual Drill
Team.
A typical BOP stack rated to 3 kpsi or 5 kpsi may have all the ram preventers and the
annular preventer of the same pressure rating. However, a BOP stack with 10 kpsi ram
preventers can have an annular preventer rated to 5 kpsi. Also a BOP stack with 15
kpsi ram preventers can have an annular preventer rated to 10 kpsi.
In those instances when equipment is used with a rating greater than required,
(because of surplus or availability), the required working pressure rating applies rather
than the higher rating of the installed equipment (see Section 10.3 for BOP testing
details).
Blowout Preventer Ram Lock Requirements
Blowout preventers equipped with automatic ram locks are acceptable. BOP's
equipped with manually operated ram locks must be provided with one set of operating
handles (Hand Wheels) on location to operate the ram locks on one ram preventer.
(Have one set of hand wheels, 24"-36", for each type ram, if the stack arrangement has
different type rams). Hand wheels shall be installed on the master rams on land,
barge and self-contained platform rigs and available for installation on jack-up rigs.
Drilling Spools and BOP Outlets
A flanged drilling spool of sufficient height to allow stripping shall be used for
choke and kill line outlets on all BOP stacks (see Table 3-L). The two flanged side
outlets shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 3” (choke line) and 2” (kill line) for all
wells.
Some contractors have valves installed on the side outlets of the ram preventers which
are an additional “leak” hazard. These valves shall be removed and the side outlets

blind flanged when a drilling spool is used. Wellhead outlets below the BOP stack
must not be used for well control operations except in extreme emergencies.
In order to test the blind rams located below the drilling spool in a three ram BOP
stack, the side outlet below the blind rams can be doubled-valved for BOP test
purposes only. This is done to avoid the use of a locking screw test port in the well
head. The valves shall have the same working pressure as the BOP and shall remain
on the BOP stack for the entire well.
Casinghead and Tubinghead Requirements
Casingheads and tubingheads shall be equipped with hold down screws for locking
down casing and tubing hangers and may also be used to secure a test plug in the
wellhead. Packing on the locking studs shall be checked for leaks while testing and
replaced as required. Spare locking studs and packing shall be kept on the rig.

TABLE 3-A
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOP UNITS
Version July 2000
The selection of blowout preventers to be used on any well shall be limited to those specific hydraulically-operated BOP units listed and described below.
The use of any other BOP unit will require an exception approval.
Plastic Energized Acceptable

Acceptable BOP Unit Seals Required(3) Ram Blocks(1) Acceptable Rubber Elements(2)
C 1. Type U, UII and TL Yes Cameron CAMRAM - all muds and H2S
A (250° Service)
M CAMRAM 350 - all muds and H2S
E (350° Service)
R 2. Type QRC Yes Cameron SuperWear - all muds and H2S - Rubber element O.E.M.
O Replacement by special order only
N
1. Ram BOP Yes Hydril A. 18-3/4" 15,000 psi Elastomer Rating
Fixed BORE STD Rating 250°F
--- Hi-Temp Rating 350°F
Variable BORE STD Rating 250°F
H B. ≤ 10,000 psi
Y Fixed BORE NBR 212°F
D XNBR 250°F
R Variable BORE NBR 212°F
I XNBR 250°F
L
3-4
C. ≥ 15,000 psi
Fixed BORE XNBR 250°F
XNBR (Hi-Temp) 350°F
XHSN (Hi-Temp/Hi- H2S) 350°F
Variable BORE XNBR 212°F
XNBR (ECO) 212°F
(A, B, and C are all Nitrile for all muds and H2S)
(ECO is a Hydrin compound in the wing area of the VBR for better low temperature properties)
NRB = Nitrile; XNBR = CARBOXYLATED Nitrile
D. Natural Rubber (NR) (-30°F to 225°F) water base mud and H2S
2. Annular BOP E. Nitrile (NBR) (-30°F to 180°F) all muds and H2S
(GK, GKS, GX, MSP)
F. Neoprene (CR) (-30°F to 170°F) all muds at low temp. and H2S
S 1. Type SL Yes Type 60(4), 70H, 73, 75, A. ULTRATEMP Ram Rubber (-20°F to 350°F) all muds and H2S (pipe and shear)
H 2. Type LWS Yes 75H B. T-SL (T70 or T75) Ram Rubber (-10°F to 250°F) drill stem testing (pipe)
A 3. Type LWP (3 ksi WP) No C. Critical Service (CS) Ram Rubber (-10°F to 350°F) drill stem testing (pipe)
F D. Standard Ram Rubber (-10°F to 200°F) all muds and H2S (pipe and shear)
F 4. Annular BOP --- E. Nitrile – blue (40°F to 170°F) oil and water base muds and H2S
E (Spherical/Wedglok) F. Natural Rubber – black (-20°F to 170°F) water base muds and H2S
R G. Neoprene - discontinued
(1) Other mfgr. ram blocks unacceptable.

(2) As supplied by the respective BOP manufacturer.
(3) Secondary seals required on all ram preventers 5,000 psi and above.
(4) Type 60 blocks are acceptable but have been discontinued.
(5) Hydril model GL and Cameron D requires managerial approval prior to use because of difficulty in stripping.
BOP Spare Parts Inventory
A list of BOP spare parts for each rig shall be prepared on an individual well basis.
The extent of the inventory shall be based on well control risk for each well and the
availability within a reasonable time from the nearest supply point. For rigs operating
in remote areas and where weather may impact immediate delivery, a large spare parts
inventory can be justified both for well control safety and rig downtime when the BOPE
fails to test.
The following BOP spare parts is an example of suggested items to maintained or
available:
1. Spare annular packer and a complete set of seals for the annular preventer.
2. One complete set of drill pipe rams for each size of drill pipe in use.
3. A complete set of ram rubbers for each size of drill pipe in use and for blind
rams.
4. A complete set of bonnet or door seals for each size and type of ram
preventer.
5. At least one new ring gasket for each size and type of flange in the BOP stack.
6. At least six extra studs with nuts for each size flange in the BOP stack.
7. A minimum of 12 sticks of plastic packing for ram preventer secondary seals.
8. Allen wrench for plastic packing.
9. One spare flexible hydraulic control hose (maximum needed length).
10. Spare choke and kill lines shall be available for remote areas.
11. Packing Puller
Note: Only original equipment manufacturer's spare parts are approved.
Care and Storage of Rubber Products

The performance of blowout preventers depends on the quality and condition of the
rubber products used in them; therefore, procedures for the proper care and storage of
the rubber products shall be followed. The most common causes of deterioration of
rubber products are the presence of heat, sunlight, ozone (O 3 ), and petroleum
products. Care shall be taken to minimize the exposure of rubber goods to these
conditions. The following rules are useful in setting up an adequate storage facility for
rubber goods.
1. Store rubber goods inside a building in as dark an area as possible.
2. The storage area shall be cool [preferably less than 100°F (38°C)] and rubber
parts shall never be stored near heaters, steampipes, radiators, hot metal roofs,
or other hot equipment. Be sure a space heater does not blow hot air over
rubber parts.
3. Store rubber items away from electric motors, switch gear, or any high voltage
equipment which generates ozone.
4. Store rubber goods in a relaxed position. Aging is accelerated if the rubber is
stressed.
5. Keep the storage area as dry as practical and wipe off any oil, grease, or liquids
that may accidentally spill on the rubber.
6. Contractors shall track the age of all rubber goods inside the BOP and track the
number of closures on the annular element.
Note: A durometer gauge that measures rubber hardness can be used to
determine if rubber goods still meet manufacturers' specifications.

3.3 BOP STACK COMPONENTS
Wellhead Assemblies
The wellhead A and B Sections provide the vital connection between the casing strings
and the BOP stack or Christmas tree necessary to drill and produce the well. The
wellhead assembly serves several important purposes:
• to support a large part of the weight of the subsequent casing strings,
• to provide a pressure seal between the outer and inner casings strings, and
• to provide an outlet to monitor and, if necessary, bleed off pressure that might
accumulate between the two strings.
The wellhead outlets shall be equipped with two valves during all drilling or workover
operations. The outside valve shall always be a working valve to minimize wear on the
valve next to the wellhead. The inside valve is considered the master valve and shall
be for emergency use only since it is essential during the entire production life of the
well. For remote locations, consideration may be given to VR plugs, wrenches and
lubricators on drilling/workover locations when working through casing valves which
might be used to repair leaking or defective valves.
The proper wellhead wear bushing shall be used to protect the wellhead during drilling
and tripping operations. Only the longer, heavy wall (3/4" thickness), bit retrievable
wear bushings shall be used when possible. Past experience has shown that the
shorter type wear bushing can become cocked and wedged in the BOP stack while
setting or retrieving. The thin wall wear bushing can also be worn through during the
drilling operation and can result in wellhead damage. The proper wear bushing
retrieving tool threaded on both ends must be kept on the rig. This can allow the wear
bushing to be retrieved without the entire drill string being tripped out of the hole.
A process for installation, removal and use of wear bushings and test plugs shall be
developed for each wellsite. Each process can include the following:
• Drilling Supervisor notification prior to any work performed on the wellhead or
installation of any equipment into the head
• Draining the BOP stack and visually confirming proper setting.
• Identification of designated lock down screws utilizing tags and paint
(ExxonMobil critical valve tags.) Proper in and out screw travel measured and
recorded.
• Drilling Supervisor witnessing and verifying all lock screw operations.
• Maximum allowable loading of the test plug can be determined by the weight
below the test plug combined with the test pressure. The maximum allowable
load can be supplied by the wellhead manufacturer for the test plug and
wellhead section.
The following procedure is recommended when the wear bushing ID is smaller than the
OD of the stabilizers; this procedure can ensure that the wear bushing seats properly.
• Place the wear bushing on top of the last stabilizer to go in the hole, and land
the bushing in the wellhead.
• Have an extra stabilizer on the floor to install in the drill collar string above the
wear bushing.
• Install the extra stabilizer in the drill collar string, and push the wear bushing into
proper seating.

• Measure the distance from the top of the rotary to the wear bushing seat to be
certain the wear bushing is properly located.
• Pull up and remove the extra stabilizer.
• Drain the BOP stack and visually inspect the placement of the bushing.
Annular Preventers
The annular or bag-type preventer is normally the first preventer activated to shut in
the well. As shown in Figure 3-B, the annular preventer utilizes an elastomer (rubber,
nitrile, etc.) element which surrounds the wellbore. Closure is effected by applying
hydraulic pressure to a piston below the element and compressing the packing element
into the wellbore. The preventer is opened by applying hydraulic pressure above the
piston but only the elasticity of the element causes it to open. Annular preventers have
the capability of sealing around various sizes of drill collars, drill pipe, and kellys;
however, they will not seal on stabilizers or grooved drill collars. Annular preventers
can close completely to seal across an open wellbore without pipe in the hole but this
feature shall not be relied upon and could require up to 3,000 psi (Cameron Type "D"
Annular). This practice drastically shortens the packing unit life and shall be used only
in emergencies.
Figure 3-B
Hydril GK Annular Preventer
The recommended hydraulic closing pressure for annular preventers during well control
operations is 1,500 psi. After the initial seal is obtained, hydraulic pressure can be
reduced to the level necessary to contain well pressure. This minimizes damage to the
packing element and extends its effective life. Manufacturers of annular preventers
provide charts showing recommended closing pressures for each size preventer based
on casing pressure after the well is shut in; however, the general field rule for a
surface BOP system is to gradually reduce hydraulic pressure until slight leakage
occurs around the pipe. This places the packing element in a “relaxed position” for
working the drill pipe up and down through the preventer to prevent the pipe from
sticking. A small amount of fluid leakage lubricates and cools the packing unit to
prolong its life.

In annular preventers, wellbore pressure effects the operating pressure needed to
maintain closure. During stripping operations, a minimum closing pressure, as
recommended by the manufacturer, must be applied and slight leakage around the
pipe can be expected. This fluid can be captured and routed to the trip tank for
measurement. An annular preventer shall never be operated without hydraulic closing
pressure. If only well pressure is relied on to maintain closure, the packing unit may
suddenly open with a reduction in well pressure. Also, the pressure seal may be lost
around the body of the drill pipe after a tool joint slides through the packing element.
Likewise, opening pressure can cause the preventer to open if well bore pressure is
lost while stripping.
For stripping operations, the annular preventer has the ability to maintain a seal even
while tool joints are sliding through the packing element. To perform stripping
operations, the hydraulic closing pressure is controlled by a regulator on the closing
manifold. Stripping a tool joint through the preventer can cause an increase in
hydraulic closing pressure as the packing element is forced open to accommodate the
larger diameter tool joint. As the packing element contracts after the tool joint passes,
hydraulic closing pressure can decrease. The regulator can maintain a constant
hydraulic pressure by allowing hydraulic fluid to bleed off or to be added during this
operation. Slow response of most regulators requires that the tool joint be worked
through the preventer very slowly.
Annular stripping friction for tool joints can sometimes be excessive. URC testing has
demonstrated forces of 40k - 65k lbs (with 1,000 psi well pressure) may be required to
move the tool joint through an annular preventer (13-3/8" to 21-1/4" size). If
insufficient string weight exists, then reducing well pressure by lubrication of heavier
mud (by volumetric well control) can help reduce stripping forces. If the stripping
forces are still too high for annular stripping, then annular-to-ram or ram-to-ram
stripping may be necessary.
When stripping through annulars, a surge bottle may be installed on the closing line to
avoid or minimize fluid by-pass and spurting when tool joints slide through the element.
Stripping through an annular preventer is preferred over ram preventer stripping
because of the speed and relative simplicity of the operation; however, the major
concern in any stripping operation is a safe method to move the large tool joints
through the preventer stack. The stripping method selected has to be a judgment
decision based on shut-in surface pressure, length and weight of pipe to be stripped,
and size of the tool joints. At present, ExxonMobil normally limits stripping through an
annular preventer to surface pressures below 1,500 psi or 30% of the rated working
pressure of the annular preventer, whichever is the lesser. This is based on past field
experience which shows the life of the packing element decreases significantly when
well pressures exceed these limits.
The pressure integrity of the top flange connection on the annular preventer must be
maintained at all times. This can be accomplished by utilizing a ring gasket and a full
set of bolts when installing the bell nipple. If a snubbing unit or a wireline lubricator is
nippled up on top of the annular preventer, this connection will be required to hold the
rated working pressure of the preventer. Ensure that the piston travel inspection port
has a plug installed at all times and remains in good condition. If it is necessary to rig
up on top of the annular, this could be a source for leaks.
Table 3-B (Page 3-10) Shows a comparison of the ExxonMobil accepted annular
preventers.
Special Considerations for Annular Preventers
1. The annular preventer shall be tested to rated working pressure (or working
pressure of casinghead, if less) on the initial rig BOP acceptance test when the
rig initially comes under contract. A full rated working pressure test is also
required after any BOP repairs. Tests on all subsequent wells will be at 70% of
the rated working pressure (or working pressure of the casing head, if less) for
the remainder of the rig contract. Testing to 70% of the rated working pressure
extends the life of the packing element.
2. A 1-inch nominal diameter valve (full opening so as not to restrict hydraulic fluid
flow) shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines next to the
annular preventer. The valves must be equal to the working pressure of the
closing system. These valves shall be in the open position at all times except
when testing hydraulic lines. The valves are required for 2 reasons: 1) Opening
and closing lines can be tested to the closing system working pressure by
closing the valves one at a time preventing damage to the packing element (not
a concern on rams or HCVs) and 2) These valves can also be used to detect
seal leaks between the opening and closing chambers of an annular preventer
In the event the hydraulic seals fail, the valves can be closed to isolate the
closing unit from well pressure. The valves shall not be locked or strapped
open.
3. Hydraulic seal rings are located on annular preventers between (1) the wellbore
and closing chamber (2) the closing and opening chambers, (3) the opening
chamber and the packer element. The location and type of seals vary,
depending on the manufacturer. When testing annular preventers, the hydraulic
closing and opening pressures shall be closely observed for indications of
hydraulic seal failure.
4. Only packing elements which are supplied by the manufacturer of the preventer
can be used. New or repaired units obtained from non O.E.M. suppliers must
never be used due to numerous failures.
5. Based on URC test data, a surge bottle located on the closing line of the annular
preventer can be beneficial for extending the life of the packing element during
stripping operations.
Note: See testing requirements, Section 10.0 for additional testing information.

TABLE 3-B
ANNULAR BOP COMPARISON
POSITIVE/NEGATIVE FEATURES
Equipment Hydril - Type GK Shaffer Spherical Cameron - Type D

Features
Well Bore 1. Wellbore pressure closing assist is 1. Negligible wellbore pressure 1. Negligible wellbore pressure
Pressure a plus in most situations; closing effect; closing pressure closing effect; closing pressure
Closing however, at low closing pressure, a remains constant in normal remains constant in normal
Assist drop in well pressure can open the operation. operation.
BOP.
Fatigue 2. Sealing element (old style) is 2. Good fatigue and stripping life. 2. Good fatigue and stripping life.
Stripping adequate for most situations;
Life however, the unbalanced design
results in relatively low fatigue life
compared to other available
annular BOP models.
Well Bore 3. Wellbore seal failure would allow 3. Wellbore seal failure would 3. Wellbore seal failures (2 static,
Seal well pressure to flow through the result in the same effect as on 2 dynamic) would blow
Failure closing chamber to the closing the GK. unrestricted through the packer
system manifold and relieve body vent hole system until a
through the annular regulator relief ram is closed, however, the
port to the fluid reservoir. If the vent hole system is a plus for
rate is high enough the regulator monitoring seal leakage during
line or tank could disintegrate. routine testing.
Replacing 4. Sealing element can be split in the 4. Sealing element can be split in 4. Sealing element can be split in
element in field. the field but is not the field.
field recommended by
manufacturer.
Replacing 5. Sealing element change in the field 5. Latch and bolt top head design 5. Actuator screw/latch ring top
element in is difficult on the old style screwed- results in easy change of head design is close tolerance;
field head design. packing element. sealing element change
probably will not be difficult but
dependent on good preventive
maintenance.
Design 6. Common and popular; field 6. Relatively few moving parts; 6. More parts and seals; relatively
Features proven; few moving parts. field proven. new packer design.
Design 7. Sealing element/steel segment 7. Sealing element/segment 7. Sealing element/segment

Features design reduces wellbore clearance design has not presented a design appears to be
with use/time. significant clearance problem. unrestrictive in shop
observation; limited data
available form field use.
Design 8. Opening chamber is open to trash 8. Top adapter ring protects 8. Opening chamber is protected
Features contamination when changing the opening chamber. during sealing element change.
sealing element.

TABLE 3-B (continued)
Equipment Hydril - Type GK Shaffer Spherical Cameron - Type D

Features
Close Open Hole 9. Manufacturer states that unit will 9. Manufacturer states that 9. With currently available
close on open hole with 1,500 psi preventer will close on open sealing elements,
or less initially; no data is available hole with 1,500 psi initially; no 2,800-3,000 psi is
on the effect of fatigue/time (use in data is available on the effect of required initially for
field). fatigue/time. open hole closure;
Cameron is
experimenting with a
design which will
initially close on open
hole with 1,500 psi.
Closing Fluid 10. Closing fluid volume higher than 10. Highest closing fluid volume. 10. Lowest closing fluid
Cameron; less than others. volume of available
models.
Dimensions 11. GK designs have greatest height 11. More height requirement than 11. Shortest height
requirement. Cameron; less than GK . requirement.
Closing Pressure 12. No data available on the effect of 12. On some sizes/pressure 12. Manufacturer states
closing pressure on casing ranges, reduced closing that limited testing
(crushing). pressure is required to prevent indicates that closing
crushing casing. pressure will not crush
casing.
Non-OEM 13. Availability of “bootleg” sealing 13. Shaffer has reported availability 13. No information on
elements elements which are marked like of "bootleg" sealing elements “bootleg” element.
new Hydril elements makes field marked like new Shaffer
detection difficult. elements.
NOTE:
1. Comparison data not available for Hydril type GX (Newer Preventer) or Cameron DL.
2. Hydril GK Annular Preventer shown on Page 3-7 (Figure 3-B).
SHAFFER SPHERICAL BOP CAMERON D BOP

Ram Preventers
The ram type blowout preventer (Figure 3-C) differs from the annular preventer
because the sealing element is comparatively rigid and can seal only around a pre-
designated shape. Pipe rams used in blowout preventers are designed to center the
pipe in the hole when the rams are closed; therefore, the rams always close around
and seal properly on the pipe for which they are designed. Rams are available for drill
pipe, casing, tubing, and to close on open hole (blind or shear rams). Dual and offset
rams are also available for completion work.
Figure 3-C
Cameron Type "U" Ram Preventer
As illustrated in Figure 3-C pipe rams have semi-circular openings that fit the exact
diameter of the pipe. If more than one size of drill pipe (tapered string) is in the hole, a
three ram BOP stack must be installed to have both sizes of rams available. The
exception is variable bore rams which are discussed later. Blind rams are blank units
with flat-faced elements that close on open hole. Shear/blind rams enable shearing of
drill pipe and closing on open hole.
Most ram preventers are built with a self-feeding action for the elastomer packing
element, as shown in Figure 3-D.
Drill Pipe
Ram Packing
Element
Extrusion
Plate
Figure 3-D
Self-Feeding Action of Ram Preventers

Steel plates are mounted on the upper and lower surfaces of the ram packing element
as shown. As the two opposing rams close around a joint of pipe, the leading edges of
the metal plates meet before the rams reach the full closed position. Further
movement of the rams causes the steel plates to move rearward. There is a reserve of
elastomer behind the plates. Since the elastomer is only free to move into the area
around the pipe, it extrudes around the pipe to provide a seal. As the elastomer
against the pipe is eroded away during stripping operations, this self-feeding action
causes additional elastomer to move toward the pipe to maintain the seal. The self-
feeding action causes the elastomer seal to extrude a considerable distance into the
wellbore when the rams are closed without pipe in the hole. Overstressing the
elastomer in this manner can cause rapid deterioration and early seal failure. During
function tests, the manifold operating pressure must be reduced to 300 psi and the
pipe rams shall only be closed on the designated size of pipe to prevent damaging the
seals (i.e. not open hole).
The first ram preventers used in drilling operations were manually operated. Threaded
stems were provided to move the rams back and forth between open and closed
positions. It soon became apparent that a faster operating method was needed to
close the rams when a well kicked. This led to the development of hydraulic operated
pistons to close or open the rams. Figure 3-E below is a simplified sketch of a
hydraulically operated ram preventer. Fluid acting on the operating piston closes or
opens the rams.
RAM SHAFT
OPENING PRESSURE
PISTON
PIPE GUIDE CLOSING PRESSURE
RAM
Figure 3-E
Hydraulic Operation of Ram Preventer
Each type and size of ram preventer has a specified opening and closing pressure
ratio. (See Table 3-O, Page 3-78). This is the ratio between well pressure and the
operating pressure needed to open or close the rams. These ratios exist because of
the difference in areas that the opening or closing hydraulic pressure acts on compared
to the ram rod area exposed to wellbore pressure. Closing ratios are generally in the
range of 6:1 to 9:1. This means that it takes 1 psi of closing fluid pressure per 6 to 9
psi of wellbore pressure to close the preventer. (On a preventer with a closing ratio of
6:1, if the wellbore pressure is 3,000 psi, it can take 500 psi closing pressure to close
the preventer). These closing ratios are a key factor when applying API RP 16E (Part
2) to size accumulators for the larger, high pressure ram preventers (Section 5.1, Page
5-4). Opening ratios are much lower because the wellbore pressure acts behind the
ram to oppose opening (a design feature) and the effective areas are different.
Opening ratios between 1:1 and 2:1 are common. Some large preventers have
opening ratios less than 1:1 which means that the opening pressure may exceed the
wellbore pressure. This is a critical point to consider when a closed ram preventer fails
to open within the rated hydraulic pressure of the closing unit. The first check point is
always the pressure under the preventer. In some instances, faulty pressure gauges,
showing erroneous low pressure below the preventer, have resulted in burst casing and
costly underground blowouts. Pressure gauges can always be changed out and
checked to verify whether excessive well pressure is holding the preventer closed.
Hydraulically operated ram preventers are provided with locking-screw stem extensions
and large diameter hand wheels similar to the operating screws of manually closed
preventers. The main purpose for the locking screws is to manually lock the rams in
the closed position after they are shut hydraulically. In an emergency, the screws can
be used to close the rams if the hydraulic system fails. If the locking screws are used
to close the rams, the hydraulic closing unit valve handle must be turned to the closed
position. This can eliminate the possibility of operating fluid being trapped on the
opening side of the actuating pistons.
An optional hydraulic lock mechanism (Cameron's Wedge Lock; Shaffer's Poslock; and
Hydril's MPL) can be used in place of locking screws to lock the rams in the closed
position by remote control. The hydraulic lock holds the rams closed, even though
control pressure is released, until unlocking pressure is applied. The hydraulic ram
lock was developed for subsea BOP stacks and can be used on land rigs in place of
the manually operated locking screws.
ExxonMobil requires that all ram preventers with a rated working pressure of 5,000 psi,
or higher, be equipped with secondary piston rod seals in case the primary rod seals
fail (Figure 3-F below). Due to routine wear, the primary rod seal may leak under
excessive pressure during well control operations. The secondary seal is plastic which
is stored in a cavity until it is activated by forcing it around the ram rod. This seal is
used only during emergency situations. The secondary seal is designed for static
conditions and movement of the rod causes rapid wear of both the seal and rod. The
primary rod seal must always be repaired when the emergency is over. The
secondary seal can be removed by unscrewing the energizing plug, removing the
check valve and digging out the plastic packing. This is required for initial
pressure testing. This assures that the primary lip-type rod seal is tested.
PLASTIC INJECTION SCREW
BACK-UP RINGS
(IN 10,000 AND 15,000 CHECK VALVE
PSI W.P. PREVENTERS ONLY)
ENERGIZING RING
HYCAR LIP SEAL
RETAINER RING AND
LOCKING RING PLASTIC PACKING RING
“O” RING
OPERATING CYLINDER
VENT TO ATMOSPHERE
PREVENTER BODY PREVENTER BONNET
Figure 3-F
Secondary Rod Seal – Cameron "U"
Ram-type preventers for drilling operations are available with working-pressure ratings
of 2,000 to 20,000 psi and as single, double, or triple rams with studded, flanged, or
clamp hub ends.

The most common type ram BOPS are the Cameron type QRC and U, Shaffer LWS,
LWP, and SL, and Hydril Ram. Newer model ram BOPS from Cameron are the type
UII, T, TL, UL, S-QRC, and G-2. The type UII is an updated version of the type U and
improved for subsea use. The type T offers ram change from the side and a shorter
height in large size preventers. The type TL and UL are lighter weight models of the T
and UII. The type S-QRC and G-2 are used for snubbing and workover operations.
The newer preventers are not in common use; however, it is anticipated they may be in
greater use, industry-wide, in the future.
Variable Bore Rams
Variable Bore Rams offer the same pressure and sealing capacity found in standard
pipe rams, while offering the versatility of sealing on various sizes of drill pipe, tubing,
and casing without ram changes. All of the major BOP manufacturers have developed
variable bore rams in various sizes, pressure ratings, and closing ranges. ExxonMobil
has tested and used the Cameron VBR extensively since the middle 1980's. Table 3-C
below shows the sizes, hang off capabilities, and some other information about the
Cameron VBR. Fixed bore rams (non-VBR's) shall be installed in the bottom ram
preventer of any BOP stack arrangement. VBR's may be used in any ram preventer
except the bottom ram preventer.
Stripping operations are not recommended by the manufacturer for any variable bore
ram. If stripping is necessary, a lower ram can be closed and the variable rams can be
replaced with fixed bore rams of the appropriate size. Variable bore rams must be
tested on all pipe sizes in use. The following charts show the size ranges and hangoff
capacities for various brands of BOPS.

Table 3-C
Estimates of Cameron VBR and FLEXPACKER Hang-off Capacity (lb)
CAMERON DATA VARIABLE BORE RAM DRILL PIPE TOOL JOINT HANGOFF CAPACITY (LB)
MIN SIZE MAX SIZE 2-3/8 2-7/8 3-1/2 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 7-5/8
7-1/16 x 3/15MxU 2-3/8 3-1/2 30,000 30,000 150,000 X X X X X

2-7/8 4 X 30,000 100,000 X X X X X
11x3/5MxU 2-7/8 5 X 30,000 110,000 150,000 300,000 X X X
11x3/10MxU *2-3/8 3-1/2 30,000 30,000 150,000 X X X X X
*3-1/2 5 X X 100,000 150,000 300,000 X X X
11x10MxU 3-1/2 5 X X 110,000 150,000 300,000 X X X
11x15MxU 2-7/8 5 X 40,000 150,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
*2-3/8 3-1/2 30,000 30,000 150,000 X X X X X
2-7/8 5 X 30,000 150,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
13-5/8x3/10MxU
*3-1/2 5 X X 150,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
3-1/2 5-1/2 X X 150,000 200,000 450,000 450,000 X X
*5 6-5/8 X X X X 150,000 240,000 450,000 X
4-1/2 7 X X X 140,000 190,000 240,000 450,000
3-1/2 5 X X 200,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
13-5/8x15MxU
3-1/2 5-1/2 X X 200,000 200,000 450,000 450,000 X X
5 7 X X X X 250,000 300,000 450,000 X
13-5/8x10MxT & T
2-7/8 5 X 30,000 150,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
2-7/8 5 X 70,000 294,000 300,000 450,000 X X X
16-3/4x5/10MxU
5 7 X X X X 285,000 285,000 450,000 X
16-3/4x5MxU 3-1/2 7 X X 185,000 210,000 285,000 285,000 450,000 X
*2-7/8 5 X 30,000 30,000 150,000 450,000 X X X
*3-1/2 5 X X 150,000 200,000 450,000 X X X
18-3/4x5/10MxU
*3-1/2 5-1/2 X X 100,000 175,000 375,000 450,000 X X
*5 6-5/8 X X X X 150,000 240,000 450,000 X
3-1/2 7-5/8 X X 200,000 240,000 350,000 350,000 375,000 450,000
18-3/4x10MxUII 2-7/8 5 X 120,000 300,000 350,000 450,000 X X X
3-1/2 5 X X 200,000 240,000 350,000 350,000 375,000 450,000
18-3/4x15MxUII 3-1/2 5 X X 300,000 350,000 450,000 X X X
5 7-5/8 X X X X 350,000 350,000 375,000 450,000
18-3/4x10/15MxUI *3-1/2 5 X X 250,000 350,000 450,000 X X X
*5 6-5/8 X X X X 250,000 350,000 450,000 X
18-3/4x5/10MxTL 3-1/2 7-5/8 X X 60,000 175,000 225,000 275,000 350,000 450,000
*3-1/2 5 X X 140,000 240,000 450,000 X X X
3-1/2 5-1/2 X X 140,000 240,000 450,000 450,000 X X
18-3/4x15MxT & T *5 5-1/2 X X X X 450,000 450,000 X X
3-1/2 6-5/8 X X 140,000 240,000 300,000 350,000 600,000 X
3-1/2 7-5/8 X X 140,000 240,000 300,000 350,000 375,000 450,000
*5 6-5/8 X X X X 250,000 350,000 450,000 X
W/SPECIAL RAM *5 6-5/8 X X X X 600,000 600,000 600,000 X
20-3/4x3MxU *5 7 X X X X 100,000 125,000 250,000 X
21-1/4X2MxU *5 7 X X X X 100,000 125,000 250,000 X
• VBR's may require functioning several times, upon installation, to obtain an initial seal; • Wear life decreases as wellbore pressure increases.
• When a choice exists, it is preferred to hang-off on a fixed-bore ram (FBR) rather than a VBR. • Hang off capacities also apply to Cameron Type T & TL BOP Preventers.
• The closing pressure required to maintain a seal decreases as wellbore pressure increases. • Bold denotes actual test results.
• Both 2-7/8” - 5” and 3-1/2” - 7” packer elements can last through 546 closures and * Denotes FLEXPACKER NR Design
78 pressure tests at 200 psi and 5,000 psi on both 3-1/2” OD and 5” OD pipe.

Table 3-D
Shaffer
Multi-Ram Assemblies -- Model SL, LWS and Sentinel BOP's
BORE SIZE
PIPE SIZE PIPE SUSPENSION (000 LBS)
(inches)
RANGE
WORKING PRESSURE
(inches) 2-3/8 2-7/8 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 7
(psi)
7-1/16 3000 Sentinel 2-3/8 – 2-7/8 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
7-1/16 5000 LWS 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 0 0 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
7-1/16 10,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 0 0 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
3
7-1/16 15,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 0 0 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
4
7-1/16 10,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 50 50 300 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
4,8
7-1/16 15,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 50 50 300 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
5,7
7-1/16 10,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 50 50 300 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
5.7.8
7-1/16 15,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 50 50 300 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
7-1/16 10/15,000 LWS 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 0 0 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
11 5,000 LWS 2-7/8 – 5 ---- ---- 0 0 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2
11 10,000 SL 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 0 0 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
2
11 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 0 0 400 600 ---- ---- ----
1
13-5/8 5,000 SL/LWS 2-7/8 – 5-1/2 ---- 0 0 0 0 500 600 ---- ----
1,7
13-5/8 5,000 SL/LWS 2-7/8 – 5-1/2 ---- 0 0 0 0 500 600 ---- ----
1,3
13-5/8 5,000 SL/LWS 4-1/2 - 7 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
1.3.6
13-5/8 5,000 SL/LWS 4-1/2 – 7 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
2
13-5/8 10,000 SL/LWS 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 0 0 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2
13-5/8 10,000 SL/LWS 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2,7
13-5/8 10,000 SL/LWS 5 – 6-5/8 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 400 400 600 ----
6,7
13-5/8 10,000 SL/LWS 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2
13-5/8 10,000 SL/LWS 2-3/8 – 3-1/2 ---- ---- 400 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
2,7,8
13-5/8 15,000 SL/LWS 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2,7,8
13-5/8 15,000 SL/LWS 5–7 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 300 300 600 ----
1
16-3/4 5,000 SL/LWS 3-1/2 – 5-1/2 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 600 ---- ----
1,3,7
16-3/4 5,000 SL/LWS 5–7 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 400 400 600 ----
2
16-3/4 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2
18-3/4 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2,7
18-3/4 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2
18-3/4 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5-1/2 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 600 ---- ----
7
18-3/4 10,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5-1/2 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 600 ---- ----
2
18-3/4 10,000 SL 5 – 6-5/8 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 400 400 600 ----
2
18-3/4 15,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
2,7
18-3/4 15,000 SL 3-1/2 – 5 ---- ---- 200 200 400 600 ---- ---- ----
1
20-3/4 3,000 LWS 3-1/2 – 5-1/2 ---- ---- 200 200 200 600 600 ---- ----
2
20-3/4 3,000 LWS 4-1/2 – 7 ---- ---- ---- ---- 300 300 300 600 ----
1
21-3/4 2.000 LWS 3-1/2 – 5-1/2 ---- ---- 200 200 200 600 600 ---- ----
2
21-3/4 2.000 LWS 4-1/2 – 7 ---- ---- ---- ---- 300 300 300 600 ----
Notes: 1. 10" cylinders required (minimum) 5. Tubing suspension and API 16A
2. 14" cylinders (manual or Ultralock) 6. API 16A, (0ºF/-18ºC)
3. 14" cylinders use 1,500 psi operating pressure
7. API 16A, (-20ºF/-29ºC)
10" cylinders use 3,000 psi operating pressure
4. Tubing suspension 8. 2,250 psi operating pressure

Table 3-E
HYDRIL VARIABLE RAM
HYDRIL Ram BOP Hangoff Capacity

PIPE RAM
BOP RAM VARIABLE RAM DRILL PIPE TOOL JOINT HANGOFF CAPACITY (LB)
ASSEMBLY
SIZE MIN SIZE MAX SIZE PART NUMBER 2-7/8 3-1/2 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8
7-1/16 - 5,000 3-1/2 3104692-8 X 100,000 X X X X
Workover 2-3/8 2-7/8 3104952 100,000 X X X X X
5 3112082-10 X X X 600,000 X X
2-7/8 5 3118935 300,000 450,000 450,000 550,000 X X
13-5/8 - 5,000 3-1/2 5-1/2 3104815 X 450,000 450,000 500,000 600,000 X
3-1/2 6 3112085 X 400,000 400,000 250,000 250,000 X
4-1/2 7 3112083 X X 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000
5 3102057-4 X X X 600,000 X X
2-7/8 5 3118957 300,000 450,000 450,000 550,000 X X
13-5/8 - 10,000 3-1/2 5-1/2 3104817 X 450,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 X
3-1/2 6 3104348 X 400,000 400,000 250,000 250,000 X
5 7 3117613 X X X 500,000 500,000 500,000
5 3112521-4 X X X 600,000 X X
13-5/8 - 15,000 3-1/2 5 3112535 X 450,000 450,000 600,000 X X
5 7 3112536 X X X 600,000 600,000 600,000
5 3115099-04 X X X 600,000 X X
2-7/8 5-1/2 3117341 150,000 450,000 450,000 550,000 600,000 X
18-3/4 - 5,000 3-1/2 5 3115101 X 400,000 450,000 600,000 X X
3-1/2 5-1/2 3118836 X 450,000 450,000 500,000 500,000 X
4-1/2 7 3117342 X X 200,000 200,000 450,000 600,000
5 3115099-04 X X X 600,000 X X
18-3/4 - 10,000 3-1/2 5 3115101 X 400,000 450,000 600,000 X X
3-1/2 5-1/2 3118836 X 450,000 450,000 500,000 500,000 X
4-1/2 7 3117342 X X 200,000 200,000 450,000 600,000
5 3116832-04 X X X 550,000 X X
3-1/2 5 3104992 X 350,000 450,000 600,000 X X
18-3/4 - 15,000 3-1/2 5-1/2 3116833 X 450,000 450,000 500,000 500,000 X
4-1/2 7 3118844 X X 450,000 500,000 500,000 500,000
5-1/2 7-5/8 3124649 X X X X 500,000 500,000
5 3112180-10 X X X 600,000 X X
21-1/4 - 2,000 2-7/8 5 3112204 200,000 200,000 450,000 600,000 X X
4-1/2 7 3112205 X X 200,000 250,000 250,000 250,000
5 3112180-10 X X X 600,000 X X
20-3/4 - 3,000 2-7/8 5 3112204 200,000 200,000 450,000 600,000 X X
4-1/2 7 3112205 X X 200,000 250,000 250,000 250,000
5 3112180-10 X X X 600,000 X X
21-1/4 - 5,000 2-7/8 5 3112204 200,000 200,000 450,000 600,000 X X
4-1/2 7 3112205 X X 200,000 250,000 250,000 250,000
Denotes calculated value

Cameron FLEXPACKER Ram
The FLEXPACKER ram is the latest development by Cameron in multiple-bore sealing for
ram-type BOP's. Each FLEXPACKER ram element is designed to close and seal around
three (or more) diameters of tubing and drill pipe. The packers were designed for and
can be used in existing Cameron "U" BOP's.
A photograph of a Cameron FLEXPACKER ram element is shown in Figure 3-G below.
Stacks of metal inserts (anti-extrusion plates), bonded into the elastomer and held in
place by pins, move radially within the elastomer as the BOP rams are closed against
drill pipe or tubing. Each layer of metal segments is machined to fit a specific pipe size
within the diameter range. As the rams are closed around the pipe and the elastomer
energized, the proper set of inserts are forced against the pipe. The top and bottom
plates of the ram packer element fits the largest diameter of pipe for which the element is
designed.
Figure 3-G
Cameron FLEXPACKER Ram Element
Unlike Cameron's Variable Bore Rams (VBRs), FLEXPACKER rams cannot seal around
an infinite range of pipe diameters within their design range. Typically, each
FLEXPACKER ram element is designed to seal around three specific drill pipe or tubing
diameters. The exception to this is the FLEXPACKER designed for 18-3/4", 10,000 psi
preventers; that FLEXPACKER can seal around four discrete pipe/tubing diameters
within its design range. FLEXPACKER rams are considered VBR's with regards to ram
types in the context of this manual.
Technical specification for the BOP sizes, pressure ratings, and pipe sizes to which
FLEXPACKER are applicable are provided below. The FLEXPACKER ram elements
described below are the only ones currently available from Cameron. High
Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT) elements are currently undergoing research and
development.
Table 3-F
Specifications for FLEXPACKER Rams
BOP Pressure Drill Pipe/Tubing OD Drill Pipe/Tube Sizes for
Bore Size Rating(s) Range Effective Seal
(inches) (psi) (inches) (inches)

11" 3,000, 5,000, 10,000 2-3/8" to 3-1/2" 2-3/8", 2-7/8", 3-1/2"
13-5/8" 3,000, 5,000, 10,000 2-3/8" to 3-1/2" 2-3/8", 2-7/8", 3-1/2"
18-3/4" 10,000 2-7/8" to 5" 2-7/8", 3-1/2", 4-1/2", 5"
20-3/4" 3,000 5 " to 7" 5", 5-1/2", 7"
21-1/4" 2,000 5" to 7" 5", 5-1/2", 7"

Cameron does not recommend that FLEXPACKERS be used in a stripping operation. If
stripping is necessary, the FLEXPACKER must be replaced with fixed bore rams.
Cameron recommends hanging off only the largest pipe size for each ram size range.
When the largest O.D. pipe or tubing is in use, the pipe rests directly on the ram block.
FLEXPACKERS shall not be closed on pipe sizes for which there are no matching metal
segments. If "in between" pipe sizes are to be used in the well, the FLEXPACKERS
shall be replaced with conventional variable bore rams (VBR's). FLEXPACKERS shall
not be installed in the bottom preventer of any BOP stack arrangement and must be
tested on the pipe sizes in use.
Blind/Shear Rams
All major blowout preventer manufacturers offer blind/shear rams in their equipment line.
Blind/shear rams enable shearing of drill pipe, closing, and sealing on open hole. Shear
rams are used mainly in subsea BOP stacks, however more recently have been used in
other applications such as underbalanced drilling operations. Also, for wells requiring
15k psi BOP's, blind/shear rams may be a viable option to consider. BOP's used for
shearing operations are equipped with large bore shear bonnets or shear bonnets with
tandem boosters to provide the hydraulic force necessary to shear pipe. Shear rams
cannot shear tool joints or drill collars. The closing unit may be required to provide up to
3,000 psi closing pressure for shearing pipe. For this reason, the manufacturer's
recommendations shall be closely followed for any shearing applications. Shear rams
shall be re-tested following any shearing operation. Shaffer BOP's equipped with
hydraulic ram locking systems need the locking system re-adjusted when changing from
shear rams to standard rams because of the different hydraulic operating pressures.
Special Considerations for Ram Preventers
1. Wellbore pressure assists in sealing ram preventers because they are designed to
hold pressure from the lower side. This means they will not seal properly if
installed upside down. Ram preventers are not designed to be pressure tested from
the topside, since this can damage the preventer. Rams shall only be pressure
tested from the bottom side. Field experience has shown that ram preventers are
more likely to leak with a low wellbore pressure than a high pressure. For this
reason, they shall always be tested at 200 psi prior to the high pressure test.
2. When in good operating condition, ram preventers close with 300 psi or less
hydraulic pressure without wellbore pressure. If higher closing pressure is
necessary during test operations, the preventer must be checked for mud, cement,
or other debris in the ram cavity. If this is not the problem, the preventer shall be
inspected for piston rod misalignment or other damage.
3. Ram preventers can close more rapidly than annular preventers, especially in the
larger sizes. Usually, ram preventers require only one-third or less the hydraulic
fluid volume to close compared to an annular preventer. In instances where
mechanical problems prevent rapid closure of the annular preventer, a ram
preventer can be closed until the problems are corrected. A closing time test shall
be conducted on each preventer in the stack during initial testing operations.
4. The control handle on the closing unit for operating blind or blind/shear rams shall
always be protected against accidental closure with pipe in the hole. Numerous
costly incidents have resulted from accidentally closing the blind rams and flattening
or cutting the drill pipe during well control or drilling operations. A hinged, flip-up
cover without a locking device shall be used. If the handle is locked in the open
position, it prevents closing the preventer from a remote station. ALWAYS VERIFY
THERE ARE NO LOCK, CLIP OR TIE DOWN DEVICES ON THE CLOSING HANDLE
OF BLIND RAMS.
5. Pipe ram elements, when closed and locked, can be used to support the weight of
the drill string by hanging-off a tool joint on the ram blocks. The recommended load
limit for the particular ram blocks in use shall be checked prior to hanging-off since
considerable variation exists in load carrying capacity, especially with variable bore
rams. Some manufacturers use ram blocks with special hardened inlays for hang off
purposes.
6. Although aluminum drill pipe is seldom utilized, special attention must be given to
ram size selection. For example, 5” aluminum drill pipe has an outside body
diameter of 5.150”, versus a 5.000” body diameter for 5” steel pipe. In addition, 5”
aluminum pipe has a tapered transition zone for a length of 41” - 46” on both the
box and pin ends from 5.150” OD up to 5.688” OD. Thus, regular 5” ram blocks
must be slightly modified to seal and not damage the main tube section of
aluminum pipe. Also, the rams will not seal on the tapered end sections. Special
well control procedures must be established when using aluminum pipe. Variable
bore rams can be used with aluminum drill pipe, and some manufacturer's make
special rams for use with aluminum pipe.
7. Ram preventers can be used to strip drill pipe in or out of the hole under pressure,
but it is necessary to use two preventers, and they must be separated sufficiently to
provide space for tool joints. The upper and lower rams are alternately closed and
opened as tool joints are pulled through. The upper and lower rams of most double
ram preventers are too close together for this purpose. Excessive hydraulic
pressure must not be applied on the rams when working pipe under pressure
because it tends to wear the resilient material of the ram. THE LOWERMOST RAM
IN THE BOP STACK MUST NEVER BE USED FOR STRIPPING BECAUSE IT IS
ALWAYS CONSIDERED THE MASTER VALVE. If there are not enough pipe rams
in the stack to comply with the above, the lowermost ram can be used to secure the
well while the blind ram is converted to a fixed bore ram, then stripping can proceed
with the lowermost ram left open.
Note:
1. If a QRC preventer is reconverted back to a blind ram, always install pipe
sleeves over the ram shafts to keep the blinds from pinching the pipe when the
bonnets are closed. After securing the bonnets, remove the sleeves and the
blind ram is returned to its original condition.
2. Refer to Section 10.0 for all test requirements.
Drilling/Spacer Spools
Drilling spools are required for choke and kill line outlets on all BOP stack
arrangements. The reasons are: (1) to allow additional space between upper ram
preventers to facilitate stripping operations, and (2) to localize possible erosion during
well control operations in the replaceable (even with pressure on the well) and less
expensive spool. Drilling spools shall meet the following minimum specifications:
1. Designed and fabricated in accordance with API 6A "Specification for Wellhead
and Christmas Tree Equipment" and API 16-A "Specification for Drill Through
Equipment".
2. Have side outlets no smaller than 2" nominal diameter for the kill line and 3"
nominal diameter for the choke line for API Class 2K, 3K, 5K, 10K and 15K. Most
drilling spools manufactured today have the same size outlets for the choke and
kill line connections.
3. Have a vertical bore diameter at least equal to the maximum bore of the BOP
stack.
4. Have a working pressure rating equal to the rated working pressure of the BOP
stack.
Table 3-L, Page 3-73 shows dimensional data for Hydril's flanged and hub drilling
spools.
Caution: If an exception is granted to use side outlets on a BOP in lieu of a drilling
spool, drift the side outlets to ensure there are no restrictions.
Spacer Spools are used between the top wellhead section and the bottom flange of the
BOP stack, and can range from a few feet in length to 30 or 40 feet. Spacer spools for
BOP stacks shall meet the following minimum specifications:
1. Designed and fabricated in accordance with API 6A "Specification for Wellhead
and Christmas Tree Equipment" and API 16-A "Specification for Drill Through
Equipment".
2. No side outlets are allowed unless an exception approval is obtained.
3. Have a vertical bore diameter at least equal to the maximum bore of the BOP
stack.
4. Have a working pressure rating equal to the rated working pressure of the
attached ram preventer.
Rotating Heads/Rotating BOP's

Rotating heads are utilized in some operational areas for controlled pressure drilling.
This special purpose preventer is bolted on top of the BOP stack and is used to seal
around the kelly while it is rotating. The elastomer packing element is attached to the
kelly and rotates while the outer body remains stationary. Rotating head units shall be
service limited by ExxonMobil to 250 psi. Rotating BOP units shall be service limited by
ExxonMobil to 1,000 psi.
In a typical underbalanced drilling application, the rotating head or rotating blowout
preventer (RBOP) is installed above a conventional BOP stack. They are needed to
circulate out gas cut drilling fluids and formation fluids through a choke manifold into
separators and other surface facilities. If the surface pressures exceed a pre-specified
operating level, drilling is suspended and the well is shut in by closing the annular or ram
BOP. The well is killed by either bullheading or circulating until the well pressure is
reduced to a pre-specified operating pressure. Past experience has shown that influxes
of gas from fractures in the formation can cause the surface pressure to increase rapidly.
Such surface pressure increases have resulted in the failure of the rotating head packing
element. For this reason, ExxonMobil has established a self imposed, experience based
limit of 250 psi maximum surface pressure on the rotating head and 1,000 psi on the
rotating BOP in the drilling mode. This limit can allow the driller enough time to shut the
well in before exceeding the operating limits of the equipment. Being that this equipment
is being continuously utilized in an underbalanced situation, it is extremely important to
monitor the condition of this equipment and perform the required preventive maintenance
as recommended by the manufacturer.
The rotating BOP must have a transducer mounted with a pressure read out on the drill
floor for constant pressure monitoring. The transducer must be mounted without a shut
off valve. This "will" avoid accidental closure giving the driller a false read out. The
check valve on the line from the trip tank can prevent flow to the trip tank if the rotating
head is closed while tripping due to a well control problem. The bleed off valve can allow
pressure to be bled off below the rotating head if another BOP in the stack is closed. All
valves and piping adjacent to the rotating head must have a minimum inside diameter of
2" and have the same working pressure or greater as the rotating head. Schematic of a
typical rig up is shown in Figure 3-H.

DRILLER FLOOR READOUT
ROTATING HEAD
TRANSDUCER
BLEED OFF
VALVE
BLIND FLANGE
CHECK VALVE
VALVES
FROM
TRIP TANK
Figure 3-H
Typical Rotating Head Rig-up
Rotating heads are commonly employed when drilling underbalanced or with either air or
aerated muds. In addition, they are needed to circulate out low rate gas influxes while
continuing to drill with a relatively light weight mud. This practice sometimes permits a
faster penetration rate and eliminates drilling time that would normally be lost in
circulating out gas with the preventers closed. It is important to realize that this practice
depends upon the absence of significant formation permeability.
Pressure controlled drilling is successfully used in hard rock areas where known
geological formations have low permeability. If permeability is encountered, the BOP
stack and choke manifold are used to control the well. Drilling personnel must be
specially trained for air or controlled pressure drilling, and safety rules must be strictly
observed. A Shaffer rotating BOP is shown as an example (Figure 3-I below).
KELLY DRIVE ASSEMBLY

ROTATING SLEEVE
DOUBLE ROLLER
BEARINGS
QUICK
DISCONNECT
BONNET
BODY
MUD RETURN
LINE CONNECTION
STRIPPER RUBBER
FILLUP LINE
CONNECTOR
Figure 3-I
Shaffer Rotating BOP
Other types of rotating heads/rotating BOP's are Hydril, Williams, Drilco-Grant, and
Pruitt. ExxonMobil has more field experience with the Williams rotating BOP's. The
Pruitt equipment is very similar. The following chart shows the manufacturer operating
data on the more common rotating heads/BOP'S in use. Additional specifications and
features can be found in the manufacturer's literature.

Table 3-G
Manufacturer Operating Data: Rotating Heads/BOPs
MANUFACTURER MODEL RPM ROTATING PRESS STATIC PRESS (MAX SHELL TEST
(MAX) NOT ROTATING)
WILLIAMS 8000 100 500 1000 -----
WILLIAMS IP 1000 100 1000 1500 -----
WILLIAMS 7000 100 1500 3000 5,000
WILLIAMS 7100 100 2500 5000 10,000
HYDRIL M 9701 150 2000 3000 6000
DRILCO-GRANT DHS 1400 100 400 600 -----
DRILCO-GRANT 8071 100 2000 3000 -----
DRILCO-GRANT 7068 100 300 ----- -----
SHAFFER (RSBOP) PCWD 100 3000 5000 -----
200 2000 5000 -----
BOP Stack Connections

The pressure rating of any BOP unit or wellhead equipment is governed by the working
pressure ratings of its end and outlet connections. For units having end and outlet
connections with different pressure ratings, the lowest rating is the rating of the unit.
There are three types of connections available for blowout preventer units: flanged,
studded, or clamped.
Bolted flanges are the most common type of connection used on surface BOP stacks and
are required by ExxonMobil. The tensile rating of the bolts used in these connections
must be sufficient to withstand the maximum load which may be imposed. The torque
applied to the nuts and bolts must meet API recommended values to maintain the
pressure seal. (API Spec. 6A)
An impact wrench, hydraulic wrench, or torque multiplier are the preferred tools to be
used to tighten or break the bolts and nuts on BOP stacks. Some job situations may
prevent the use of these tools (i.e. spacing constraints, availability, etc.) If a hammer
wrench is used due to spacing constraints or availability, the hazards of using the
hammer wrench must be reconciled and a procedure developed to use the wrench
safely. A hammer wrench tension holder using the tension in a rubber strap attached (via
rope) to the hammer wrench can prevent the hammer wrench from coming off of the nut
causing an injury.
API Standard 6A: Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, provides
specifications for flanged wellhead fittings. API type 6B flanges are available in the
following pressure ratings: 2,000 psi through 5,000 psi range. API type 6BX flanges are
available in the 5,000 psi through 20,000 psi range.
API and other high-pressure connections are pressure sealed by means of ring-joint
gaskets made of soft iron, low-carbon steel, or stainless steel. API Type R and Type RX
gaskets are interchangeable; API Type RX and Type BX ring-joint gaskets provide
pressure-energized seals but are not interchangeable. Ring-joint gaskets are used in
preventer stacks from the casinghead upward, between preventers, drilling spools, and
other drill through components. All flanges in the stack and side-outlet flanges must be
fitted with new ring-joint gaskets each time they are assembled. It is important that the
ring groove in the flange be cleaned. Only type RX and BX ring gaskets shall be
approved for use. R-Type ring gaskets are not approved for use.
Because API flanges were adapted from American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
sizes and ratings, some are stamped with ANSI terms. All flanges manufactured are
marked with the API designation. Equivalent ANSI and API designations with their
respective pressure ratings are as follows:

Pressure Rating
Designation (psi) at 100°°F
ANSI API ANSI API
600 2,000 1,440 2,000
900 3,000 2,160 3,000
1,500 5,000 3,600 5,000
10,000 10,000
ExxonMobil requires the use of API 6B or 6BX ring joint flanges for all flange connections
in the BOP stack and choke manifold. Type 6B flanges with flat bottom ring grooves are
approved for 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000 psi installations. Type 6B flanges with oval
grooves are not approved.
Only type RX steel ring gaskets shall be used with type 6B flanges with type R flat
bottom grooves. The RX ring gasket is a self-energizing ring gasket and supports the
load of the stack above it. Type 6BX flanges with BX grooves are approved for 5,000
and 10,000 psi installations. The BX steel gasket must be used in conjunction with 6BX
flanges with a BX groove. All BX ring gaskets shall have a small weep hole from the top
surface to the bottom surface to avoid trapped pressure. The 6BX flange is constructed
such that the body faces touch each other and the ring groove does not support the load.
Both RX and BX ring gaskets can be used only once and shall be discarded when
removed from the flanges. Figure 3-J illustrates the approved and non-approved types
of API ring gaskets.
Soft iron ring gaskets are generally recommended only in low pressure (less than 2,000
psi) service. Stainless gaskets offer longer term corrosion protection than alloy gaskets.
Stainless gaskets are recommended in production-type service where the equipment may
be constantly exposed to a corrosive environment and is generally unattended. Either
API carbon, low alloy or stainless steel ring gaskets are acceptable in drilling BOP stacks
and choke manifolds.
Rings that have been coated with Teflon, rubber, or other resilient materials will not be
acceptable under ExxonMobil specifications.
Grade markings are stamped on one end of flange studs (ASTM A 193 Grade B7 bolting
marked with "B7") and on the front face of each nut (ASTM A194 Grade 2H nuts marked
with "2H"). Standard studs and nuts (sweet environments) shall be ASTM A 193 Grade
B-7 and ASTM A 194 Grade 2H, respectively. Cadmium plating, which has been the
BOP standard plating material on studs and nuts, is being phased out in most places in
the world due to its toxic nature (heavy metal). At the time of publishing of this manual,
a Company-wide replacement plating material had not been determined. However, the
leading candidate is zinc (electrofilm plated) yellow chromate which must be baked on
according to ASTM B 633. The following chart lists the recommended make-up torque
for studs and nuts used with 6BX flanges.

Table 3-H
BOLT MAKE-UP TORQUE VALUES FOR 6BX FLANGES
RECOMMENDED 6BX FLANGE BOLT TORQUE

REPRINTED FROM API SPECIFICATION 6A
17TH EDITION, FEBRUARY 1996
_________________________________________________________________________
GRADE B-7M STUDS WITH GRADE B-7 STUDS WITH

Sy = 80 ksi Sy = 105 ksi
BOLT STRESS = 40 ksi BOLT STRESS = 52.5 ksi
TORQUE TORQUE TORQUE TORQUE

(Ft - Lbf) (Ft - Lbf) (Ft - Lbf) (Ft - Lbf)
BOLT SIZE f=0.07 f=0.13 f=0.07 f=0.13
(1) (2) (1) (2)
3/4 - 10 UNC 90 153 118 200
7/8 - 9 UNC 143 243 188 319
1 - 8 UN 213 361 279 474
1-1/8 8 UN 305 523 401 686
1-3/8 8 UN 563 976 739 1,281
1-1/2 8 UN 733 1,278 962 1,677
1-5/8 8 UN 934 1,635 1,226 2,146
1-3/4 8 UN 1,169 2,054 1,534 2,696
1-7/8 8 UN 1,440 2,539 1,890 3,332
2 - 8 UN 1,750 3,094 2,297 4,061
See Note (2) below for thread lubricant on the bolts & nuts.
NOTE:
(1) A coefficient of friction of 0.07 approximates threads and nut face coated with fluoropolymer
materials. Ask wellhead serviceman to determine if coated with fluoropolymer.
(2) A coefficient of friction of 0.13 approximates the friction with threads and nut bearing surface being
bare metal, well lubricated with API BUL 5A2 thread compound (API - modified or API - Silicon), the
same as used on casing, tubing and line pipe.
(3) Bolting that will be directly exposed to a sour environment as described in NVAC MR0175, must be
as described in Paragraphs 6.2.1.1. and 6.2.1.2. of the latest version of MR0175. Nuts shall meet
the specifications of ASTM A 194 Grade 2HM (22 HRC) or Paragraph 6.2.1.1.
For bolting with higher strength requirements, ASTM A 453 Grade 660 or Nickel Alloy 718 bolting
and ASTM A 194 Grade 2HM nuts shall be used.
NOTE: B-7M bolts (in either sweet or sour service) will not provide full working pressure capability
when used with 5 ksi WP, 13-5/8” or larger API BX flanges; with 10 ksi WP, 4-1/16” or larger API
BX flanges; or with 15 ksi WP, 2-1/16” or larger API BX flanges. (Reference API Spec 6A)
If zinc (electrofilm) plated yellow chromate is used on bolts and nuts, then it must MUST be baked
according to ASTM B 633 requirements.

FIGURE 3-J
A.P.I. RING GASKETS
APPROVED
6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE 6BX - FLANGE

RX - RING BX - RING
NOT APPROVED
R - OVAL FLANGE 6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE 6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE

R - OVAL RING R - OVAL RING R - OCTAGONAL RING

Hub and Clamp Connections
A hub and clamp connection (Figure 3-K below) consists of two hubs pulled together
against a metal seal ring by a two piece clamp with two bolts and nuts. This connection
has fewer bolts for makeup than a flanged connection and thus requires higher make-up
torque. A different style clamp connector (Figure 3-L on following page) consists of two
hubs and a two piece clamp with four bolts and nuts. Depending on the manufacturer,
metal seal rings may be of the API RX, API BX, or non-API types such as Cameron AX
and CX.
Figure 3-K
Cameron Hub and Clamp Connectors
Hub and clamp connectors are mainly used for subsea operations to reduce the weight
and height of the BOP stack. The bolts are designed for easier makeup, especially in
cramped quarters, because the wrench movement is downward instead of horizontal.
When clamp connectors were first used, there were numerous problems with the clamp
loosening during drilling operations and creating a hazard in well control situations. This
problem has been greatly reduced by the manufacturers furnishing recommended torque
makeup values for each size bolt. In addition, power torque wrenches with torque
readout are furnished as standard rig equipment. Recommended practice for clamp hubs
would be to retorque 24 hrs after initial make-up and every 7 days thereafter.
As previously mentioned, ExxonMobil requires the bolted flange connections on surface

BOP stacks because of the additional safeguard against excessive vibration and
misalignment and because they facilitate the swinging of a BOP over an uncontrolled
flow. However, a number of drilling contractors furnish Cameron clamp connected
surface BOP stacks, and their use may be justified but will require an exception
approval. Reference Table 3-N on Page 3-77 which lists ExxonMobil Bolted Flange
Specifications.
Cameron's recommended torque requirements as shown on the following pages can be

used for making up all bolts with power torque wrenches.

Cameron Clamp Assembly Make-Up Procedure and Recommended Torque Make-Up
on Studs for Cameron Clamp Joint
Assemble the clamp halves on the appropriate clamp hubs using bolt torque and
lubrication information listed (Table 3-I, Page 3-30).
Spacing between the clamp halves needs to be approximately equal when tightening the
bolting. Assembly can be aided by using lubrication on the hub-clamp contact area and
by jarring the clamps during the bolting-up operation.
Figure 3-L
Clamp Connector

Table 3- I
RECOMMENDED TORQUE MAKE-UP ON STUDS
CAMERON CLAMP JOINT
API-5A MOLY
CLAMP HUB SIZE AND BOLT LUB LUB
NO. W.P. STYLE USE WRENCH SIZE (FT-LBS) (FT-LBS)
1 1-13/16” - 10kpsi 2 BOLT 7959-1(1-7/16” AF) 7/8” 270 180

2-1/16” - 5kpsi
4 BOLT -1(1-7/16” AF) 7/8” 135 90
2 1-13/16” - 15kpsi 2 BOLT -3(1-13/16” AF) 1-1/8” 600 400

2-1/16” - 10kpsi
2-9/16” - 5kpsi 4 BOLT -1(1-7/16” AF) 7/8 270 180
3 1-13/16” - 20kpsi 2 BOLT -4(2” AF) 1-1/4” 825 550

2-1/16” - 15kpsi
2-1/16” - 20kpsi 4 BOLT -2(1-5/8” AF) 1” 400 275
2-9/16” - 15kpsi
4 2-9/16” - 10kpsi 2 BOLT -3(1-13/16” AF) 1-1/8” 600 400

3-1/8” - 5kpsi
4 BOLT -2(1-5/8” AF) 1” 400 275
5 3-1/8” - 10kpsi 2 BOLT -3(1-13/16” AF) 1-1/8” 600 400

4-1/16” - 5kpsi
4 BOLT -2(1-5/8” AF) 1” 400 275
6 2-9/16” - 20kpsi 2 BOLT -6(2-3/8” AF) 1-1/2” 1,450 950

3-1/8” - 15kpsi
4-1/16” - 10kpsi 4 BOLT -3(1-13/16” AF) 1-1/8” 600 400
7 7-1/16” - 5kpsi 2 BOLT -8(2-3/4” AF) 1-3/4” 2,300 1,500

RX
4 BOLT -5(2-3/16” AF 1-3/8” 1,100 700
8 3-1/8” - 20kpsi 2 BOLT -10(3-1/8” AF) 2” 3,500 2,250

4-1/16” - 15kpsi
7-1/16” - 5kpsi 4 BOLT -6(2-3/8” AF) 1-1/2” 1,450 950
BX
7-1/16” - 10kpsi
RX
9” - 5kpsi
9 11” - 3kpsi 2 BOLT 7959-10(3-1/8” 2” 3,500 2,250
4 BOLT -5(2-3/16” AF) 1-3/8” 1,100 700
10 4-1/16” - 20kpsi 2 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,400

7-1/16” - 10kpsi BX
7-1/16” - 15kpsi 4 BOLT -7(2-9/16” AF) 1-5/8” 1,850 1,200
RX
9” - 10kpsi
11” - 5kpsi

Table 3- I (Continued)
CAMERON CLAMP JOINT - CONTINUED
BOLT API-5A MOLY

CLAMP HUB SIZE AND W.P. STYLE USE WRENCH SIZE LUB LUB
NO. (FT-LBS) (FT-LBS)
11 13-5/8” - 3kpsi 2 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200
4 BOLT -5(2-3/16” AF 1-3/8 1,100 700
12 16-3/4” - 2kpsi 2 BOLT -10(3-1/8” AF) 2” 3,500 2,250
4 BOLT -5(2-3/16” AF) 1-3/8” 1,100 700
13 13-5/8” - 5kpsi 4 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200
14 16-3/4” - 3kpsi 2 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2 7,000 4,400
4 BOLT -7(2-9/16” AF) 1-5/8 1,850 1,200
15 7-1/16” - 20kpsi 4 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,000

11” - 15kpsi
13-5/8” - 10kpsi
16 20-3/4” - 2kpsi 2 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,400
21-1/4” - 2kpsi 4 BOLT -7(2-9/16” AF) 1-5/8” 1,850 1,200
17 20-3/4” - 3kpsi 4 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200
18 20-3/4” - 2kpsi 4 BOLT 7959-13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200

20-3/4” - 3kpsi
21-1/4” - 2kpsi
19 16-3/4” - 5kpsi 4 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,400
20 30-1/2” - 1kpsi 2 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,400
4 BOLT -6(2-3/8” AF) 1-1/2 1,450 950
21 24-1/4” - 1kpsi 2 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200
4 BOLT -4(2” AF) 1-1/4” 800 550
22 7-1/16” - 15kpsi BX 4 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200

11” - 10Kpsi
23 36” - 1kpsi 4 BOLT -13(3-1/2” AF) 2-1/4” 5,000 3,200

Table 3- I (Continued)
CAMERON CLAMP JOINT - CONTINUED
API-5A MOLY
CLAMP HUB SIZE LUB LUB
NO. AND W.P. STYLE USE WRENCH BOLT SIZE (FT-LBS) (FT-LBS)
24 34” - 1kpsi 2 BOLT -14(3-7/8” AF) 2-1/2” 7,000 4,400
4 BOLT -7(2-9/16” AF) 1-5/8” 1,850 1,200
25
7-1/16” - 2kpsi 2 BOLT -2(1-5/8” AF) 1” 400 275
4 BOLT -1(1-7/16” AF) 7/8” 270 180
26 18-3/4” -15kpsi 2 BOLT* (4-5/8” AF) 3” 12,000 7,600

21-1/4” -7.5kpsi Purchase Outside
21-1/4” - 10kpsi 4 BOLT*** (6/1/8” AF) 4” 28,500 17,900
Purchase Outside
27 18-3/4” - 10kpsi 4 BOLT∗ (4-1/4” AF) 2-3/4” 9,500 5,900

21-1/4” - 5kpsi Purchase Outside
4 BOLT∗∗ (4-5/8” AF) 3” 12,000 7,600
Purchase Outside
4 BOLT∗∗∗ (5” AF) 3-1/4” 15,200 9,600
Purchase Outside
28 11” - 20kpsi 4 BOLT∗ (4-1/4” AF) 2-3/4” 9,500 5,900

13-5/8” - 15kpsi Purchase Outside
16-3/4” - 10kpsi 4 BOLT∗∗∗ (4-5/8” AF) 3” 12,000 7,600
Purchase Outside
MOLY. LUB MEANS A MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE LUBRICANT SIMILAR TO NSW #503 AND FEL-
PRO #670 WHICH ARE COMPOSED BASICALLY OF APPROXIMATELY 65% MOLYBDENUM
DISULFIDE SUSPENDED IN A SOFT PASTE WHICH IS A PETROLEUM BASED CARRIER
∗SWING BOLT (CASTING)

∗∗SWING BOLT (FORGING)
∗∗∗THRU BOLT (FORGING)

3.4 DIVERTER SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
A diverter system is installed on conductor pipe or shallow surface casing strings to

control well flows encountered at relatively shallow depths. Most formations near the
surface can fracture at a very low pressure. Therefore, when a kick occurs while
drilling conductor or surface hole, the well usually cannot be shut-in because of the
danger of the flow broaching to the surface. In this event, the well is permitted to flow
and the diverter is closed which diverts flow from the rig to provide protection for the
drilling crew and rig equipment.
In areas of suspected or potential shallow gas and all water operations, a diverter
system shall be installed on all casing strings which do not have a BOP stack.
Because the diverter system is not designed to shut in and contain a flow, the hydraulic
control system must be sequenced so that the diverter line valve(s) will always be fully
open before the diverter annular preventer is closed. This "fail-safe" type system can
insure that a well flow can be diverted and may not cause a "broaching" effect where
the well flow comes to the surface outside the conductor or drive pipe.
A diverter system consists of four components: (1) conductor pipe, (2) annular
preventer to stop the upward flow, (3) large diameter diverter line (minimum 6" I.D. for
land rigs and 10" minimum I.D. for offshore rigs) (See line pipe dimensions on Table 3-
J, Page 3-36 and pressure drops on Table 3-K on Page 3-37) that is kept open so that
flow can be immediately diverted by shutting the preventer, (4) valves to direct flow.
The annular preventer is designed to pack-off around the kelly, drill string, or casing
and direct flow to a safe location. The diverter annular preventer shall have sufficient
ID such that all casing strings can be run through the diverter annular preventer with
the sealing element in place. A diverter annular preventer that requires pulling the
sealing element to run the casing shall not be used.
On most wells, a diverter is not designed to shut in or halt flow. Diverter lines shall be
securely anchored and targeted. Sleeve-type couplings must not be used for pipe
joint connections, and 45° or 90° ells must not be installed on the end of diverter lines
to direct flow downward. These could cause the line to "kick-up" and possibly break off
when large flow volumes are diverted.
Because of the suddenness with which a shallow flow may occur, rig crews must be
trained by conducting drills in order to react correctly and without hesitation. Their fast
reaction may spell the difference between saving the rig and disaster. A schematic
shall be posted on the rig floor showing the location of the pumping equipment and
lines, a diverting procedure, and a procedure for pumping into the annulus when lost
returns occur. It shall also point out the pre-designated personnel stations, see below
for diverting procedure. Prior to initiating drilling, the diverter system shall be pressure
tested and pumped through to verify the installation integrity of the system. Diverter
equipment test procedures are discussed in Section 10.0, BOP Equipment Testing.
In areas where shallow pressured zones are anticipated, a large volume of mud and
water must be available on location. The reserve supply must be manifolded to the rig
pumps to enable pumping into the well immediately if needed. In areas where lost
returns are anticipated, a means to allow immediate pumping of fluid into the annulus
must be provided.
If a kick occurs while drilling through a diverter, the following procedure shall be
performed in rapid sequence:
1. Stop rotation and raise the kelly or position tool joint on top drive above the
rotary table. Make certain diverter line is open to pit or overboard.
2. Open diverter line valve and close the annular BOP simultaneously. (Design
must prevent closing annular BOP on a closed diverter line). Under no
conditions must the diverter line valve be closed after the annular BOP is
closed.
3. Allow the well to flow through the diverter line to the pit or overboard. Select
direction of flow as necessary.
4. Pump drilling fluid or water at a maximum rate down the drill string and attempt
to moderate the flow. Pumping at a fast rate tends to improve the drilling
fluid/gas ratio and creates a small increase in bottom hole pressure due to
annular friction pressure. In most instances, diverter flows are killed either by
the hole caving-in and forming an annular bridge, by depletion of the formation,
or by pumping a heavier weight drilling fluid.
5. After pumping operations have been initiated, begin making preparations to

abandon the location in the event the well flow does not stop and/or conditions
on the rig become unsafe for personnel to remain on location.

Table 3-J
TYPICAL LINE PIPE SIZES

USED FOR DIVERTER SYSTEMS
_______________________________________________________________________________
MATERIAL TYPE & BURST

AREA OF PRESSURE AT MINIMUM YIELD
NOMINAL OUTSIDE WALL INSIDE INSIDE WORKING STRENGTH (PSI)
SIZE DIAMETE THICKNESS DIAMETE DIAMETER PRESSURE (PSI)
R (IN.) R (IN.²) LAND/OFFSHORE GR B X-42 X-52
(IN.) (IN.)
6" 6.625" 0.280" 6.065" 28.9 150/300 2958 3550 4396

(SCH. 40)
8" 8.625" 0.277" 8.071" 51.1 150/300 2248 2698 3340

(SCH. 30)
0.219" 8.187" 52.6 150/300 1777 2133 2641
10" 10.750" 0.365" 10.020" 78.8 150/300 2377 2852 3531

(SCH. 40)
0.219" 10.312" 83.5 150/300 1426 1711 2119
12" 12.750" 0.375" 12.000" 113.0 150/300 2059 2471 3059

(STD.)
0.333" 12.090" 114.7 150/300 1812 2174 2692

(SCH. 30)
0.219" 12.312" 119.0 150/300 1202 1443 1786

Table 3-K
PRESSURE DROPS FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF GAS AND LIQUID

FLOW RATES AND PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETERS
6-inch ID Pipe
Gas Rate, Liquid Pump Rate, GPM
MMSCF/D 0 100 200 300 500 1000
0 0 0.125 0.412 0.83 2.16 7.28
10 4.1 27 38.5 49 65.2 101
50 43 118 139 165 210 302
100 125 270 301 340 410 585
8-inch ID Pipe
MMSCF/D 0 100 200 300 500 1000
0 0 0.028 0.08 0.15 0.362 1.16
10 1.51 7.28 11.5 15.4 21.3 32.6
50 20 40.1 48 54.6 66.4 91.3
100 44.2 82.6 90.2 98.5 114 148
10-inch ID Pipe
MMSCF/D 0 100 200 300 500 1000
0 0 0.0076 0.025 0.059 0.138 0.49
10 0.5 3.19 4.8 6.3 9.36 15.7
50 9 20.3 23.9 28 32.9 49.9
100 22 45.3 49 54.3 62.1 79
12-inch ID Pipe
MMSCF/D 0 100 200 300 500 1000
0 0 0.0039 0.017 0.02 0.062 0.21
10 0.15 1.14 1.95 2.45 4.25 6.19
50 3.02 9.7 13.1 14.1 19.1 24.8
100 11.1 22.8 26.1 26.7 32.3 47.5
Data in table were calculated using the following conditions:
Line Length = 150 feet Mud Weight = 9.6 ppg

Outlet Pressure = 0 psig Plastic Vis. = 8 cp
Gas Spec. Gravity = 0.7 Temperature = 80°F

ARRANGEMENTS FOR DIVERTERS
The following diverter arrangements and equipment specifications are recommended.
Page
Type-A Land, Pump-fill Trip Tank 3-39
Type-B Land, Gravity-fill Trip Tank 3-41
Type-C Land Rig-Cold Weather Areas, Pump-fill Trip Tank* 3-43
Type-D Platform or Jack-up Rig, Pump-fill Trip Tank 3-45
∗This system can be used in areas where the diverter line may be exposed to freezing
temperatures.
Note: Use of a gravity fill trip tank requires an exception approval.

TYPE-A DIVERTER SYSTEM
PUMP - FILL TRIP TANK
LAND
3 RISER TO EXTEND
ABOVE FLOW LINE,
BRACED OR GUYED
AT A SAFE LOCATION.
VALVE FLOW LINE THIS LINE IS FOR TATTLE
RISER - 6” MIN.
TALE ONLY AND IS NOT
3”
TO BE USED FOR
3” MIN.
M
DIVERTING GAS
IN
FROM VALVES
.
TRIP TANK
TO
ANNULAR TRIP TANK
BOP
VALVE OPEN
AT ALL TIMES
WHILE DRILLING
SURFACE HOLE
VALVES
2 OPTIONAL
3
TO
RESERVE
6” MIN DIVERTER LINE PIT
SLOPE UP TO PREVENT PLUGGING
6
KILL
LINE
4
CONDUCTOR
12
SURFACE CASING
Diverter Line and Valve Requirements:

Note: (A) Land Rig - 6" I.D. 200 psi minimum
(B) In areas where plugging is anticipated by Gumbo, full opening valves are
recommended in lieu of butterfly valves.
(C) A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for remote operation
during a diverting operation.
(D) A hydraulically or air operated diverter line valve synchronized to open when the
annular BOP is closed can be used in lieu of a manual diverter line valve. This
option can eliminate the need of the tattle tail line.

COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS
Type-A Diverter System
1. 3" thread-o-let welded to conductor with a 3" minimum nominal diameter and 200 psi
minimum working pressure gate or plug valve. This connection can be used to pump
water and minimize fire hazard when gas is flowing out diverter line. A hydraulically or
air operated kill line valve is an option for remote operation during a diverting operation.
2. Optional - 2" welded collar with tapped bullplug, valve and pressure gauge.
3. Welded collar - minimum nominal diameter - with bullplug. Cleanout connections.
4. 3” welded collar with bullplug. This connection is used to clean out cement below
surface casing landing collar and as a visual port to backoff landing joint. Collar must
be set at a depth so that its centerline can be opposite the bottom of the landing joint
collar.
5. Annular BOP companion flange - screwed or welded to conductor casing. Note: A
flanged spool with a diverter line side outlet can be used to save rig-up time.
6. Diverter line minimum size 6" internal diameter for land rig.
NOTE:
a) Unless specified otherwise, the contractor will furnish and maintain all of the above
equipment including annular BOP, bell nipple and trip tank line connections.
b) The diverter line valves and other diverter component equipment must be 200 psi
minimum working pressure. (LAND.)
c) The diverter line valves must be designed to maintain full open or closed position.
d) Diverter lines must be securely anchored. Sleeve-type couplings must not be used for
pipe joint connections and 45° or 90° ells must not be installed on the end of diverter
lines to direct flow downward. These can cause the line to "kick-up" when large flow
volumes are diverted.
e) A hydraulically or air operated diverter line valve synchronized to open when the
annular BOP is closed can be used in lieu of a manual diverter line valve. This option
can eliminate the need of the tattle tail line.
f) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines
next to the annular preventer. The valve must be at least equal to the working pressure
of the closing system.

TYPE B - DIVERTER SYSTEM
GRAVITY - FILL TRIP TANK *
LAND
7 RISER TO EXTEND
ABOVE FLOW LINE,
BRACED OR GUYED
AT A SAFE LOCATION.
FLOW LINE
THIS LINE IS FOR TATTLE
RISER - 6” MIN.
TALE ONLY AND IS NOT
TO BE USED FOR
DIVERTING GAS
ANNULAR
BOP
VALVE OPEN
AT ALL TIMES
WHILE DRILLING
SURFACE HOLE
FROM
VALVES
TRIP TANK
2
5 OPTIONAL
7
6” MIN DIVERTER LINE TO

SLOPE UP TO PREVENT PLUGGING RESERVE
PIT
8 RESERVE
PIT
1
4
KILL
LINE
CONDUCTOR
3
SURFACE CASING
* Gravity fill trip tanks require an exception approval.
Note: (A) Land Rig - 6" I.D. 200 psi minimum
(B) In areas where plugging is anticipated by Gumbo, full opening valves are
recommended in lieu of butterfly valves.
(C) A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for remote operation during
a diverting operation.
(D) A hydraulically or air operated diverter line valve synchronized to open when the
annular BOP is closed can be used in lieu of a manual diverter line valve. This
option can eliminate the need of the tattle tail line.

Type-B Diverter System
1. Flanged or screwed flapper type check valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter and 200 psi
minimum working pressure.
2. Flanged or screwed gate or plug valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter and 200 psi minimum
working pressure.
3. Kill line to pump water and minimize fire hazard when gas is flowing out diverter line. 3” thread-o-
let welded to conductor with 3” minimum nominal diameter and 200 psi minimum working
pressure gate or plug valve. A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for remote
operation during a diverting operation.
4. 3” welded collar with bullplug. This connection is used to clean out cement below surface casing
landing collar and as a visual port to backoff landing joint. Collar must be set at a depth so that
its centerline can be opposite the bottom of the landing joint collar .
5. Optional - 2” welded collar with tapped bullplug, valve, and pressure gauge.
6. Annular BOP companion flange - screwed or welded to conductor casing. Note: A flanged spool
with a diverter line side outlet can be used to save rig-up time.
7. Welded collar - 2” minimum nominal diameter - with bullplug. Cleanout connections.
8. Diverter line minimum size 6” internal diameter for land rig,
NOTE:
a) Unless specified otherwise, the contractor will furnish and maintain all of the above equipment
including annular BOP, bell nipple and trip tank line connections.
b) The diverter line valves and other diverter component equipment must be 200 psi minimum
working pressure. (LAND)
c) The diverter line valves must be designed to maintain full open or closed position.
d) Diverter lines must be securely anchored. Sleeve-type couplings must not be used for pipe joint
connections and 45° or 90° ells must not be installed on the end of diverter lines to direct flow
downward. These can cause the line to ”kick-up” when large flow volumes are diverted.
e) A hydraulically or air operated diverter line valve synchronized to open when the annular BOP is
closed can be used in lieu of a manual diverter line valve. This option can eliminate the need of
the tattle tail line.
f) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines next to
the annular preventer. The valve must be at least equal to the working pressure of the closing
system.

TYPE C DIVERTER SYSTEM
COLD WEATHER LAND AREAS
FLOW LINE
VALVE
3”
3” MIN.
M
IN
FROM VALVES
.
TRIP TANK
OPTIONAL
RISER - 6” MIN.
TO
ANNULAR TRIP TANK
BOP
NORMALLY
CLOSED
3
1
5 9
6 8
18 INCH MAX.
MINIMUM 6
INCH DIAMETER
4 7
NORMALLY
OPEN
10
KILL
LINE
CONDUCTOR
2
Note : (A) Land rig - 6" I.D. 200 psi minimum

(B) The diverter system is within the enclosed/warmed substructure.
(C) The Horizontal Diverter Line Valve (Butterfly #9) can be omitted if the riser line to
the shakers is omitted.
(D) A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for remote operation

Type-C Diverter System
Cold Weather Land Areas
1. Flanged or screwed flapper type check valve - 2 inch minimum nominal diameter and
200 psi minimum working pressure.
2. Flanged or screwed gate or plug valve - 3 inch minimum nominal diameter and 200 psi
minimum working pressure. A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for
remote operation during a diverting operation.
3. Annular BOP companion flange-screwed or welded to conductor casing.
4. Minimum 6-inch internal diameter line. Slight downslope for drainage.
5. Optional - welded collar with tapped bullplug, valve, and pressure gauge - 200 psi
6. Welded collar, 2-inch line with valve, 200 psi minimum working pressure, connected to
fill line on rig floor. To be pumped through on each connection to clear line.
7. Hydraulic or air actuated full opening valve: same size as diverter line and 200 psi
minimum working pressure- Valve must be less than 18-inches from casing outlet to
minimize trap area. The valve must be closed during normal drilling operations.
Remote operated valves are controlled from a location near the drilling console and
must be synchronized to open prior to closing the annular preventer.
8. Optional - welded collar with bullplug or valve for flushing the diverter line
9. Flanged or screwed manual valves, minimum 200 psi working pressure. Valve to Pit
normally open: valve to Shaker normally closed.
10. Welded collar with bullplug to clean out cement below surface casing landing collar and
as a visual port to backoff landing joint.
NOTE:
b) The diverter line, valves and other diverter component equipment must have a
minimum 200 psi working pressure rating.
c) The diverter line valves must be designed to maintain full open or full closed position.
pipe joint connections and 45° or 90° ells must not be installed on the end of diverter
lines to direct flow downward. These can cause the line to “kick-up” when large flow
volumes are diverted.
e) For a gravity fill trip tank, the trip tank connection must be out board of the check valve.
f) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines next to
system.

TYPE - D DIVERTER SYSTEM
OFFSHORE PLATFORM, BARGE
OR JACK-UP RIG
FLOW
LINE
FROM
.
TRIP
IN
M
VALVES TANK
3”
3” MIN.
VALVE
TO
TRIP TANK
ANNULAR
BOP
4 4
3 3
OVERBOARD
10” MIN. I.D.
DIVERTER LINE
2 2 5
1
CONDUCTOR

Note: (A) Diverter Line - 10" I.D. Minimum 300 psi
(B) Single Diverter Line is acceptable for Barge Rig "Only".
(C) A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an option for remote operation

Type-D Diverter System
1. BOP Companion Flange - screwed or welded to conductor. As shown, a fabricated flanged

spool with two diverter line outlets is recommended to save rig-up time for platform multiple
well operations.
2. Air or hydraulic operated full opening valves - same size as diverter lines - 300 psi
minimum working pressure. Valves are closed during normal operations. Remote operated
valves are controlled from a location near the drillers console and must be synchronized to
open prior to closing the annular preventer.
3. Welded collar - 2” minimum nominal diameter - with bullplug. Cleanout connections.
4. Optional - 2” welded collar with tapped bullplug, valve, and pressure gauge.
5. Diverter line minimum size 10” internal diameter.
6. Kill line to pump water and minimize fire hazard when gas is flowing out diverter line. 3”
thread-o-let welded to conductor with 3” minimum nominal diameter and 300 psi minimum
working pressure gate or plug valve. A hydraulically or air operated kill line valve is an
option for remote operation during a diverting operation.
NOTE:
b) The diverter line valves and other diverter component equipment must be 300 psi
c) The diverter line may be installed in sections by using 300 psi WP (minimum) companion
flanges to facilitate installation and removal.
pipe joint connections and 45° or 90° ells must not be installed on the end of diverter lines
to direct flow downward. These can cause the line to “kick-up” when large flow volumes are
diverted.
e) Because of individual rig or platform limitations, a deviation to the above arrangement may
be needed; however, this requires an exception approval.
f) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines
next to the annular preventer. The valve must be at least equal to the working pressure of
the closing system.

3.5 BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK ARRANGEMENTS
ExxonMobil BOP stack arrangements are designed to provide minimum risk exposure
during well killing operations. Basically this means that if any equipment fails above
the bottom ram preventer, there is always a back-up system. It is important that
ExxonMobil field drilling personnel analyze each preventer arrangement during nipple-
up operations to have a preplanned back-up procedure for shutting the well in during
emergency situations. The Four BOP Stack Arrangement (Page 3-62) shows the typical
equipment (pipe ram preventer, blind ram preventer, drilling spool, pipe ram preventer,
and annular preventer) considered necessary for most routine land drilling operations.
To analyze the stack design, a well control situation is assumed. Usually, when a well
kicks, the annular preventer is closed first. This provides the ability to work the drill
string and reduce the risk of sticking pipe. Tool joints must not be worked through the
annular preventer while working the pipe. Tool joints must not be in the BOP stack
while working the pipe because in the event of the pipe sticking the rams could not be
closed on the tool joint. After the well is shut in, the casing and drill pipe pressures
must be recorded and the well killing worksheet prepared. During a normal killing
operation, drilling fluid is pumped down the drill pipe, up the annulus, and out the
choke line to the choke manifold.
With the well shut-in on the annular BOP, pipe movement (pipe body only) is permitted
through the annular preventer up to 2,500 psi casing pressure (for a 5k psi WP
annular). When the casing pressure reaches 2,500 psi, a ram preventer shall be
closed. The closing pressure shall be reduced when working or stripping pipe through
a closed preventer.
ExxonMobil considers the bottom ram preventer as a master valve which is only used
to shut in the well when equipment above this preventer fails. Pipe shall never be
stripped or worked through the bottom preventer. In addition, the lower pipe rams are
never used to circulate out a kick since the choke line would have to be connected
below the bottom pipe rams which does not provide back-up in case of a valve or
connection failure on the choke line. For this reason, the drilling spool is always
installed such that the choke and kill lines are above the bottom preventer. Where rig
substructure limits the height of the BOP stack, and a drilling spool cannot be used, the
choke and kill lines are attached to the side outlets of the top ram preventer; however,
this requires an exception approval.
Double valves are used on each outlet of the drilling spool (or ram preventer) to
connect the kill and choke lines to the BOP stack. On the choke line, a hydraulically
operated valve is connected next to the stack with a hand-operated valve adjacent to
provide back-up. The hydraulically operated valve can be remotely controlled from a
safe location during well killing operations. This valve is immediately closed if any
downstream equipment fails (choke manifold, mud-gas separator, or flare system).
During normal drilling operations, the hydraulic valve is closed to prevent drilling mud
and solids from accumulating and plugging the choke line.
An alternate arrangement is acceptable for live drilling operations. The manual valve
can be placed adjacent to the drilling spool as a master valve in place of the HCV. See
Type-4B BOP Stack on Page 3-63.
The use of the HCV valve and the manual valve on the kill line is typically used on
wells with 10k psi and 15 psi BOP working pressure stacks. The manual valve with a
check valve can be used on wells with 5k psi BOP working pressure or less BOP
stacks. When pumping down the kill line in high pressure pumping situations,
lubricating and bleeding operations or any excessive pumping operations, it is
recommended to install a check valve upstream of the 2 kill line valves to prevent any
back flow in the event the pump line leaks.

The kill line can be used to pump fluid directly into the annulus when lost returns occur
or when the normal method of pumping down the drill pipe cannot be used. Since this
line connects the rig mud pumps to the BOP stack, a check valve is installed to prevent
excessive well pressures from backing up through the pumps. Also, if a gravity trip
tank (exception required) is used, then the kill line is used to fill the hole while making
trips.
All lines and valves from the kill line that connect to the stand pipe manifold must
be the same working pressure as the BOP's.
Since the kill line is not used for normal well control operations, the HCV valve next to
the drilling spool is closed during normal drilling and must always be closed while
circulating out a kick to safeguard against possible leakage. On high pressure, high
mud weight wells, consideration can be given to use the kill line as a back-up choke
line.
As part of the "soft lock tagging process for all critical valves", the manually operated
valves on the BOP's must be tagged with either normal open or normal closed tags. A
typical critical valve checklist can be referenced in Section 10.5. A notification process
must be strictly adhered to whenever valves are operated due to testing, BOP repairs,
or well control events.
Blowout Preventer Stack Selection
Several factors shall be considered when selecting a blowout preventer stack. These
include: (1) maximum anticipated surface pressure (MASP); (2) casing program which
governs the drill pipe size program; (3) configuration of rig structure or platform to
accommodate the stack; (4) H2S environment; (5) completion requirements, especially
for multiple tubingless completions; and (6) regulatory requirements. The working
pressure of the BOP stack shall always be greater than the maximum anticipated
surface pressure.
All blowout preventers shall be hydraulically operated, flanged type with full openings.
Blowout preventers equipped with clamp connectors are not approved for general use
at this time; however, Cameron clamp connectors may be used on an individual well
basis with an exception approval.
Following are general guidelines for Blowout Preventer Stack Selections:
Minimum Arrangement Working
Conditions: Number of Type* Pressure Not To
Drilling Below Preventers Exceed
Required
Surface Casing: 2 2A, 2B 2,000 psi
Surface Casing: 3 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D 3,000 psi
Surface or Protective Casing: 3 3A, 3B, 3D 5,000 psi
Protective Casing: 4 4A, 4B, 4C 10,000 psi
Protective Casing: 5 5A, 5B 15,000 psi
∗ Refer to the following pages for a description of the arrangement

Individual BOP stack arrangements are shown with pump-fill and gravity-fill (exception
required) trip tank installations. The gravity-fill trip tank always fills the hole through
the kill line while the pump-fill trip tank is connected to the bell nipple and flow line
above the BOP stack.
The ram placement as shown on each arrangement is required for routine drilling
operations. More information on ram placement is presented in Section 4.0.
Requirements for Arrangement of the BOP Stack
The minimum number of blowout preventers required and the necessary arrangement
of these blowout preventers in the stack will be determined on an individual well basis
and will be based on the maximum anticipated surface pressure. In addition, the OIMS
Risk Assessment process may specify a more redundant well control system or a
higher classification system (i.e. a 5 preventer BOP stack may be specified over a 3 or
4 preventer BOP stack). The BOP stack arrangement, the minimum working pressure
rating and the minimum number of preventers will be specified in the drilling program.
Any deviation from the arrangement specified in the drilling program, and any deviation
from the component specifications listed in this Manual, requires an exception
approval.
Note: Local Drilling groups may have additional requirements (exceeding the minimum
requirements as specified in this Section 3) with regards to Arrangements of the BOP
Stack. See Section 12 Local Drilling Group Specifications to verify if additional
requirements are specified.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SELECTION OF
SURFACE CASING SETTING DEPTHS AND
THE ARRANGEMENTS OF BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACKS
• Surface casing is defined as the first string on which a full BOP stack is installed
and which has a setting depth sufficient to reasonably preclude broaching to the
surface.
• Surface casing shall be set and cemented in accordance with all applicable
government regulations.
• If fresh water sands are present, surface casing shall be set and cemented
across these zones.
• Surface casing shall be set before penetrating known field pay hydrocarbon
zones. An exception approval is required when field pay zones are to be drilled
without surface casing and a full BOP stack.
BOP STACK ARRANGEMENTS

• Type-2A, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RSA)
• Type-2B, Gravity-fill Trip Tank, API (RSA)
• Type-3A, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RSRA)
• Type-3B, Gravity-fill Trip Tank, API (RSRA)
• Type-3C, (No Spool), Gravity-fill Trip Tank, API (RRA)
• Type-3D, Gravity-fill Trip Tank, API (RSRAG)
• Type-4A, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RRSRA)
• Type-4B, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RSRRAG)
• Type-4C, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RRSRA)
• Type-5A, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RRSRRA)
• Type-5B, Pump-fill Trip Tank, API (RRSRRA)
Note: Use of a gravity fill trip tank requires an exception approval.

TYPE-2A BOP STACK*
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK
ANNULAR AND ONE - RAM PREVENTER
API (RSA)
9
BUTTERFLY FLOW LINE

VALVE
FROM BUTTERFLY
TRIP TANK VALVES
TO
TRIP TANK
8
ANNULAR
BOP
7
4
** 5
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 6
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION
* A two preventer BOP stack must be used only on wells with 2k psi working pressure BOP
stacks and where a low substructure will not accommodate a third preventer. Pipe rams
are recommended in the bottom ram preventer unless applicable regulations require blind
rams.
** If an HCV valve is used instead of a check valve it must be located next to the spool.

Type-2A BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
1. Screwed or flanged plug or gate valves - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working
pressure as ”A” section.
2. Tee with tapped bullplug, needle valve, and pressure gauge.
3. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as
BOP stack.
4. Flanged spring-loaded or flapper type check valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter -
same working pressure as BOP stack.
5. Drilling spool with 2 flanged side outlets - 3” choke and 2” kill line minimum nominal
diameter. See Table 3-L, Page 3-72.
6. Flanged hydraulically controlled gate valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter - same
working pressure as BOP stack.
BOP stack.
8. Top of annular preventer must be equipped with an API flange ring gasket. All flange
studs must be in place or holes filled in with screw type plugs.
9. The I.D. of the bell nipple must not be less than the minimum I.D. of the BOP stack.
NOTE:
a) Unless specified otherwise, the contractor will furnish and maintain all components
shown except the “A” section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
Trip tank line valves will be furnished by the party responsible for supplying the trip
tank.
b) The choke line between the drilling spool and choke manifold must not contain any
bend or turn in the pipe body. Any bend or turn required must be made with a running
tee with a blind flange or welded bullplug. All connections must be flanged or welded.
All fabrication requiring welding must be done by a welder qualified to the requirements
of API Spec 6A and ASME B&PV Section IX for low concentrations of H 2 S. For high
concentrations of H 2 S, the welder must be qualified to the requirements of API Spec 6A,
ASME B&PV Section IX and NACE MR0175. Weldments, including the weld metal and
the adjacent heat-affected zone in the base metal, are to be stress relieved, if
necessary, to achieve 325 Vickers Hardness using a 10-kilogram load (HV10) for low
concentrations of H 2 S. For higher concentrations of H 2 S, the HV10 is to be no higher
than 248. Welds must be stress relieved when required.
c) Plug valves must be equivalent to the Howco Lo-Torc and gate valves equivalent to the
Cameron Type ”F”.
d) For cold weather operations, an injection flange can be installed downstream of the HCV
valve for methanol/glycol injection.
e) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines

TYPE-2B BOP STACK*
GRAVITY-FILL TRIP TANK**
ANNULAR AND ONE - RAM PREVENTER
API (RSA)
9
FLOW LINE
FROM
8
TRIP
TANK
ANNULAR
BOP
7
4 ** 5
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 3 6
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION
* A two preventer BOP stack shall be used only on wells with 2k psi working pressure BOP
stacks and where a low substructure will not accommodate a third preventer. Pipe rams
are recommended in the bottom preventer unless applicable regulations require blind rams.
** Gravity fill trip tanks require an exception approval.

Type-2B BOP Stack
Gravity-Fill Trip Tank
pressure as “A“ section.
3. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2“ minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as
BOP stack.
4. Flanged flapper type check valve - 2“minimum nominal diameter - same working
pressure as BOP stack.
5. Drilling spool with 2 flanged side outlets - 3“ choke and 2“ kill line minimum nominal
BOP stack.
NOTE:
shown except the ”A” section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
tank.
Cameron Type “F”.

TYPE-3A BOP STACK
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK THREE PREVENTERS
API (RSRA)
9
BUTTERFLY FLOW LINE

VALVE
BUTTERFLY
FROM VALVES
TRIP TANK
TO
TRIP TANK
8
ANNULAR
BOP
BLIND
RAMS
7
4 * 5
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 6
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION
* If an HCV is used instead of a check valve it must be located next to the spool.

Type-3A BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
pressure as “A” section.
BOP stack.
4. Flanged spring-loaded or flapper type check valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter -
same working pressure as BOP stack.
BOP stack.
NOTE:
shown except the “A“ section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
tank.
Cameron Type “F“.

TYPE 3B BOP STACK
GRAVITY-FILL TRIP TANK*
THREE PREVENTERS
API (RSRA)
ANNULAR
BOP
FROM
TRIP
TANK
BLIND
RAMS
7
4 * 5
CHOKE
KILL MANIFOLD
LINE
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 3 6
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION

Type-3B BOP Stack
BOP stack.
4. Flanged flapper type check valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working
BOP stack.
NOTE:
shown except the “A“ section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
tank.
Cameron Type “F“.

TYPE-3C (NO SPOOL) BOP STACK*
GRAVITY-FILL TRIP TANK THREE PREVENTERS**
API (RRA)
8
FLOW LINE
FROM
7
TRIP
TANK
ANNULAR
BOP
6
4 ** 9
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
BLIND
RAMS
3 3 5
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION
* A three preventer BOP stack without drilling spool must only be used on 2k psi working
pressure BOP stacks and wells where a low substructure will not accommodate a drilling
spool. Using a BOP stack without a drilling spool requires an exception approval.
** Gravity fill trip tanks require an exception approval.

Type-3C (No Spool) BOP Stack
1. Screwed or flanged plug or gate valves - 2“ minimum nominal diameter - same working
pressure as “A“ section.
BOP stack.
4. Flanged flapper type check valve - 2“ minimum nominal diameter - same working
5. Flanged hydraulically controlled gate valve - 3“ minimum nominal diameter - same
BOP stack.
9. BOP outlets must be 2“ minimum nominal diameter for kill line and 3” minimum
diameter for choke line.
NOTE:
shown except the “A” section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
tank.
b) The choke line between the BOP stack and the choke manifold must not contain any
c) Plug valves shall be equivalent to the Howco Lo-Torc and gate valves equivalent to the
d) An exception approval is required to use the side outlets instead of a spool.
e) For cold weather operations, an injection flange can be installed downstream of the HCV
f) Two single ram preventers may be substituted for the double ram preventer.
g) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines

TYPE-3D BOP STACK
GRAVITY-FILL TRIP TANK*
THREE PREVENTERS AND ROTATING HEAD
API (RSRAG)
ROTATING
HEAD
9 OPTIONAL
ANNULAR
BOP
FROM
TRIP
TANK
BLIND
RAMS
7
4 * 5
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 3 6
PIPE
RAMS
A
SECTION

Type-3D BOP Stack
BOP stack.
4. Flanged flapper type check valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working
BOP stack.
8. Flanged rotating head.
9. Optional-flanged plug or gate valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter.
NOTE:
shown except the ”A” section and items 1 and 2, which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
tank.

TYPE-4A BOP STACK
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK FOUR PREVENTERS
API (RRSRA)
FLOW 8
LINE
FROM
TRIP
VALVES TANK
VALVE
TO 7
TRIP
TANK
ANNULAR
BOP
PIPE
RAMS
6
4
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 5 5
BLIND
RAMS
10
PIPE
RAMS
2
3
B
SECTION
2
A
SECTION
Note: (A) Install double valves on the blind flange outlet of the blind ram BOP preventer for
test purposes.

Type-4A BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
3. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2”" minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as
BOP stack.
BOP stack.
9. BOP outlets must be 2” minimum nominal diameter for kill line and 3” minimum
diameter for choke line.
10. Install double valves on the blind flange outlet of the blind ram preventer for test
purposes.
NOTE:
shown except the ”A” and ”B” section and items 1, 2, and 10 which will be furnished by
ExxonMobil. Trip tank line valves will be furnished by the party responsible for
supplying the trip tank.
e) Two single ram preventers may be substituted for the double ram preventer below the
drilling spool.
f) The use of a check valve on the kill line instead of an HCV is acceptable, with the
manual valve next to the drilling spool.
g) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines
TYPE-4B BOP STACK
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK
FOUR PREVENTERS AND ROTATING BOP
API (RSRRAG)
LIVE DRILLING OPERATIONS
8
BLEED OFF
VALVE ROTATING
BOP
CHECK VALVE
FLOW LINE
VALVES
9 OPTIONAL
FROM TRIP TANK ANNULAR

BOP
PIPE
RAMS
BLIND/
BLIND
SHEAR
RAMS
RAMS
6
4
5
KILL CHOKE
LINE MANIFOLD
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 3 6 7
PIPE
RAMS
B
SECTION
2
10
A
SECTION

Type-4B BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
For Live Drilling Operations
1. Screwed or flanged plug or gate valves - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure
as “A” section.
3. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as BOP
stack.
4. Flanged flapper type check valve - 2" minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as
BOP stack.
5. Drilling spool with 2 flanged side outlets - 3” choke and 2” kill line minimum nominal diameter.
See Table 3-L, Page 3-72.
6. Flanged hydraulically controlled gate valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter - same working
7. Flanged plug or gate valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as BOP
stack.
8. Flanged rotating BOP.
9. Optional flanged plug or gate valve - 3” minimum nominal diameter.
10. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as “B”
section.
NOTE:
a) Unless specified otherwise, the contractor will furnish and maintain all components shown
except the “A” and “B” section and items 1, 2, and 10 which will be furnished by ExxonMobil.
Trip tank line valves will be furnished by the party responsible for supplying the trip tank.
b) The choke line between the drilling spool and choke must not contain any bend or turn in the
pipe body. Any bend or turn required must be made with a running tee with a blind flange or
welded bullplug. All connections must be flanged or welded. All fabrication requiring welding
must be done by a welder qualified to the requirements of API Spec 6A and ASME B&PV Section
IX for low concentrations of H 2 S. For high concentrations of H 2 S, the welder must be qualified to
the requirements of API Spec 6A, ASME B&PV Section IX and NACE MR0175. Weldments,
including the weld metal and the adjacent heat-affected zone in the base metal, are to be stress
relieved, if necessary, to achieve 325 Vickers Hardness using a 10-kilogram load (HV10) for low
concentrations of H 2 S. For higher concentrations of H 2 S, the HV10 is to be no higher than 248.
Welds must be stress relieved when required.
d) For cold weather operations, an injection flange can be installed downstream of the HCV valve
for methanol/glycol injection.
e) A double ram preventer can be interchanged with two single ram preventers.
f) A gravity-fill trip tank shall not be used.
g) The HCV and manually operated valves on the choke line side of the drilling spool are reversed
from normal drilling operations.
h) In a high pressure operation where a rotating BOP is installed (>250 psi operating pressure)
blind/shear rams must be installed. For a low pressure operation where a rotating head (250
psi maximum operating pressure) is used, conventional blind rams are acceptable.
i) Stripping is limited to the annular preventer only, for this BOP configuration.
j) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines next to
system.

TYPE 4C BOP STACK (TAPERED DRILL PIPE STRING)
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK
API ( RRSRA)
SMALL
DRILL
PIPE
LARGE
DRILL
PIPE

Type-4C BOP Stack (Tapered Drill Pipe String)
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
BOP stack.
BOP stack.
“B” section.
NOTE:
shown except the “A” and “B” section and items 1, 2, and 10 which will be furnished by
tee with a blind flange or welded bullplug. All connections must be flanged or welded
e) Two single ram preventers may be substituted for the double ram preventers below the
drilling spool.
f) The use of a check valve on the kill line instead of an HCV valve is acceptable, with the
manual valve next to the drilling spool.
g) A gravity-fill trip tank shall not be used.
h) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines

TYPE-5A BOP STACK
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK
FIVE PREVENTERS
API (RRSRRA)
FLOW 8
LINE
FROM
TRIP
TANK
VALVES
VALVE
7
TO
TRIP ANNULAR
TANK BOP
PIPE
RAMS
BLIND
RAMS
6
4
CHOKE
KILL MANIFOLD
LINE
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 5 5
PIPE
RAMS
PIPE
RAMS
2
9
B
SECTION
2
A
SECTION

Type-5A BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
BOP stack.
BOP stack.
"B" section.
NOTE:
shown except the “A” and “B” section and items 1, 2, and 10 which will be furnished by
d) The double ram preventer or two single ram preventers are interchangeable.
f) If a check valve is used on the kill line, the manual valve must be located next to the
spool.
g) A gravity-fill trip tank shall not be used.
h) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines

TYPE-5B BOP STACK
PUMP-FILL TRIP TANK FIVE PREVENTERS
TAPERED DRILL PIPE STRING
API (RRSRRA)
FLOW 8
LINE
FROM
TRIP
TANK
VALVES
VALVE
7
TO
TRIP ANNULAR
TANK BOP
LARGE
DRILL
PIPE
BLIND
RAMS
6
4
CHOKE
KILL MANIFOLD
LINE
DRILLING
SPOOL
3 5 5
SMALL
DRILL
PIPE
LARGE
DRILL
PIPE
2
9
B
SECTION
2
A
SECTION

Type-5B BOP Stack
Pump-Fill Trip Tank
BOP stack.
BOP stack.
9. Flanged plug or gate valve - 2” minimum nominal diameter - same working pressure as “B”
section.
NOTE:
a) Unless specified otherwise, the contractor will furnish and maintain all components shown
except the “A” and “B” section and items 1, 2, and 10 which will be furnished by
ExxonMobil. Trip tank line valves will be furnished by the party responsible for supplying
the trip tank.
b) The choke line between the drilling spool and choke manifold must not contain any bend
or turn in the pipe body. Any bend or turn required must be made with a running tee with
a blind flange or welded bullplug. All connections must be flanged or welded. All
fabrication requiring welding must be done by a welder qualified to the requirements of
API Spec 6A and ASME B&PV Section IX for low concentrations of H 2 S. For high
ASME B&PV Section IX and NACE MR0175. Weldments, including the weld metal and the
adjacent heat-affected zone in the base metal, are to be stress relieved, if necessary, to
achieve 325 Vickers Hardness using a 10-kilogram load (HV10) for low concentrations of
H 2 S. For higher concentrations of H 2 S, the HV10 is to be no higher than 248. Welds must
be stress relieved when required.
d) The double ram preventer or two single ram preventers are interchangeable.
f) If a check valve is used on the kill line, the manual valve must be located next to the
spool.
g) For more than two drill pipe sizes, VBR's are recommended for one or more pipe rams, but
not the master ram (lowermost ram).
h) A gravity-fill trip tank shall not be used.
i) A 1-inch nominal diameter valve shall be installed on both the opening and closing lines
TABLE 3-L
DRILLING SPOOL DATA
(B)
WEIGHT (LBS.) (A) SPOOL CENTER LINE TO FLANGE OR HUB FACE
BORE CONNECTIONS SIDE OUTLETS (Approx.) HEIGHT (IN.) DIM. (IN.)
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 510 16.50 13.25
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 535 16.50 13.25
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 510 16.50 13.50
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 600 19.75 13.50
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 625 19.75 13.50
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 1025 21.12 15.18
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 1075 21.12 15.18
7 1/16” 7 1/16” - 15,000 Flange 4 1/16 ‘ - 15,000 Flange 1400 22.38 16.44
9” 9” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 700 18.12 15.00
9” 9” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 725 18.12 15.00
9” 9” - 5,000 Flange 2 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 710 18.12 15.25
9” 9” - 5,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 725 18.12 15.25
11” 11” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 950 18.62 16.50
11” 11” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 975 18.62 16.50
11” 11” - 5,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1365 23.88 17.25
11” 11” - 5,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1390 23.88 17.25
11” 11” - 10,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 2190 25.12 18.62
11” 11” - 10,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 2215 25.12 18.62
11” 11” - 10,000 Hub 3 1/16” - 10,000 Hub 1285 25.12 18.62
11” 11” - 10,000 Hub 4 1/16” - 10,000 Hub 1310 25.12 18.62
11” 11” - 15,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 15,000 Flange 4710 29.75 22.50
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 1055 19.38 17.25
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1080 19.38 17.25
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 5,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1755 22.38 19.00
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 5,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1780 22.38 19.00
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 5,000 Hub 3 1/16” - 5,000 Hub 1050 22.38 19.00
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 5,000 Hub 4 1/16” - 5,000 Hub 1075 22.38 19.00
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 10,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 3325 27.75 20.88
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 10,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 10,000 Flange 3355 27.75 20.88
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 10,000 Hub 3 1/16” - 10,000 Hub 1925 27.75 20.88
13 5/8” 13 5/8” - 10,000 Hub 4 1/16” - 10,000 Hub 1950 27.75 20.88
20 3/4” 20 3/4” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 3,000 Flange 2590 27.12 22.62
20 3/4” 20 3/4” - 3,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 2615 27.12 22.62
20 3/4” 20 3/4” - 3,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 2640 27.12 22.62
20 3/4” 20 3/4” - 3,000 Hub 3 1/16” - 3,000 Hub 2565 27.12 22.62
21 1/4” 21 1/4” - 2,000 Flange 7 1/16” - 2,000 Flange 1850 23.88 21.75
21 1/4” 21 1/4” - 2,000 Flange 3 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1800 23.88 21.75
21 1/4” 21 1/4” - 2,000 Flange 4 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 1850 23.88 21.75
21 1/4” 21 1/4” - 2,000 Hub 3 1/16” - 5,000 Hub 1850 23.88 21.75
21 1/4” 21 1/4” - 2,000 Hub 4 1/16” - 5,000 Hub 1825 23.88 21.75
∗29 1/2” 29 1/2” - 500 Flange 7 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 2380 31.75 25.25
∗29 1/2” 29 1/2” - 500 Flange 12” - 500 Flange 2320 31.75 25.00
∗30” 30 - 1,000 Flange 7 1/16” - 5,000 Flange 2500 40.00 27.62
∗30” 30 - 1,000 Flange 12” - 1,000 Flange 2450 40.00 27.62
*Not API

TABLE 3-M
Version July 2000
AVAILABILITY AND BORE OF BLOWOUT PREVENTERS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS

(Inches)
Blowout Preventer
Nominal Working Cameron Cameron Cameron Hydril Hydril Hydril Hydril Shaffer Shaffer Shaffer
Size Pressure “U” “QRC” “D” “GK” “GX” “MSP” Ram “LWS” “SL” Spherical
7-1/16 3,000 7-1/16 7-1/16 7-1/16 7- _ _ 7-1/16 _ ∗ 7-1/16
7-1/16 5,000 7-1/16 7-1/16 7-1/16 1/16 _ _ 7-1/16 7-1/16 _ 7-1/16
7-1/16 10,000 7-1/16 _ 7-1/16 7- _ _ 7-1/16 7-1/16 _ 7-1/16
1/16
7-1/16 15,000 7-1/16 _ 7-1/16 _ _ 7-1/16 _ 7-1/16 _
7-
1/16
7-
1/16
3-75
9 2,000 _ _ _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ _
9 3,000 _ 9 _ 9 _ _ 9 _ * 9
9 5,000 _ 9 _ 9 _ _ 9 9 _ 9
9 10,000 _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ _
11 2,000 _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ _ _ _
11 3,000 11 11 11 11 _ _ 11 11 _ 11
11 5,000 11 11 11 11 _ _ 11 11 _ 11
11 10,000 11 _ 11 11 11 _ 11 _ 11 11
11 15,000 11 _ 11 _ 11 _ 11 _ 11 _
13-5/8 3,000 13-5/8 13-5/8 13-5/8 13- _ _ 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 13-5/8
13-5/8 5,000 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 5/8 _ _ 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 13-5/8
13-5/8 10,000 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 13- 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 13-5/8
5/8
13-5/8 15,000 13-5/8 _ _ 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 _ 13-5/8 _
13-
5/8
_
TABLE 3-M - Continued
Version July 2000
AVAILABILITY AND BORE OF BLOWOUT PREVENTERS BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS

(Inches)
Blowout Preventer
Nominal Working Cameron Cameron Cameron Hydril Hydril Hydril Hydril Shaffer Shaffer Shaffer
Size Pressure “U” “QRC” “D” “GK” “GX” “MSP” Ram “LWS” “SL” Spherical
16-3/4 2,000 _ 16-3/4 _ 16-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ _
16-3/4 3,000 16-3/4 _ 16-3/4 16-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ _
16-3/4 5,000 16-3/4 _ 16-3/4 16-3/4 _ _ _ _ 16-3/4 16-3/4
16-3/4 10,000 16-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ 16-3/4 _ 16-3/4 _
18-3/4 5,000 _ _ 18-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 18-3/4
18-3/4 10,000 18-3/4 _ 18-3/4 _ 18-3/4 _ 18-3/4 _ 18-3/4 _
18-3/4 15,000 18-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ 18-3/4 _ 18-3/4 _
3-76
21-1/4 2,000 21-1/4 _ _ _ _ 21-1/4 21-1/4 _ 21-1/4

21-1/4
21-1/4 3,000 20-3/4 _ 21-1/4 _ _ _ 20-3/4 20-3/4 _ _
21-1/4 5,000 21-1/4 _ _ _ _ _ 21-1/4 _ _ 21-1/4
21-1/4 10,000 21-1/4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21-1/4 _
26-3/4 3,000 26-3/4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
29-1/2 500 _ _ _ _ _ 29-1/2 _ _ _ _
30 1,000 _ _ _ _ _ 30 _ _ _ _
*LWP
TABLE 3-N
Version July 2000
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOP FLANGES, RING GASKETS, FLANGE BOLTS, AND NUTS
All blowout preventers, drilling spools, and adapter flanges will be furnished with the specific API ring joint flange equipment listed below:
Working
Pressure Approved Unacceptable Approved Unacceptable Minimum Minimum
Rating of BOP Flanges Flanges Ring Gaskets Ring Gaskets Bolt Nut
Stack Strength Strength
2,000 psi and 3,000 1. API Type 6B 1. API Type 6B 1. API Type RX 1. API Type R ASTM A 193 ASTM A 194
psi Installations with Type R flat with Type R oval 2. Any used re-placement Grade B7 Grade 2H
bottom groove groove ring
3. Any resilient coated ring
5,000 psi 1. API Type 6B 1. API Type 6B 1. API Type RX 1. API Type R ASTM A 193 ASTM A 194
Installations with Type R flat with Type R oval 2. API Type BX (with 2. Any used re-placement Grade B7 Grade 2H
bottom groove groove Type 6BX flange) ring
2. API Type 6BX 3. Any resilient coated ring
3-77
with Type BX
groove
10,000 psi 1. API Type 6BX 1. API Type 6B with 1. API Type BX 1. API Type R or RX ASTM A 193 ASTM A 194
15,000 psi and with Type BX Type R oval or 2. Any used re-placement Grade B7 Grade
20,000 psi groove flat bottom ring 2H or 2HM
Installations groove 3. Any resilient coated ring (See Note)
• Carbon and low alloy API ring gaskets, with a HRB maximum of 68, or stainless API ring gaskets, with a HRB maximum of 83, are acceptable
in 2, 3, 5, and 10 ksi WP, sweet or sour service drilling BOP stacks and choke manifolds.
• Bolting (studs and nuts) must meet the requirements of API Specification 6A and NACE NR0175 for sweet and sour environments. B-7M bolts
(in either sweet or sour service) will not provide full working pressure capability when used with 5 ksa WP, 13-5/8" or larger API BX flanges;
with 10 ksi WP, 4 -1/16" or larger API BX flanges; or with 15 ksi SP, 2-1/16" or larger API BX flanges (Reference API Spec 6 A).
For bolting with higher strength requirements, ASTM A 453 Grade 660 or Nickel Alloy 718 bolting and ASTM A 194 Grade 2HM nuts shall be
used.
If zinc (electrofilm plated) yellow chromate is used on bolts and nuts, then it MUST be baked according to ASTM B 633.
Note: A 194 Grade 2HM NACE nut is acceptable for all flange sizes and rated working pressures.
TABLE 3-O
Version July 2000
RAM PREVENTER OPENING AND CLOSING RATIOS

Size W.P. (psi) Cameron U Shaffer “SL” Hydril Ram
Open Close Open Close Open Close
7-1/16” 3,000 2.3 6.9 1.5 5.4
5,000 2.3 6.9 1.5 5.4
10,000 2.3 6.9 1.7 8.2
15,000 2.3 6.9 3.37 7.11 6.6 7.6
9” 2,000
3,000 2.6 5.3
5,000 2.6 5.3
10,000
11” 2,000 2.5 7.3
3,000 2.5 7.3 2.0 6.8
5,000 2.5 7.3 2.0 6.8
10,000 2.5 7.3 7.62 7.11 2.4 7.6
15,000 2.2 9.9 2.8 7.11 3.24 7.6
3-78
13-5/8” 3,000 2.3 7.0 3.00 5.54 2.1 5.2

5,000 2.3 7.0 3.00 5.54 2.1 5.2
10,000 2.3 7.0 4.29 7.11 3.8 10.6
15,000 5.6 8.4 2.14 7.11 3.56 7.74
16-3/4” 2,000
3,000 2.3 6.8
5,000 2.3 6.8 2.03 5.54
10,000 2.3 6.8 2.06 7.11 2.41 10.6
18-3/4” 10,000 3.6 7.4 1.83 7.11 1.9 10.6
15,000 4.1 9.7 1.68 10.85 2.15 7.27
21-1/4” 2,000 1.3 7.0 0.98 5.2
3,000 1.3 7.0 0.98 5.2
5,000 5.1 6.2 1.9 10.6
10,000 4.1 7.2 1.63 7.11
26-3/4” 3,000 1.0 7.0
TABLE 3-P
HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPICAL THREE PREVENTER STACK**
5,000 PSI WORKING PRESSURE
7-1/16” --
7-1/16" 11”
11"-- 13-5/8”
13-5/8" -
10,000 PSI*
5,000 PSI* 10,000
5,000 PSI* 10,000
3,000 PSI*
PSI*
HYDRIL 'GK'
CAMERON ‘D’ 34-7/32”
ANNULAR
ANNULAR 36-7/8" 43-9/16”
47-3/4" 49-3/32”
45-1/4"
15,000 PSI -
44-3/4”
30-9/16” 35-11/16” 41-11/16”

CAMERON ‘U’
CAMERON QRC 26-1/2" 36" 34-1/2"
RAM 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
31-13/16” 44-13/16” 53-11/16”
DRLG. SPOOL 24" 24" 24"

14-3/8” 16-1/4” 20-7/8”
CAMERON 48-5/8” 55-7/8” 66-5/8”

DOUBLE ‘U’
CAMERON QRC 26-1/2" 36" 34-1/2"
RAM 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI
49-7/8” 69-3/4” 81-3/4”
10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI -

127-25/32” 151-3/8” 178-9/16”
113-7/8" 143-3/4" 138-1/4"
15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
140-13/16” 174-3/8” 205-13/32”
NOTE: DETERMINE HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL OTHER COMBINATIONS

FROM DATA INCLUDED IN MANUFACTURERS' CATALOGS.
*HEIGHTS DO NOT INCLUDE FLANGE STANDOFF DUE TO RING GASKETS.

**FOR EXAMPLE PURPOSES ONLY; ALL LENGTHS MAY VARY.

TABLE 3-Q
HEIGHTS REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPICAL FOUR PREVENTER STACK*
Cameron Preventers
5,000 psi Working Pressure
7-1/16" - 11" - 13-5/8" - 16-3/4" -

5,000 PSI* 5,000 PSI* 5,000 PSI* 5,000 PSI*
CAMERON 'D'
HYDRIL
ANNULAR 25-1/2" 35-15/16" 40-3/16" 49"
ANNULAR
CAMERON MOD. B
HYDRIL 'U'
RAM
RAM 27-1/2" 34-5/16" 33-13/16" 43-1/16"
DRLG. SPOOL
12-7/8" 17" 15-1/2" 24"
HYDRIL MOD. B
CAMERON
DOUBLE
DOUBLE 'U' 44-3/16" 54-1/2" 55-7/8" 68-7/8"
RAM
RAM
110-1/16" 141-3/4" 145-3/8" 184-15/16"

*FOR EXAMPLE PURPOSES ONLY; ALL LENGTHS MAY VARY.

TABLE 3-R
HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPICAL FOUR PREVERTER STACK*
Cameron Preventers
7-1/16" - 11" - 13-5/8" - 16-3/4" -

10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI*
34-7/32" 5,000 PSI

CAMERON 'D'
HYDRIL
ANNULAR
ANNULAR 43-9/16" 49-9/32" 49"
15,000 PSI
44-3/4"
30-9/16" 35-11/16" 41-11/16" 49-11/16"
CAMERON
HYDRIL 'U'
RAM
RAM 15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI
15,000 PSI
31-13/16" 44-13/16" 53-11/16"
DRLG. SPOOL 14-3/8" 16-1/4" 20-7/8" 24"
CAMERON 48-5/8" 55-7/8" 66-5/8"

HYDRIL
DOUBLE 'U'
DOUBLE 77-3/4"
RAM
RAM
15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI
49-7/8" 69-3/4" 81-3/4"
127-25/32" 151-3/8" 178-9/16"
200-7/16"
15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI
140-13/16" 174-3/8" 205-13/32"


TABLE 3-S
HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPICAL FOUR PREVENTER STACK*
Hydril Preventers
7-1/16” - 11” - 13-5/8” -

5,000 PSI* 5,000 PSI* 5,000 PSI*
GK
GK GK 54-1/2”
HYDRIL
ANNULAR 36-7/8” 48-1/4”
GL
(SCREWED) (LATCHED) 52-3/16”
(LATCHED)
HYDRIL 24-1/4” 35-1/2” 36-1/4”

RAM
DRLG. SPOOL
19-3/4” 23-7/8” 22-3/8”
HYDRIL
DOUBLE 37-3/8” 55”
RAM
GK
171-1/4”
118-1/4” 162-5/8”
GL
168-15/16”


TABLE 3-T
Hydril Preventers
7-1/16” - 11” - 13-5/8” -

10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI*
GK GX GX
HYDRIL’ 47-5/8” 57-1/8” 63-1/4”
ANNULAR
15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
53-1/2” 67-1/8” 77”
29-1/4” 36-1/4” 41-3/4”

HYDRIL
RAM 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI
34-3/16” 47-1/8” 51-3/16”
DRLG. SPOOL
21-1/8” 25-1/8” 27-3/4”
HYDRIL 46” 56-7/8”

DOUBLE
RAM 15,000 PSI 15,000 PSI -
54-5/8” 74-9/16”
10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI -

144” 175-9/16” 198-1/2”
15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -

163-7/16” 213-15/16” 236-3/4”


TABLE 3-U
Shaffer Preventers
7-1/16” - 11” - 13-5/8” - 16-3/4” -

5000 PSI 5000 PSI 3000 PSI* 5000 PSI*
SHAFFER 44-15/16”
ANNULAR 30-7/8” 41-1/2” (BOLTED) 51-15/16”
(BOLTED) (BOLTED) (WEDGED)
45-1/2”
(WEDGED)
LWS LWS SL SL
SHAFFER
RAM
28-1/4” 37” 33-3/8” 43-1/2”
DRLG. SPOOL
24” 24” 24-1/4” 24”
SHAFFER LWS LWS SL SL

DOUBLE
RAM 49” 50-1/2” 50-1/8” 61-3/8”
123-1/8” 153” 156-11/16” 180-13/16”


TABLE 3-V
Shaffer Preventers
7-1/16” - 11” - 13-5/8” - 16-3/4” -
10,000 PSI 10,000 PSI 10,000 PSI* 10,000 PSI*
SHAFFER 5,000 PSI -

ANNULAR 42-1/4” 53” 53-3/8”
51-15/16”
(BOLTED) (WEDGED) (WEDGED)
(WEDGED)
LWS SL SL
39-7/8” 42-7/8” 48-1/8” SL
SHAFFER
55-7/8”
RAM 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
39-1/4” 57” 64-1/2”
DRLG. SPOOL
24-1/4” 24-1/4” 24-1/4” 24-1/4”
LWS SL SL
SHAFFER 59-5/8” 60-1/4” 66-1/8” SL
DOUBLE 74-1/8”
RAM SL 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
15,000 PSI - 75-1/2” 84-1/4”
53”
10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI - 10,000 PSI -

168” 180-3/8” 196-7/8” 10,000 PSI -
206-3/16”
15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI - 15,000 PSI -
158-3/4” 209-3/4” 231-3/8”


3.6 REFERENCES
• Operations and Technical Bulletin #98-85 "Guidelines for the Use of Wear
Bushings and BOP Test Plugs" (EUSADO)
• Safe Operations Alert SOA 1-92 - "Hammer Wrench Use" (EUSADO)
• API 6A - "Specifications for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment"
• API RP 53 - "Recommended Practices for Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems
for Drilling Wells"
• ExxonMobil Bridging Document for Interim Well Casing and Tubing Design, 2000.
• EPRCO Casing and Tubing Manual, June 15, 1995, Volume 1
• Mobil LRFD Casing and Tubing Design Manual

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3.

0 BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK EQUIPMENT & SPECIFICATIONS

Version July 2000 3-1

3.2 BLOWOUT PREVENTER STACK REQUIREMENTS

Version July 2000 3-2

Version July 2000 3-3

Plastic Energized Acceptable

(1) Other mfgr. ram blocks unacceptable.

Care and Storage of Rubber Products

Version July 2000 3-5

Version July 2000 3-6

Version July 2000 3-7

Version July 2000 3-9

Equipment Hydril - Type GK Shaffer Spherical Cameron - Type D

Design 7. Sealing element/steel segment 7. Sealing element/segment 7. Sealing element/segment

Version July 2000 3-10

Equipment Hydril - Type GK Shaffer Spherical Cameron - Type D

SHAFFER SPHERICAL BOP CAMERON D BOP

Version July 2000 3-11

Version July 2000 3-12

PREVENTER BODY PREVENTER BONNET

Version July 2000 3-14

Version July 2000 3-15

7-1/16 x 3/15MxU 2-3/8 3-1/2 30,000 30,000 150,000 X X X X X

21-1/4X2MxU *5 7 X X X X 100,000 125,000 250,000 X

Version July 2000 3-16

Version July 2000 3-17

HYDRIL Ram BOP Hangoff Capacity

Version July 2000 3-18

(inches) (psi) (inches) (inches)

Version July 2000 3-19

Rotating Heads/Rotating BOP's

Version July 2000 3-22

KELLY DRIVE ASSEMBLY

Version July 2000 3-23

BOP Stack Connections

Version July 2000 3-24

Version July 2000 3-25

BOLT MAKE-UP TORQUE VALUES FOR 6BX FLANGES

RECOMMENDED 6BX FLANGE BOLT TORQUE

GRADE B-7M STUDS WITH GRADE B-7 STUDS WITH

TORQUE TORQUE TORQUE TORQUE

3/4 - 10 UNC 90 153 118 200

7/8 - 9 UNC 143 243 188 319

1 - 8 UN 213 361 279 474

1-1/8 8 UN 305 523 401 686

1-3/8 8 UN 563 976 739 1,281

1-1/2 8 UN 733 1,278 962 1,677

1-5/8 8 UN 934 1,635 1,226 2,146

1-3/4 8 UN 1,169 2,054 1,534 2,696

1-7/8 8 UN 1,440 2,539 1,890 3,332

2 - 8 UN 1,750 3,094 2,297 4,061

Version July 2000 3-26

6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE 6BX - FLANGE

R - OVAL FLANGE 6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE 6B - FLAT BOTTOM FLANGE

Version July 2000 3-27

As previously mentioned, ExxonMobil requires the bolted flange connections on surface

Cameron's recommended torque requirements as shown on the following pages can be

Version July 2000 3-28

Version July 2000 3-29

1 1-13/16” - 10kpsi 2 BOLT 7959-1(1-7/16” AF) 7/8” 270 180

2 1-13/16” - 15kpsi 2 BOLT -3(1-13/16” AF) 1-1/8” 600 400

3 1-13/16” - 20kpsi 2 BOLT -4(2” AF) 1-1/4” 825 550