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I.LEARNING OUTCOME
Students with crippling conditions walk with crutches, braces or move around
wheelchair
Students who have health impairments and acute health problems caused by
asthma heart diseases, rheumatic fever and other diseases.
Children with cerebral palsy, a severe impairment that from maintaining normal
postures and balances to perform normal movements and skills.
By Araceli G. de Leon
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Langular bones
Arms (2x30) 60
Adult Spine consists of 26
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
- the sacrum is made of five vertebrae and the coccyx four. In adults the
vertebrae are fused together.
Muscles
There are three kinds of muscles, Striped Muscle, so called because of its
striated appearance under the microscope, makes up the majority. It contracts in
response to messages from the brain. Smooth Muscle is not under conscious
control. It controls the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems, such
unconscious responses as adjusting the Iris in the eye. Cardiac Muscle is found
only in the heart and is unique in being able to contract rhythmically and
continuously.
*Cause deformities and/or absence of body organs and systems necessary for
mobility; and affect the nervous system making mobility awkward and uncoordinated.
The two distinct and separate types of Physical Disabilities are orthopedic
Impairments and Neurological Impairments.
An orthopedic Impairments affects the bones, joints, limbs and associated muscles
of the skeletal system. Examples of orthopedic Impairments are:
3. Bone fracture or breakage in the continuity of the bone results from falls and
accidents
6. Limb deficiency refers to the absence or partial loss of an arm or leg. The Greek
word "plegia" which means "to strike" is used in combination with the affected
limb, that is, arm or leg, to describe the condition.
* Quadriplegia
* Paraplegia
* Hemiplegia
* Diplegia
* Monoplegia
* Triplegia
* Double hemiplegia
Clubfoot- the child is born with one or both feet deformed usually with the feet and
toes turned inward, outward or upward often accompanied by webbed toes.
Clubhand- the same as clubfoot but this time the hands and fingers are deformed.
Syndactylism- the fingers or toes or both are webbed like those of fowls, ducks and
hens.
Cerebral Palsy
The children with cerebral Palsy have little or no control over the arms, legs,
or speech depending on the type or degree of Impairments. They may have impaired
vision or hearing. Perceptual and sensory difficulties, learning difficulties and
intellectual Impairments may accompany cerebral palsy. Specific types are as
follows:
Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida is a congenital defect in the vertebrae that enclosed the spinal
cord. As a result, a portion of the spinal cord and the nerves that normally control
muscles and feeling in the lower part of the body fail to develop normally.
Spinal cord injuries are results of accidents. Injury to the spinal column is
generally described by letters and numbers indicating the site of the damage. For
example, C5-6 means the damage has occurred at the level of the fifth and sixth
cervical vertebrae, a flexible area of the neck susceptible to injury from whiplash and
driving.
Health Impairment
Asthma
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism that affects the way the body absorbs and
breaks down sugars and starches in food. Children with diabetes have insufficient
insulin, a hormone normally produced by the pancreas necessary for proper
metabolism and digestion of food.
Epilepsy
-formerly called "grand mal" is the most conspicuous and serious type.
Absence seizure
-previously known as "petit mal" is far less severe than the generalized tonic
clonic siezure but may occur more frequently as often as 100 times per day in some
children.
Partial seizure
-which could be complex or simple. A complex partial seizure also called
psychomotor seizure may appear as a brief period of inappropriate or purposeless
activity.
Hemophilia
- is a rare heredity disorder in which the blood does not clot as quickly as it
should. The most serious consequences are usually internal rather than external
bleeding contary to popular opinion.
Burns
In this category includes children who exhibit two or more disabilities with the
exception of the deaf-blind: usually the combination is mental retardation, learning
disabilities, autism, down syndrome, speech disorders, physical disabilities, visual
and hearing impairment emotional and behavioral disorders and others.
CHARACTERISTICS
Educational programs
have mild to moderate disabilities that are correctible with assistive devices,
need for support is intermittent or periodic;
have borderline or average mental ability, slow learner or with mild mental
retardation with mild learning disabilities;
2. Special class
The special class is composed of children with disabilities who do not meet
the criteria for inclusion in the regular class. While the special education teacher
handles the class partial mainstreaming in regular classes may be worked out.
3. Hospital-Bound instruction
The especial education programs of the hospital admit children with physical
disabilities or chronic illnesses who cannot study in regular schools. The National
Orthopedic Hospital (NOH) located in Quezon City has a school for Crippled
Children that offers educational services from the elementary to the secondary level.
The Philippine General Hospital in Manila has a ward known as “Silahis ng
Kalusugan” that caters to children who are suffering from chronic illnesses and
diseases.
Instructional Models
The physical therapist (PT) is primarily concerned with the planning and
implementation of the program to development and maintains correct bodily posture
and mobility. The programs objective is to assist the child in the use of muscles and
locomotor functions to reduce pain, discomfort or long term physical damage.
Ultimately, efficiency and independence in the use of motor skills and the
development of muscular functions is achieved. Massage and prescriptive exercises
are used together with activities on proper sitting position, special positioning or
toileting and feeding, use of special equipment’s, and play programs, and swimming
that children with or without disabilities can enjoy together.
The occupational therapist (OT) focuses on the child participation in activities that
are useful in self-care, communication, recreation, employment and other daily living
skills. Specific training is given to motor behaviors like drinking from a modified cup,
buttoning clothes, tying shoes, pouring liquids and other adaptive skills. These
activities enhance the child physical development, independence, vocational
potential, and self- concept.
The speech therapist (ST) deals with the remediation of all forms of speech,
voice, hearing and language problems caused by physical, mental or psychological
disorders.
Physicians, nurses and specialist appraise the current health status and
the disability itself, provide treatment and recommend therapy services when
needed. The prosthetics designs and fits artificial limbs; the orthoptist designs and
fits braces and other assistive devices; the biomedical engineer develops or adapts
assistive technology; and the social workers assist students and families in their
adjustment to the disabilities. The psychologist conducts psych diagnostic and
educational assessment for use as basis in school programs planning and
intervention. The guidance counselor offers individual counseling, guidance
services and family therapy to those who need these services.
Environmental Modifications
Conclusion:
Evaluation
3. A disorder of metabolism that affects the way the body absorbs and breaks
down sugars and starches in food
a. Diabetes c. Epilepsy
b. Asthma d. Tremor
a. Ataxia c. Athetosis
Test II.
Modified True or False. Write T if the statement is TRUE, write F if the statement is
FALSE then change the underlined word to make it correct. Write your answer at the
space provided.
___________________6. Spinal cord injuries is a congenital in the vertebrae that
encloses the cord
_______________10. The total bones in the different part of body is 205 bones.
Answer Key:
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. Spinal Bifida
7.Health Impairment
8. T
9.Occupational Therapist
10. 206