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SLABS
Uncover the true
potential of your structure
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Design solutions
CCL carries out complete designs for post-tensioned “Experience and expertise,
concrete applications. Experience and expertise gained from working on
gained from working on projects around the world, projects around the world,
are combined to deliver prompt, effective solutions. enable CCL’s design team to
The Company uses the latest design software which provide prompt and effective
is continually updated to reflect current international
design solutions.“
construction codes of practice.
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intelligent solutions...
CCL post-tensioned slabs represent continuous development through involvement in
building structures worldwide. CCL systems present innovative solutions
to some of the common restrictions faced by architects, engineers and contractors.
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real benefits...
CCL post-tensioned slab systems are the first choice for many architects, contractors and
engineers around the world. The intelligent use of post-tensioning technology by CCL’s
experienced engineers can bring bespoke solutions to suit each unique situation.
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realising...
Post-tensioning provides a means to overcome the natural weakness of concrete in tension
and to make better use of its strength in compression.
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...the possibilities
Types of Slabs
CCL post-tensioned slab systems can be integrated into any type of slab, including flat, ribbed or waffle slabs, which may include
drop caps, drop panels or band beams to produce optimal configurations.
SOLID FLAT SLAB SOLID FLAT SLAB SOLID FLAT SLAB WITH BANDED FLAT SLAB
WITH DROP PANELS DROP CAPS
WAFFLE SLAB RIBBED SLAB WAFFLE SLAB WITH SOLID SLAB WITH
WITH SOLID PANELS BEAMS NARROW BEAM
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structural design...
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typical span to depth ratios...
The following table gives span/depth ratios for a variety of section types of multi-span
floors. The table can be used to determine slab thickness for given span and loads.
2.5 40
1. Solid Flat Slab 5.0 36
10.0 30
2.5 44
2. Solid Flat Slab
5.0 40
with Drop Panels 10.0 35
h
d 2.5 40
3. SOLID FLAT slab
5.0 36
WITH DROP CAPS d d 10.0 30
hh Slab Beam
dd
2.5
4. banded h 45 25
d 5.0
flat slab h
dd dd d
10.0
40 22
hh
d d dd
35 18
d d
h dd dd
d
5. WAFFLE FLAT 2.5 28
slab with d d
5.0 26
solid panels 10.0 23
2.5 28
6. WAFFLED SLAB
5.0 26
WITH BAND BEAM 10.0 23
2.5 30
7. ribbed slab 5.0 27
10.0 24
Slab Beam
2.5 42 18
8. SOLID SLAB
5.0 38 16
WITH NARROW BEAM 10.0 34 13
* Span lengths outside of this range can also be accommodated. Please contact CCL for details.
The above table is based upon information contained within Technical Report 43 ‘Post-tensioned Concrete Floors’.
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monostrand unbonded systems...
CCL’s unbonded single strand tendon system is quick to install; tendons can be easily
deflected to avoid openings and to cope with irregular slab shapes. The system has
reduced friction losses and increased eccentricity. It requires no grouting.
The grease reduces friction and the sheathing allows for free relative
movement of the strand with respect to the surrounding concrete
during stressing. Both grease and sheathing provide long-term
corrosion protection to the steel.
Plastic caps filled with corrosion-inhibiting grease seal the strand end
after stressing and cropping.
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unbonded installation...
• G
rease coated and plastic sheathed strands are cut to the • The wedges are installed and the ends of the strands are
required length and fitted with dead end anchorages where marked for elongation measurement
applicable
• C
oncrete strength is confirmed by crushing of cylinder
• The slab formwork is laid (or cube) samples taken from the same pour
• Live end anchorage positions are marked on the side shutters • Calibrated
CCL stressing equipment is assembled and set to
the required force
• The live end anchorages are fitted to the side shutters
• C
CL trained specialists stress the tendons according to the
• The bottom layer of reinforcement is fixed (where required stressing sequence and check the elongation
applicable)
• Tendon tails are cut with CCL strand croppers or
• Tendons are laid and profiled on chairs to the correct cutting discs
design profile
• The bottom formwork is stripped
• Top reinforcement is fixed over supports
• T
endon tails are capped and stressing pockets are filled with
• C
oncrete is poured and vibrated with care in order not to non-shrink grout/mortar
damage the tendons
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multi-strand bonded flat slab systems...
CCL bonded systems incorporate groups of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 strands contained within a tendon
in a flat duct anchored at each end by CCL flat nchorages. This allows the tendons to be
positioned close to the surface to obtain maximum eccentricity within the slab.
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bonded installation...
• The slab formwork is laid • Side shuttering is removed in preparation for stressing
• Live anchorage positions are marked to side shutters • Anchor heads and wedges are threaded onto the ends of the
tendon
• Live end anchorages are fitted to side shutters
• Tendon tails are marked for elongation measurement
• The bottom layer of reinforcement is fixed
(where applicable) • Concrete strength is confirmed by crushing of cylinder (or cube)
samples taken from the same pour
• Ducts are laid out by connecting and sealing standard duct
lengths • Calibrated CCL stressing equipment is
assembled and set to the required force
• The appropriate number of strands are pushed through the
ducts and cut to the required length; bonded dead ends are • CCL trained specialists stress the tendons according to required
formed where required stressing sequence and check the elongation
• Grout vents are installed and ducts are set upon chairs to the • Tendon tails are cut and stressing pockets are filled with
correct design profile non-shrink grout/mortar
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Global Quality
CCL operates globally, with a network of sister companies and
partners to ensure a close proximity to projects worldwide. A
combination of independence, expertise, attention to detail, integrity
and service makes CCL the preferred choice on projects that matter.
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CCL was established in 1935 to provide cutting-edge
engineering solutions. Since then, the Company has grown
and diversified to become one of the world’s leading global
engineering companies specialising in prestressed concrete
technology.
www.cclint.com
CCL 10/2011