SURNAME PAPI

THUKELA

NAME LUBABALO

SIHLE

Student no 217061516

217065163

COURSE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TASK PRACTICAL REPORT

LECTURER MS M. NAEL

LAB TECH MS NANDI

DUE DATE 24 JULY 2018

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 Abstract
This practical report is based on three phase star and delta unbalanced connected
loads. The main purpose of hands on in the laboratory is to understand the basic
working principle of a three phase Unbalanced loads and also measured the results
values of current, voltage and power. We have connected the three different circuits
with three phase power supply with VAN of 120 angle 0°, VCN of 120 angle -120° and VBN
of 120 and angle 120°as shown in figure 1. And we were using three unequal
impedances. The aim was to connect the circuit correctly and measure the results and
compare them with the theory. As we connected two circuits where one was having a
power meter on line C and other doesn’t have it and impedances were star connection.
The purpose was to learn and compare these two.

Table of contents

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1. ABSTRACT……………………………………PAGE 2
2. LIST OF FIGURES…………………………PAGE 4
3. INTRODUCTION…………………………..PAGE 5
4. THEORY………………………………………PAGE 6
5. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS……………PAGE 7
6. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS…………….PAGE 8
7. CALCULATIONS…………………………..PAGE 9
8. CONCLUSION……………………………..PAGE 12
9. REFRENCES………………………………..PAGE 12
10. APPENDIX…………………………………PAGE 12

List of figures and symbols

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Resistor(R)

Capacitor(C)

Inductor(L)

Watt meter(W)

Ammeter(A)

Introduction

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Three phase ac. Electric power is common method of alternating current electric
power generation, transmission and distribution. It is a type of poly phase system
and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer
power. It is also used to power large motors and other heavy loads.

In general, the loads connected to the three phases are unequal and the currents in the
three phases are equal in magnitude and displaced in phase by 120 degrees. The power
dissipated in three phase loads is not equal to the sum of power dissipated in each
phase. In case of unbalanced system the power dissipated in three phase are not equal
and the total power dissipated in a unbalanced three phase load. In a star connected
unbalanced system line currents are equal and phase currents will be different. A
voltage and current across each impedance are 120 degrees out of phase.

In a laboratory there are rules to follow are as follows, never switch on the power
supply without lab technician authority and also while connecting your lids switch off
the components. You must wear safety shoes and do not operate the machines with
wet hands.

THEORY
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In a star connection the three phase joined together to form a common junction N. The
common junction N is called the neutral point. The three lines conductors are run from
the three free ends and are designated as A, B and C. This constitutes a three phases,
three wire star connected system. The voltage between any line and the neutral points
is called the phase voltage while the voltage between any two lines is called line
voltage. The current flowing in the phase are called phase currents while those flowing
in the lines are called the line currents.

The three phase voltages are equal in magnitude but displaced 120 degrees electrical
from each other. The same is true for line voltages; such a supply systemic is called
balanced supply system.

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT IN UNBALANCED STAR CONNECTION

A unbalanced three phase star connected system in which the Rms values of the Emf
generated in the three phases are Ean, Ebn and Ecn.
In a unbalanced three phase star connected
1. Line voltage VL = 3 * E ph
2 All phase voltages are equal in magnitude but displaced 120 degrees apart from one
another.
3. Line voltages are 30 degrees ahead of their respective phase voltage

In delta connection the dissimilar ends of the three phase windings are joined together
for example finishing end of one phase is connected to the starting end of the other
phase and so to obtain delta .The three line conductors are taken from the three
`junction of the delta and are designated as A, B and C. This is called three phase three
wire delta connected system. Since the is no neutral exist in a delta connection, only
three phase three wire system can be formed.

Experimental methods and results

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Figure 1: ammeters, voltmeter, and impedance (R, L And C)

We connected the circuit using the components and instruments in the picture.

Figure 2: wattmeter

Firstly we identify the components, we measure a supply voltages to 120 volts each line
and we use three color so we can easily I identify lines red, yellow and blue. We set
impedances as follows:

components Za POSITION AND Zb POSITION AND Zc POSITION AND VALUE

VALUE VALUE

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R 2 & 750 Ω 4 & 300 Ω 6 & 150 Ω
L 4 & 1.27 H 5 & 0.9H 7 & 0.52H
C 3 &5uf 5& 10uf 7& 18uf

We then connected our circuit as star unbalanced loads. In all lines we measure
currents and line to voltages including neutral current also we measure the power on
line C(line3) we recorded the following values

Currents per line Line to line voltages POWER

Lin1(IA) lin2(IB) lin3 (Ic) Lin4(In) VAB VBC VAC C

Discussion of results
In a star connection system the measured results values of a current are slightly the
same with the calculated results values but the only difference is the rounding off and
also the measured values of a voltages are differs from the calculated values.

CALCULATIONS

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 Z A  R  j( X L  X C )

R  750, L  1.27 H , C  5F

X L  2FL
X L  2  50  1.27
X L  398.98

1
XC 
2FC
1
XC 
2  50  5
X C  636.62

Z A  750  j (398.89  636062)

Z A  786.75  17.58

Z B  R  j( X L  X C )

R  300, L  0.9 H , C  10 F

X L  2FL
X L  2  50  0.9
X L  282.74

1
XC 
2FC
1
XC 
2  50  10 
X C  318.31

Z B  300  j (282.74  318.31)

Z B  302.10  6.76

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Z C  R  j( X L  X C )

R  150, L  0.52 H , C  18F

X L  2FL
X L  2  50  0.52
X L  163.36

1
XC 
2  50  18
X C  176.84

Z C  150  j (163.36  176.84)

Z C  150.6  5.14

V AN
IA 
ZA
1200
IA 
786.75  17.58
I A  0.1517.58 A

VBN
IB 
ZB
120  120
IB 
302.10  6.76
I B  0.397  113.24 A

VCN
IC 
ZC
120120
IC 
150.6  5.14
I C  0.797125.14 A

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I N  I A  I B  IC
I N  0.1517.58  0.397  113.24  0.789125.14
I N  0.58144.88 A

V AB  3V AN 30
V AB  3  1200  30
V AB  207.8530V

V BC  3V BN 30
V BC  3  120  120  30
V BC  207.85  90V

VCA  3VCN 30

VCA  3  120120  30
VCA  207.85150

P3  VCA I C Cos voltage

current

P3  207.85  0.797Cos150  125.14

P3  165.65Cos24.86
P3  149.71W

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 CONCLUSION

Practical went well and also the results worked out. The components used (ammeters,
voltmeter, and the wattmeter), gave results that are slightly the same as calculated
results of voltages and currents. Now we have done this practical experiment. It can be
proved that a three phase has an advantage than a single phase system. Three phases
have more efficient use of copper wire for the distribution of power, constant power
from generators and motors and few ripple in the direct current output when
alternating current is converted to direct current.

References

1. Basic electrical technology, Charles A. Gross, 5thedition

2. www.google.com/threephase.\\mm

Appendix

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