PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

Pranathi Patel Y.M

NPSI Mysore
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks

of gratitude to my teacher Ms.Sonal as
well as our principal Ms.Shubha Achaiah
who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I
came to know about so many new things.
I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my
parents who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame.
 INTRODUCTION

What is Induction or
Inductance?

Electromagnetic Induction law was

given by Faraday which states that by
varying the magnetic flux electromotive
force is induced in the circuit. From
Faraday’s as the electromotive force
generated to oppose the change in
current in particular time duration.
According to Faraday’s Law:
Electro motive force = – L ΔIΔt
Unit of Inductance = Volt Second
Ampere
Law of electromagnetic induction, the
concept of induction is derived.
Inductance can be defined
Types of Inductance

Two types of inductance are there:

 Self-Induction
 Mutual Induction

What is Self-Induction?

When there is a change in current or

magnetic flux of the coil, an opposed
induced electromotive force is produced.
This phenomenon is termed as Self
Induction. When the current starts flowing
through the coil at any instant, it is found
that that the magnetic flux becomes
directly proportional to the current passing
through the circuit. The relation is given
as:
What is Mutual Induction?

We take two coils, and they are placed

close to each other. The two coils are
P- coil (Primary coil) and S- coil
(Secondary coil). To the P-coil, a
battery, and a key is connected
wherein the S-coil a galvanometer is
connected across it. When there is a
change in the current or magnetic flux
linked with two coils an opposing
electromotive force is produced across
each coil, and this phenomenon is
termed as Mutual Induction
AIM:

To study the factor on which the self-

inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series
with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by
an A.C source of adjustable frequency.

APPARATUS:

A coil of large turns, A.C source of

adjustable frequency, an electrical bulb,
(6V) A.C ammeter of suitable range
rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key,
connecting wires
THEORY:

Self-inductance is the property of a coil

which opposes the change in current
through it. The self-inductance of a coil is

Where = Relative magnetic permeability

of magnetic material

N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l = length of solenoid
Hence, the self-inductance depends on:
1. No. of turns (N)
2. Geometry of coil
3. Nature of core material

When an inductor connected in series

with a resistor (bulb) with a variable
source of frequency, then current flowing
in the bulb is

Where Z= = impedance of the A.C

circuit. Here:
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
= 2 = Angular frequency of A.C source
The brightness of bulb that is the heat
generated in the bulb is

H=

P=

P=

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as shown in

the circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the A.C supply and

adjust the current in the circuit by using
the variable resistor

3. Record the current in A.C ammeter

and observe the brightness of the bulb.

4. Now put the soft iron rod inside the

condutor core and record the current in
A.C ammeter and observe the
brightness of the bulb again.The
current and brightness both decrease.

5. Now switch off the supply and

decrease the frequency of A.c source.
6. Again, switch on the supply and
adjust the current in circuit at same
constant voltage ^V by using the
rheostat. Note the current in ammeter
and brightness of the bulb ( both
increase).
7. Insert the iron rod in the core of coil
and note the current and brightness
(decreases)
8. Repeat the steps 5,6 and 7 for
diferent frequency of A.C source

OBERVATIONS:

1. Least count of ammeter =

2. Zero error of ammeter =
3. Range of ammeter =
RESULT:

1. The current in the circuit decreases

on inserting the iron rod in the core
of coil at constant frequency of
applied voltage and brightness of
bulb decreases and vice-versa.
2. Current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied
voltage and vice-versa. Therefore the
brightness of the bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. The coil should have large number of

turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small
time to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERROR:

1. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly

due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be edgy current in soft iron coil