HYDROCARBONS

largest volume eo Components:

Terpene
TURPENTINE OILS Pinus palustris
USES: Pinene
-counter irritant Camphene

RECTIFIED TURPENTINE distillation from an USES:

OIL aqueous soln of NaOH -expectorant

USES:
Form by action of NITRIC
-expectorant
TERPIN HYDRATE or ACID on rectified
-stimulant to mucous
TERPINOL turpentine oil in presence
membrane
of alcohol
-usual dose: 85mg

ALCOHOL

USES:
-pharmaceutic aid
Distilled with steam of
-carminative
fresh overground parts of Menthol – alcohol volatile
PEPPERMINT OIL -stimulant
flowering plant of Mentha component
-counter irritant
piperita (lamiaceae)
-flavorant in chewing
gums

Distilled from dried ripe

Cineol
seed of Elletaria USES:
CARDAMON OIL Alpha-terpinyl acetate
cardamomum -carminative
(zingiberaceae)

Steam distillation of a
USES:
dried ripe fruit of
CORIANDER OIL Flavor Linalool (coriandrol)
Coriandium sativum
carminative
(apiaceae)

Otto/rose
Geraniol
USES:
ROSE OIL Citronellol
Distilled from fresh flower perfume
Nerol
of Rosa gallica (rosaceae)
 Neroli oil
USES:
Linalool – basil leaves
ORANGE OIL Distilled from fresh flower Flavor
(Ociumum basilicum)
of Citrus aurantium diuretic
(rutaceae)

Steam distillation of the

USES:
dried ripe fruit of Borneol
JUNIPER OIL Flavor
Juniperus communis Alpha pinene
diuretic
(cupressaceae)

Steam distillation of wood

PINE OIL of Pinus palustris Alpa terpinol
(pinaceae)

USES:
-topical antipruritic
Mentha arvensis -counter irritant
JAPANESE PEPPERMINT
(lamiaceae) -antiseptic
OIL
Steam distillation -stimulant
-depressant effect on
heart

USES:
Anti pruritic
Menthan-3-ol from
Counter irritant
MENTHOL diversed mint oil or
Stimulant
prepared synthetically
Antiseptic
Depressant effect on hear

ACYCLIC MONOCYCLIC DICYCLIC SESQUITERPENE

- Geraniol - Menthol - Borneol - Zingiberol

- Linalool - Terpinol
- Citronelol
ALDEHYDE

Cassia oil
Cinnamaldehyde
Saigon cinnamon
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cassia cinnamon
USES: Cinnamyl aldehyde (chief
Ceylon cinnamon
Flavoring agent constituent)
CINNAMON OIL
Carminative
Steam distillation of
Pungent aromatic Manitol – sweetness of
leaves and twigs of
Anti septic cinnamon
Cinnamon loureirol
(lauraceae)

Obtained by expression
USES:
ORANGE OIL of fresh peel of ripe fruit
flavor
pf Citrus sinensis

Tanglad
USES:
CITRONELLA OIL Steam distillation of fresh Perfume Citronellal
dried leaves of repellant
Cymbopogon winteriarius

Distilled from hazel

extract
-steam distillation of dried
HAMAMELIS OIL
dormant twigs of
Hamamelis virginiana
(hamamelidaceae)

Obrained from Citrus Citral – combination of

USES:
limon (rutaceae) neral and geranial,
LEMON PEEL Flavorin
hesperidin, tannin,
stimulant
-contain vo calcium oxalate

KETONE

Cinnamomumc amphora
CAMPHOR
(lauraceae)

CARAWAY carvone
From dried ripe fruit of USES:
 Carum carvi (Apiaceae) flavor

Obtained from steam USES:

CARAWAY OIL distillation of dried ripe Flavor
fruit of Carum carvi carminative

USES:
BUCHU Dried leaf of Barostoma Diuretic for menstrual
betulina (rutaceae) problem OTC

Absinthe oil
USES:
Steam distillation of dried
WORMWOOD Counter irritant, Thujone
leaves and flowering tops
treatment of colds
of Artemisia absinthium
(asteraceae)

From steam distillation of USES:

fresh leaves of Thuja Counter irritant Thujone
CEDAR LEAF
occidentalis Component of vicks Fenchone
(cupressaceae) vaporub

USES:
Steam distillation of
Carminative
SPEARMINT Mentha spicata carvone
Use in chewing gum
(lamiaceae)
industry

MONOCYCLIC DICYCLIC

- Menthrone
- Carvone
- Camphor
- Pulegone
- Fenchone
- Piperitone
- Thujone
- Diosphenol (crystalline
ketonein buchu)

PHENOL

4-alllyl-2-methoxyphenol USES:
EUGENOL
Dental analgesic
From clove oil Incorporated in dental
 protectives

THYMOL Isopropyl m-cresol

Steam distillation from

USES:
THYME OIL flowering plant of Thymus
antiseptic
vulgaris (lamiceae)

Bay oil

USES:
MYRCIA OIL Steam distillation from Eugenol
perfume
dried leaves of Pimenta
racemosa (myrtaceae)

Beechwood creosote

Mixture ofphenol
USES:
obtained from wood tar Guaiacol
CREOSATE Disinfectant
produced by destructive Creosol
Expectorant
distillation of the wood of
Fagus grandiflora
(fagaceae)

Cade oil

Empyreumatic volatile oil USES:

JUNIPER TAR Cadinene
distilled from heartwood Local antieczematic
of Juniperus oxycedrus
(cupressaceae)

From destructive USES:

distillation from the wood Local antieczematic
PINE TAR creosol
of Pinus palustris Anti psoriasis
(pinaceae) Expectorant

USES:
Toothache remedy
Applied topically to dental
Steam distillation from the
cavity (analgesic)
CLOVE OIL flower buds of Eugenia eugenol
Carminative
caryophillus (myrtaceae)
Flavor
Antiseptic
Counter irritant
PHENOLIC ETHER

Aniseed

USES:
ANETHOLE From the dried ripe fruit of
flavor
Pimpinella anisum
(Apiaceae)

Star anise

Chinese Anise From dried ripe fruit of

Illicium verum
(magnoliaceae)

Steam distillation of dried USES:

Fenne ripe fruit of Foeniculum Flavor
vulgare (apiaceae) condiment

SAFROLE

Myristica, butter of nutmeg

USES:
Safrole
Nutmeg From dried ripe seed of Condiment
Myristicin
Myristica fragrans Control diarrhea
(myristicaceae)

Ague tree

USES: Safrole
Sassafras Dried bark of the roots of
flavor Tannic acid
Sassafras albidum
(lauraceae)

OXIDE

USES:
Cineole
Flavor
Eucalyptus
EUCALYPTUS From Eucalyptus globules Antiseptic
Cajuputol
(myrtaceae) Diaphoretic
Expectorant

CAJEPUT Cineole
 Melaleuca leucodendron USES: Terpinol acetate
(myrtaceae) Internally and externally as
stimulant treatment of
several parasitic conditions

From Paperbark Tree

USES:
Cineole
TEA TREE OIL Dried leaves and branches Antiseptic
Terpin4-ol
of Melaleuca alternifolia antifungal
(myrtaceae)

ESTER

Wintergreen
Teaberry
Checkerberry USES:
GAUL THERIA
Anti r:heumatic
From Gaultheria
procumbens (ericaceae)

Gaultheria oil
Wintergreen oil
Betula oil
Sweet birch oil
USES:
Pridices synthetically by Flavor for cascara sagrada
maceration and fluidextract
METHYL SALICYLATE
subsequent distillation Local irritant
with steam from leaves or Antiseptic
from bark of Betula lenta Anti rheumatic
(betulaceae)

Mixture of salicylic acid

and methanol

Steam distillation from

fresh flowering tops of USES:
LAVENDER OIL Linalyl acetate
Lavandula angustifolia Perfume
(lamiaceae)

Dwarf pine needle oil

USES:
PINE NEEDLE OIL Flavor Bornyl acetate
Steam ditillation of the
Perfume
fresh leaf of Pinus mugo
(pinaceae)
 Allylisothiocyanate

Obtained by maceration
with water of dried ripe
MUSTARD OIL USES:
seed with subsequent
rubefacient
steam distillation of
Brassica nigra
(brassicaceae)