Mariano Marcos State University

Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay

2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Plastic pollution is currently one of the biggest environmental concerns in the

Philippines. The amount of garbage increases as the population grows and disposable plastic
products like water bottles accumulate over time. Enough plastic gathered in an area affects the
natural environmental and harms plants, animals or humans. Plastic has toxic pollutants that can
cause land, air, and water pollution.

Improper disposal of plastics affects the environment. It can get stuck in trees, fences
other structures that prevents running water from flowing leading to severe food. Plastics when
burned in the open air, causes pollution releasing large amount of toxins that can cause
respiratory problems when inhaled. Plastic pollution can also afflict waterways and oceans.
According to Alixandra Vila, the Philippines is the world’s third largest ocean polluter. The litter
that is being delivered into the ocean is toxic to marine life. Plastic threatens the existence of the
life under water. Fishes and other marine animals mistake plastic particles to be food causing
death of many fishes.

As a part of the country, plastic pollution in the Province of Ilocos Norte is quite
alarming. The province growing population and strong economy is somehow contributing to the
increasing pollution on plastics. People can see that plastic wastes such as plastic bottles are
scattered on every corner and it is very evident that this is a very serious problem in the
community. The eliminations of these problems about plastic bottles may be difficult from our
daily routine, but there are many steps that can take to limit, it is potential health impacts and
reduce plastic consumption and waste. Changing this situation does not require any major
efforts, costs or even lifestyle changes. If everyone in the world simply made a few changes in
the way they consume plastic items, the problem would at least be limited and with changed
attitudes, those in power could slowly mend the damage that has been done.

One way to reduce the bad effects of plastic bottles is recycling there are many things that
can be done in recycling plastics like turning it into plastic chandelier, artworks, lamp, jewellery

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

stand, and etc. By this creative imagination of people’s mind, they can make trash plastic bottles
into useful ones.

Thus, the researchers want to find an alternative way to lessen the number of plastic
littered everywhere and to lessen some environmental problem brought by the plastic bottles like
the water contamination, air pollution and emission of greenhouse gases. And the researchers
want to determine the acceptability of plastic bottles as an Eco- Trash bin. This study will help
people to have knowledge on recycling plastic bottles into useful products like the Eco- trash bin
and it will help the community to save money from buying expensive trash bins and to reduce
the effect of plastic bottles when it is improperly used and disposed that are harmful to the health
and environment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main problem of this study is to determine an alternative way in recycling plastic
bottles to lessen the effects of plastic bottles on health and environment. And it wants to
determine the acceptability of plastic bottles as an Eco-trash bin (perception of the community on
recycling plastic bottles into trash bin). Specifically, it sought answer the following questions:

1. What are the benefits of the Eco- trash bin in the community?
2. What are the benefits of the Eco- trash bin in the environment?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to determine an alternative way in recycling plastic
bottles to lessen the effects of plastic bottles on health and environment, and to determine the
acceptability of plastic bottles as an Eco-trash bin. The specific objectives are as follows:

1. To determine the benefits of Eco-Trash bin in the community.

2. To determine the benefits of Eco-Trash bin in the environment.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is to find an alternative way of recycling plastic bottles into a
useful product like the Eco-Trash bin and to lessen the impacts of plastic bottles on health and
environment.

Results of the study could lead to the discovery of eco-friendly trash bin made up of
plastic bottles and the researchers believe that the result of the study would be a great help and
contribution to the environment and to the community.

The results of this study can reduce some environment problems caused by the plastic
bottles like the emission of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are emitted while burning
plastic bottles and improper disposal of plastic bottles, the emission of gases can be reduced by
recycling of these plastic bottles. This research study also saves animals, birds, and a wide range
of aquatic creatures from death due to ingestion of plastic. The chemicals in plastic can pollute
the soil and water. Lastly, the result of this research study will benefit individuals because
recycling can save money and makes money as well. Helping the environment and saving
money, are economic benefits of recycling plastic bottles. Recycling plastic bottles has a great
impact and benefits to the economy and the environment.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study is focused on the students and other people’s knowledge and perspective on
eco trash bin that can affect them. It will also further validate based on their responses on the
questions.

The research instruments will only be administered once and survey questionnaires will
be given to the respondents. This research will be conducted around school within a week and
the respondents will be 15 from the students and some residents within Mariano Marcos State
University.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Trash Bin

-a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or plastic.

Plastic Bottles

-the best way to contain and carry many kinds of liquid

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I. Plastic Bottles
A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically
used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk,
and ink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to large carboys. Some consumer blow molded
containers have integral handles. Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947 but remained
relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high-density polyethylene was introduced. They quickly
became popular with both manufacturers and customers due to their lightweight nature and relatively
low production and transportation costs compared with glass bottles. However, the biggest advantage
plastic bottles have over glass is their superior resistance to breakage, in both production and
transportation. Except for wine and beer, the food industry has almost completely replaced glass
bottles with plastic bottles.

II. Negative Effects of Plastic Bottles

Plastic bottles are everywhere you turn. Drinking water, soda, various food products and
even condiments come in plastic bottles. While plastic bottles provide manufacturers with a
cheap and convenient way to package their products, these bottles take, on average, 1,000
years to biodegrade–posing a threat to both consumers and the environment as a whole.

Reduced Landfill Space

Plastic bottles take up a large amount of space in landfills, contributing to the Earth’s
waste disposal problem. According to the Clean Air Council, residents of the United States
alone throw away 2.5 million plastic bottles every hour. That’s 60 million plastic bottles each
day. Landfills are intended to serve the immediate area’s disposal needs for an extended
period of time. The high number of plastic bottles going into the garbage, however,
significantly shortens a landfill’s lifespan. In 2009, North Carolina became the first state to
enact a ban on disposing of plastic bottles in landfills.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

Wasted Fossil Fuels

The world’s economy depends upon fossil fuels, chiefly oil, to function property. Fossil
fuels, however, are a limited natural resource. The process used to manufacture plastic bottles
expends 17 million barrels of oil annually. Not only is the oil expended non-renewable, but
manufacturing plants burn the oil during the production process–releasing a significant
amount of pollution into the atmosphere. If used as fuel for vehicles rather than
manufacturing fuel, 17 million barrels of oil would produce enough gasoline to power one
million cars for an entire year.

Hazardous Chemicals

Bisphenol-A, a chemical used in the production of hard plastic bottles, such as baby
bottles and sports bottles, can leach into the substances these bottles contain. The New York
Times reports that exposure to the chemical altered the mammary and prostate tissue of lab
rats and brought on early sexual development in female mice.

The average adult ingests approximately 1 microgram of bisphenol-A for every 2.2
pounds of body weight. Unfortunately, babies drinking from hard, plastic polycarbonate
bottles ingest roughly 10 times that amount. You can identify plastics within your home that
contain the chemical by looking for the “Recycle” symbol on the bottle. If the symbol
contains a “1” or a “7,” it's safe to assume the bottle contains bisphenol-A.

Air Pollution

Incineration is one method of disposing of plastic bottles that doesn’t reduce the available
space in landfills. Unfortunately, incinerating plastic bottles comes with hazards all its own.
The State of California Department of Conservation notes that burning plastic bottles releases
toxic fumes into the atmosphere. The chemicals released from burning bottles poses a health
risk to consumers and contributes to the breakdown of the Earth’s ozone layer.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

LOCAL LITERATURE

This study pertains to the various reading on literature and studies which is related to the recent
study.
Recycling is to reclaim waste materials such as used glass bottles, paper, plastic, and
used aluminium by using them in the manufacturing of new products. It has been an important
aspect of life for the past thirty years. Recycling has come into play greatly since we are coming
up on 2000years. It has been proven that recycling our waste products has improved our world to
be cleaner and more sanitary. Not only do we recycle used products to keep our environment
clean but is also a relatively cheap source of making new products. For example, glass from a
Snapple bottle can be broken down and be put back together to make a new glass to put Snapple
in. Throwaway materials have a growing mass in our country and are causing landfills to reach
their capacity. Because of this, recycling has caught on many parts of the country. One way that
people can help is by sorting their trash into separate categories like glass, paper, and plastics.
The recycling of glass can have a huge effect on improving our environment. People do not
realize the importance of recycling. The disposing of solid waste materials such as glass has
steadily increased. This solid waste is being dumped into landfill areas. The space taken up by
these overflowing landfills is now too valuable to be used as a dumping ground. Because
landfills are reaching their capacity, many towns, counties, and entire states are looking to
recycling as an alternative to landfill disposal. These days there are many opportunities for a
young people to help in recycling.
Hopefully this report has brought to your attention the importance of recycling
especially the recycling of glass. Doing a little bit each day can make a difference in the
environment around you. Garbage and waste will not disappear by itself according to the law of
conservation of matter but we can find ways to reuse that matter in efficient earth friendly ways.
It all starts with you.
(http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/environment/3368.htm)
Recycling is one of the best ways for you to have a positive impact on the world in which
we live. Recycling is important to both the natural environment and us. We must act fast as the

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

amount of waste we create is increasing all the time. The amount of rubbish we create is
constantly increasing because:

 Increasing wealth means that people are buying more products and ultimately creating
more waste.
 Increasing population means that there are more people on the planet to create waste.
 New packaging and technological products are being developed, much of these products
contain materials that are not biodegradable.
 New lifestyle changes, such as eating fast food, means that we create additional waste
that isn’t biodegradable.

Environmental Importance

- Recycling is very important as waste has a huge negative impact on the natural
environment.
- Harmful chemicals and greenhouse gasses are released from rubbish in landfill sites.
Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste.
- Habitat destruction and global warming are some the affects caused by deforestation.
Recycling reduces the need for raw materials so that the rain forests can be preserved.
- Huge amounts of energy are used when making products from raw materials. Recycling
requires much less energy and therefore helps to preserve natural resources.

Importance To People

Recycling is essential to cities around the world and to the people living in them.

- No space for waste. Our landfill sites are filling up fast, by 2010, almost all landfills in
the UK will be full.
- Reduce financial expenditure in the economy. Making products from raw materials costs
much more than if they were made from recycled products.
- Preserve natural resources for future generations. Recycling reduces the need for raw
materials; it also uses less energy, therefore preserving natural resources for the future

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

FOREIGN LITERATURE
The biggest growth in bottled beverages isn't beer or soft drinks or juices. It's tasteless,
colorless and sugarless water. And while that can mean fewer cavities and slimmer waistlines, it
irritates Patricia Franklin to no end. The director of a non-profit group that promotes recycling,
she spends her workday thinking about the bottles, cans and other container waste that most
Americans take for granted. The boom in plastic water bottles has her especially frazzled
because while the recycling rate is extremely low, the demand from recyclers is actually quite
high.
Franklin, who runs the Container Recycling Institute, doesn't blame individuals as much
as what she feels is a recycling system that hasn't kept up with consumption patterns —
especially when it comes to water. Bottled water is the single largest growth area among all
beverages that includes alcohol, juices and soft drinks. Per capita consumption has more than
doubled over the last decade, from 10.5 gallons in 1993 to 22.6 in 2003, according to the
Beverage Marketing Corporation. The growth has been even more impressive in terms of water
bottles sold: from 3.3 billion in 1997 to 15 billion in 2002. But most bottled water is consumed
away from home, usually at a park, in an office or even while driving — areas where there's
usually no recycling.
"The opportunities for recycling outside the home are minimal," Franklin says, "and therein lies
the problem."
Only about 12 percent of "custom" plastic bottles, a category dominated by water, were
recycled in 2003, according to industry consultant R.W. Beck, Inc. That's 40 million bottles a
day that went into the trash or became litter. In contrast, the recycling rate for plastic soft drink
bottles is around 30 percent. The low water bottle recycling rate also impacts the overall
recycling rate of all recyclable plastic containers. That's fallen from 53 percent in 1994 to 19
percent in 2003.
Plastics should be recycled so that less petroleum — a finite commodity — is consumed,
Franklin says. "The environmental impacts are in the drilling of the oil," she adds, noting that
burning fossil fuel also releases gases that many scientists tie to global warming. A second
reason for recycling, Franklin says, is the litter factor. While plastic water bottles are not a

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

significant percentage of overall waste, the empties are certainly all around us visually. Thirdly,
she says, is the fact that the domestic plastics recycling industry faces a shortage because so
much is being exported to China for recycling there. That shortage has also led to fears that some
companies will go bankrupt.
"There is a means to reclaim these bottles and use them to make new bottles and other products
at home," Franklin says, "but they (recyclers) simply can't get enough of the containers to do it."
The Container Recycling Institute thinks a nationwide bottle deposit law would create the
incentive to recycle, especially when it comes to plastic bottles, and ease the burden on
taxpayers, who pay for cleaning up litter. "A national bottle bill, or producer responsibility bill,
could turn it around and shift the costs from government and taxpayers to producers and
consumers," Franklin says. States with deposit laws already recycle four out of five bottles,
Franklin notes, thanks in part to an army of recyclers — from Boy Scout Troops to office
cleaning crews — that turns one person's trash into their income. Eleven states have bottle bills
but they are a patchwork with no two alike, she adds, and only three states, California, Hawaii
and Maine, include plastic water bottles in their laws.
A national law, she says, should cover new containers that didn't exist 20 years ago,
e.g. Plastic water bottles, and enforces a dime-per-bottle deposit "as it is in Michigan, where
deposit containers are recovered at a rate of 95 percent." But while deposit legislation has had
varying degrees of bipartisan support in Congress over the years, it has never become law.
Franklin blames opposition from the beverage industry, saying its campaign contributions
have given it "incredible political clout in Congress and actually in every state legislature in the
country. Beverage industry opposition certainly exists, but the beverage industry says it just
doesn't make sense to force a deposit law on consumers. "This cost burden placed on businesses
is also passed along to consumers — levying a 'hidden tax' on both," the American Beverage
Association said in an issue statement on the topic. Curb side recycling at homes and businesses,
as well as educating consumers, are the best methods for dealing with container waste, the group
adds.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter aims to explain and present the research to fulfil the goals of the study. And
to present the research design, data gathering procedures and process in making the eco- trash
bin.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is all about the determining an alternative way to lessen the impact of plastic
bottles on the environment and health. This research will conduct an interview in the form of
evaluation to gather information from the evaluators that will be helpful in this research. The
evaluation questions are formulated based on the objectives of the study and to the acceptability
of plastic bottles as an eco-trash bin.

The study will be done at Mariano Marcos State University, Batac City, Ilocos Norte in
the First Semester of the Academic Year 2018-2019, started last November 14, 2018 and ended
last December 7, 2018.

This research used the purposive sampling technique in choosing the evaluators. The
researchers personally approached the potential evaluators of this study.

To maintain the quality and effectiveness of this research study, the researcher chose to
have fifteen (15) evaluators of this study.

LOCALE

This research will be conducted around Mariano Marcos State University.

RESPONDENTS

The respondents of this research will be students and some residents within Mariano
Marcos State University.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers will prepare survey questionnaire to get accurate and reliable answers on
minimizing the effects of plastic bottles.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

A paper-pencil and evaluation form will be the devices to be given to the 15 respondents
who will be truthful in responding to the questionnaires regarding the minimizing the effects of
plastic bottles due to the fact that their answers will be anonymous. Their answers will be based
by the majority of commonness upon choosing from the list of possible answers. By this, the data
will be evaluated through the use of table presentation of data.

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter contains the interpretation and analysis of data gathered of the
research.

A. LEGEND

The Likert scale were used as a legend to determine the scale and descriptive rating of the
recycled plastic trash bin.

SCALE DESCRIPTIVE RATING

5 Strongly Agree
4 Moderately Agree
3 Agree
2 Moderately Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

B. RESULTS

STATEMENTS 5 4 3 2 1
1 15
2 14 1
3 7 5 3
4 11 4

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

5 10 1 4
6 10 2 3
7 11 4
8 15
9 10 5
10 15
Table I shows the ratings
of the questionnaire given to the fifteen (15) respondents who evaluated the recycled plastic trash
bin. Based from the table above, 100% of the respondents strongly agrees to the first statement
that the trash bin made from recycled plastic bottles are eco-friendly. Second, 93.33% of the
respondents strongly agrees that the recycled trash bin is an artwork using reusable plastic bottles
while the remaining 6.67% moderately agrees. Next, the third statement wherein 46.67% of the
respondents strongly agrees, while 33.33% of them moderately agrees and 20% of them agrees
that the recycled plastic trash bin is better not to be painted. Then, 73.33% of the respondents
strongly agrees that the size of the trash bin is pleasant in the eyes while the remaining 26.67%
moderately agrees. The fifth statement, 66.67% of the respondents strongly agrees that the size
of the trash bin is enough to accommodate wastes in a day. And 66.67% of the respondents
strongly agrees that the trash bin is steadfast and durable, while only 6.67% moderately agrees
and 26.67% agrees. Seventh, 73.33% of the respondents strongly agrees that the recycled trash
bin keeps the environment clean and more sanitary while the remaining 26.67% moderately
agrees. Then, 100% of the respondents strongly agrees that the recycled plastic bottles reduces
the effects of habitat destruction and overpopulation of garbage. Ninth, 66.67% of the
respondents strongly agrees that the trash bin can accommodate garbage such as papers, plastic
bottle and candy wrappers while the remaining 33.33% moderately agrees. And lastly, 100% of
the respondents or all of them strongly agrees that the trash bin is one way to reduce the effects
of plastic bottles.

Based from the data gathered, most of the respondents checked column 5 which means
that they strongly agrees most especially to the statements that trash bins made from recycled

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

plastic bottles are eco-friendly, and reduces the adverse effects of plastics itself and to our
environment especially in habitat destruction and overpopulation of wastes.

With the product made from plastic bottles, give some benefits in our environment and in our
daily life.

 It will keep our environment safe for the benefit if the future generation
 Reduces possibility of burning plastics which causes health problems to the community
and global warming

Comments and Suggestions:

 It is good also for laundry.

 The bottom should be more durable.
 Make it more pleasant in the eyes or give some artistic effects and designs to the product.
 It is more convenient to make or sell this product to every household. (REPLICATION
KANU TI EVERY HOUSEHOLD)
 The trash bin should be bigger to accommodate public trash the whole day.
 I suggest that it should be made up from different colors of plastic bottles so that it will
be more pleasant in the eyes.
 The handle of the trash must be painted. (MUST KUNANA PAY AH. GRABEH)

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 Mariano Marcos State University
Roosevelt Avenue, Brgy.12 San Blas, Paoay
2902 Ilocos Norte
S.Y. 2018-2019

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