Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is based on Grid Computing

Distributed Environment System is one of the resource of cloud computing

Cloud Computing definition according to NIST

It is a Model for enabling convenient on demand d network access to the shared pool of
configurable computing resources (Network, Servers, Storage, Applications & Services) that
can be rapidly provision & released with minimal management effort (or) service provider
interaction

Silent Features of Cloud:

1. On demand pay service

2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Measured service

Application service provider: ASP

They are built in client server architecture & use HTML code for easy remote access & it
works as SAAS (Software as a service)

1) Automatic Computing: It is set of self managing characteristics of distributed computing

resources that operate on the basis of set of predefined policies these systems are capable
of self healing self configuration, self optimization & self protection of their resources from
attacks

2) Cluster: It is a group f networked system the same set of resources (where all nodes are
actively working & some are in standby mode in case failure of active)

3) Distributed computing: Here different roles (or) tasks are distributed among separate
nodes in the network (peer to peer, Client server is the forms of distributed computing)

4) High performance computing: (HPC) This technique divides the task into pieces and uses
parallel processing algorithms to execute each piece on different processors on the same
node (or) multiple nodes on the network

There are two types of Architecture

1) Intelligent Client (Independent) it has its own memory & processor

2) Dam Client (Dependent) it depends on others

5) Utility computing: It is nothing but time share the data based on time (pay per use)
Types of Computing:

1) Peer to Peer
P1 P2

P3

2) Client Server (C/S)

File Server Data base
Server

\a
Tape Server Application Web Server Print Server
Server

3) Grid Computing

Grid Controller
Client 1 Service

Client 2

Cluster of Grid
Nodes
Cloud Computing Evaluation and Migration of IT Towards posted Cloud

Cloud Computing
PAAS
IAAS
SEAS
ABPS
Mobile Computing
Web
C/S
PCS
Mini Computer
Main Frame

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Components of Cloud Computing:

There are three components

1. Client
 Mobile Client
 Thick Client
 Thin Client
2. Cloud Network
3. API’S (Cloud Application program interfaces)

Various Aspects of Cloud Computing:

Types
Features
Modes

Benefits

Stake Holder

Compares to
In above every box has its own specification

Cloud Types (or) Cloud Modes:

1) Public Cloud:

Cloud Services Company x

(IAAS, SAAS, Company y

Public
PAAS)
Cloud
Company z

The Clouds accessed (or) used by general masses & hosted are maintained & managed by
cloud service providers (Amazon, Google & Microsoft) the charge the service according to
the usage.

2) Private Cloud:

It is designed only for single organization & cannot be accessed (or) shared with other
organization

Cloud Services

(IAAS, SAAS,
Private
Cloud PAAS)

A private cloud can be either on promise (or) hosted externally i.e. the service is exclusively
used & hosted by single organization
Private clouds are costly than public cloud security has to be provided more in private cloud

3) Community clouds:

It is a type of cloud that is shared among various organizations with a common type
managed by third party agency where services can made available on (or) off promises
 Community Community
cloud for level Cloud for level
A B

Cloud Services
Cloud services
IAAS/PAAS/SAAS
IAAS/PAAS/SAAS

Organization Sharing Common Resources

Due to the sharing of cloud resources on community cloud the data of all citizens of the
state is managed by government organizations

4) Hybrid Cloud:

It is an Environment in which various external services (or) Internal service provide services
to many organizations
Hybrid clouds are both public cloud & Private Cloud
The Organization which is using both public & Private together the situation is called cloud
busting
Public
Cloud
Organization Y
Migrated Application

Private
Organization Y
Cloud

Cloud Services

IAAS/ PAAS/ SAAS

Impact of cloud on business:
It provides the business for IT hardware business, application developers & data
Centered product provide (Since these services are available on cloud the customers stop
buying hardware, software applications in preference to cloud services
The third party agencies (or) service providers are given chance to maintain the cloud
services
The public loud services are offered by Amazon web services (ASW), Google, Sales,
Force.com on the internet

Cloud computing service delivery models:

1. IAAS (Infrastructure as a service)

In this model we can either use servers or storage in the cloud & do not have to purchase &
maintain your own hardware (Application has to be installed to run the hardware)

2. PAAS (Platform as a service)

In this model you can use cloud as a platform to develop & sell software application

3. SAAS (Software as a service)

In this model you can use various software applications like CRM (Customer Relationship
Management) & ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) & Collaboration tools on the web.

(No Need to buy & maintain IT hardware & Applications)

4. BPAAS (Business process as a service)

In this model you can use a combined model that includes HCM (Human Capital
Management), SCM (Supply Chain Management) &VM (Vendor Management)

Virtualization:

Virtual Machine: it contains its own values (or) software based hardware including virtual
CPU, memory, Hard Disk & network interface card

Virtualization

Application Application Application

Virtual Virtual Virtual

Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3

VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor

Virtual Technology:
It is computing technology implementation from physical infrastructure & hardware
 resource with the help of technology called ‘VMM’ separates the functions of the
resources

Benefits of Virtualization:
1. Maximizing the resources
2. Reducing Hardware cost
3. Minimizing the maintenance requirement
4. Enjoying the benefits of OS services
5. Using multiple systems
6. Testing B – software & maintaining legacy Application
7. Increasing system security

Implementation level of virtualization:

Application level
IVM/.NET CLR/panot
library (user – level API’s) level
WINE/WABI/LXRUN/VISUAL MAIN WIN/V(UDA)
Operating System level
Jail/virtual Environment/ ensin’s UPS/FVM
Hal (hardware abstraction layer)
VM Ware/ Virtual PC/ Denal/Xen/l43/dlex84/uxmode lenx
ISA (infrastructure set architecture)
Bocks/chusor/QEMU/BIRD/Dynamic

Application Application

OS OS

Virtual Virtual
Machine Machine

VMM

PC Hardware Stand alone virtual machine

Virtualization at HAL

Comparison between implementation levels of virtualization:

Implementation Performance Application Implementation Application

level flexibility complexity isolation
ISA Very poor Excellent Medium Medium
HAL Excellent Medium High Very good
OS Excellent Low Medium Very good
API’S Medium Low Low Very poor
Application Poor Low High Excellent
Virtualization Design Requirements:
virtualization design requirements are viewed as equivalence requirements
1. Equivalence requirements: A machine that is developed virtualization must have logical
equivalence with machine (emulators on real machine)
2. Efficiency Requirements: Virtual machine must be as efficient in its performance as a real
system
3. Resource control Requirements: A commuter system as a combination of many
resources & all these resources have to be managed & controlled effectively by VMM

Virtualization providers:
1. Microsoft: It is domain of software & IT services. It includes virtual pc, virtual server 2005,
HYPER – V
virtual PC: They are only for window users & work on 64 bit software
Virtual server 2005: It can run only on web based 8 consoles with the help of IIS (internet
Information Service)
Hyper – V: It is a virtualization platform for virtual PC’s & virtual server.
Implementation complexity
2. VM Ware products:
i) vm ware work stations : it has features such as robustness, all platform support, support
for guest machines, all are under VM ware work stations
ii) USB devices usage increases the VM ware west station accessibility
VM Ware server: it provides at most all the facilities that are available within Vm Ware work
station i.e., USB support & 64-bit guest machine
3.ORACLE:
Oracle VM Virtual Box: It provides virtualization service to os i.e. supports windows, Linux.,
etc.,

Virtualization structure:
There are two types of structure
1) VMM 2) Hypervisor 3) Hosted Virtual Machine 4) Bare Metal Structure
1) VMM (or) Hypervisor:

Hosted virtualization

Application Application Application

VM - 1 VM -2 VM -3

VMM

Host OS

Shared H/W
The hosted virtualization structure has limited access to input output devices
The input output connections to a system are owned by hosted system only
Vm Ware work stations uses low level virtual machine monitors (VMM) than driver after
that vmm application & last user application component to direct the input request from
the guest machines.

Drawbacks & benefits:

Benefits:
The guest systems are installed easily, configured & run with the help of windows installer
You can run several guest systems and various platform without any extra physical resource
requirement
Drawbacks:
The performance is degraded because the input output request must be passed through
host OS
2) Bare metal Structure

Bare metal virtualization

Application Application Application

VM - 1 VM -2 VM -3

VMM

Shared H/W

Bare metal structure virtualization technique has direct access to input output systems from
the guest machines
No hosted operating system is in interaction with VMM & Hardware
The shared user of input outp0ut devices requires the hypervisor to have low level drive to
communicate with the device
Benefits:
Input output performance improves by input output device partially between separate
virtual machine
Disadvantage:
The VMM’s of bare metal type may use for biding interrupt latency imbalancing
deterministic performance (no host os available)

Virtualization Mechanism:
Binary translation mechanism:
Virtual machines issue privilege instructions contained within their compiled code for VMM
to handle
The binary translation method is used by VMM that directs the input output request to the
appropriate system preventing any conflicts between the system.
switching the control between the virtual machine & VMM’s results in degradation of
performance (to reduce this group of instructions are executed simultaneously)
2) Hardware Assets:
The technique avoid the change in the system state & calls VMM directly as & when
required
The hard ware assets technologies provide most popular processor development by the
companies like intel, AMD etc.,
3) Para Virtualization:
In this technique OS is aware of virtualization
In this OS Calls VMM Automatically by calling Hypervisors at OS known as Hyper – Calls

Open source Virtualization Technology:

1) KVM
2) XEN

KVM:
It provides virtualization at OS level that are based on X86 hardware coupled with
virtualization extension
KVM has 2 modules
i) Loadable Kernel Module (KVM ko)
ii) specific to processor module (KVM – Intel)
The KVM infrastructure virtualization requires QEMU is taken up by quick emulator
KVM is used to multiple VM’s that run Linux (or) windows OS
Major components of KVM include
i) QEMU Monitor protocol (QMP)
ii) KSM (Kernel same page merging)
iii) KVM Para virtual clock
iv) migration
v) VM channel
vi) SCSI Disk emulation (small computer space integration)
vii) CPU Clustering

Features of Xen Hypervisor:

i) Robustness & security
ii) Scope for other operating system
iii) Isolation of drivers from rest of the system
iv) support for para – virtualization
 Xen Architecture:

XEN Hypervisor

IO & platform devices Hardware Memory for AMO - V

CPU (x86-641 EM 64) Internet

Physical Machine

Binary Translation with full virtualization:

Ring 3
User Apps Direct Execution of user
request

Ring 2
VM Ware
Guest OS
Ring 1

VMM
Ring 0
Binary translation of OS
request
Host computer
system H/W
Full virtualization is proved by the combination of guest OS from the H/W on which base os
is installed
every virtual machine is provided by VMM to activate the physical services
The virtualization products of VM ware & Virtual server of Microsoft as full virtualization
solutions

Para virtualization with compiler support:

User Apps Direct Execution of user

Ring 3 request

Ring 2

Ring 1

Hyper calls to
Para virtualization guest virtualization
Ring 0 OS

Virtualization layer

Host computer system Layer replaces non-

H/W virtualization OS instruction

Para virtualization technique hypervisor

communicate with guest OS for improving the performance & Efficiency of virtual systems
non-virtualizable instructions are replaced by modification through para virtualization by
technique hyper calls.
Full virtualization & para virtualization are two different techniques. In full virtualization the
OS has no awareness of virtualization. Whereas in para virtualization OS is aware of
virtualization
 CPU virtualization with Hardware Assets:
Ring 3
User Apps
62 Direct reaction of user
Non Root request
Ring 2
mode
Privilege
level
Ring 1

Ring 0 Guest OS

OS Request trap to VMM

Root node VMM without Binary Translation
Privilege level (or) para virtualization

Host Computer System H/W

Cloud computing services:

i) IAAS (infrastructure as a service):
IAAS provider offers template OS Images for virtual servers
The customer is provided with computer power memory bandwidth storage
security devices & load balancer etc., is done by IAAS
It is pay-per-use resource agreed upon SLA (service level agreement)
IAAS is pioneer for storage provider called storage networks
The virtualization technique is Xen from citrics, hyper-V from Microsoft, V – sphere from VM
ware & open source software with high speed broad band etc
IAAS service must include:
1) Utility style computing service with pay-per-use building
2) superior world class IT infrastructure & support
3) Dynamic scalability of memory 1 band width, storage & servers
4) Flexibility for the users to add (or) reduce allocated the resources
Automation of administrative task
Ability to view & manage resource utilization

PAAS (platform as a service):

It is where the customer gets set of application & product development tool hosted on
provided infrastructures
PAAS democratizes the development of web based applications
PAAS platform create applications on cloud using API’S, Web site portal’s (or) gate way
software installed on cloud servers
FORCE.com (sales force.com), Microsoft azure & Google ap engine are few leading PAAS
providers
Comparison between traditional development & PAAS :
Feature In-house application
development
multi tendensing Intended for single (or) small
group of users
user end point Application based tools
browsers
deployment Deployment & scalability are
left installization and go live
phases
Pass categories & Examples
Category Description
i) pass Paas offering a software
developers to use current
tools & upload it on the
cloud
ii) They provide cloud based
development includes design
coding, debugging, testing,
staging & deployment
iii) They target business experts
net coders & developers.
They provide templates for
each customization &
application building
iv) They enable the developers
to use tools for building the
applications either locally
(or) on the cloud
Features of PAAS:
1) unambiguous access & quick development
2) caching
Application development
Supper hundreds (or)
thousands of users each with
multiple action projector
(protocol of data 15 must to
protect the data)
Web browser based tools
Scalability, fail over & load
balancing are basic building
block
Examples
Force.com, Google, lay
group, magic software,
Microsoft nst swite, tibco &
wave maker
Force.com intoit, track vie &
woolf framework
Saspio, cordisk, mendisk,
work xp – ress, zoho
Amazon, cloudbees,
gigaspaces, Microsoft,
redhat, stading cloud &
cloud foundery
3) integrated development environment (IDE)
4) database
5) integration
6) logging
7) identity management
8) messaging
9) job processing
10) session management
11) service discovery

Guidelines for selecting PAAS providers:

1) compatibility with other cloud
2) target customers
3) avoid vender lock – in
4) platform management
5) test of time
Disadvantage of PAAS:
1. Lock of visibility
2. Portability (or) inter – operability with applications on another cloud
3. Security
4. Security for development code

Languages in PAAS:
1. Programming languages specific paas, java, ruby on rails, python (or), .NET
2. Language agnostic providers (multiple language databases & frameworks)
3. Python, .NET, JAVA, ruby & database like my SQL, ms SQL, post guess & mongo –DB
Hybrid PAAS:
oracle DB [different kinds of databases brought under one environment]

SAAS (software as a service):

It provides capability to use applications running under cloud infrastructure
The applications are accessible with client web browser
Difference between ASP & SAAS:

Feature ASP application service SAAS

provide
Ownership Single tenant client server
architecture hosted by third
party with HTML front end to
use
Infrastructure Non-virtualized environment
with server storage &
dedication application
It is multi tenant & hosted by
application developer with
regular updates from the
developers
Shared, virtualized servers
network & storage systems
which form a resource pool
Web based Not originally to the web Built on web based & used
based hence performance over public internet
degradation

SAAS providers:
1. Microsoft live CRM
2. Google Apps
3. Semen tree
4. Zoho etc.,
5. Trend micro

DAAS (Data base as a service):

It provides servers DB’s were language organizations share using different application
work for cluster and centralized environment
eg. Postures SQL, my SQL, oracle & Microsoft SQL

Features for selecting (DBAAS):

1. Research (SLA service level agreement) for service, commitment and support
2. Estimate your needs (load)
3. Vendor & community support
4. API Support for DB
5. Price
6. Compatibility with on presence DB

Cloud computing and business value:

Benefits of cloud adoption cloud uses and providers

Cloud users Cloud providers

Anywhere, anytime access to cloud base
application & Data
No upfront control expenses for data
centers, Servers, storage, Security appliances
etc,
Ongoing site power &* other data centered
related expenses
Flexibility & on-demand provisioning of
computing & storage resources
Pay-per-use model where payment is made
only for the time only for the use
Easier for service provider to reach the new
clients
Low cost of delivering and supporting the
applications
Opportunity at low cost servers, storage etc.,
Ability to provide multi services from single
IT infrastructure
Increase resource utilization due to
multitenant model

Key Benefits for CRM, DR, ERP Motivated by cloud with the Following Benefits:
1. Scalability (grow & diminish access to cloud resource users)
2. Ease of use (ease use of cloud resource)
3. Risk deduction
4. Reduced capital expenses
5. Pay for what you uses
6. Lower operating expenses
7. Flexibility to higher talent
8. Collaboration
9. Assure with service level agreement

Cloud computing & outsources:

utility modeling
commitment
SLA based relationship
customized service development
loss of control
faster development cycle
cost
scalability
location of date

Types of scalability:
1. Virtual scalability (or) scaling up:
In this you add CPU, memory & storage space to a server to improve performance & capability
2. Horizontal capability (or) scaling out:
Instead of adding resources within a server or a device, you add more servers (or) nodes, to improve
performance & capacity
Diagonal scalability:
It uses flexibility and both vertical & horizontal

Use of load balances to enhance – scalability:

load balances can be used to efficiently manage & spread incoming user traffic among multiple
servers on the round robin basis

Load balancing services:

1. DNS (Domain Name System)
Bifurcate data (Easy retrieval)
2.HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Load balances help by inhabiting an intelligent management interface to application servers
Market Benefits of cloud computing:
You can add & remove resource
You per use
Migration virtualization
Cloud Levels:
1. Basis level
2. Intermediate level
3. Advanced level

Types of cloud:
1. Private cloud:
It is usually located on promises, is dedicated to & used consoly for single organization
It is managed by organization itself (or) third party
uses of private cloud are internal business unit (or) divisions
Benefits of Private Cloud:
1. More control to the organization
2. Enables virtualization advantages (availability, dynamic resource scheduling & higher
resource utilization)
3. Convenient pay-per-use building for internal business units

Components of private cloud:

Building blocks of private cloud are support for heterogeneous systems (support wide range
of products, open systems computer hardware, software, virtualization solutions, data
centre etc)

Virtualization:
Hypervisor is used to the group of resources (CPU, storage, networks codes & memory into
common post)
service catalog:
It is menu of applications (or) resources that the customer can choose from
self service portal:
a) create & manage your own virtual data center
b) manage their own virtual servers & storage systems
c) modify OS images, templates & services
d) operate a single pane view with respect to all resources

Resource & work load manager:

f) The cloud must resource manager to manage vary workloads, failures from the servers &
healthy Hardware resources & N/W link resources

Metering software & pay-per-use building:

The cloud must have software that keeps track of licensees, application bandwidth &
hardware resource
Phases of private cloud:

Document explanations requirements of private cloud

Virtualization of physical IT infrastructure into a logical resource pool

Self service portal implementation

Automated for resource utilization

Accounting for resource utilization

Online billing

Disadvantage of private cloud:

Risk assessment
Data classification (public confidential private)
Data Auditing & monitoring
Reaction plan for private cloud breaches
Note: Private cloud provider’s eucalyptus, VM Ware IBM, MBC

2. Community cloud:
It is an infrastructure used by specific community of users (or) organization

Features of community cloud:

1. Like private cloud it is managed by the users (or) third party
2. It is located within the premises or (space provided site
3.more expensive than public cloud (only few organization share)
4. Higher level security & privacy to the user growth
5. They are designed services as set of constraints

3. Public cloud:
It is an infrastructure owned & managed by an organization made available for the public

Features:
1. Pay-per-use resource utilization
2. Resources are at service provider data center accessed by the users over the internet
2. It is maintained by third party agency & no capital expenses for IT Hardware such as
services, storage, network (or) security devices
4. Dynamic resource allocation for load spikes
5. Self service features & on demand application
6. Pay-per-use is adopted

Vendor of public cloud:

Amazon web services, force.com, Azure, ZOHO, salesforce.com etc
to be successful the public cloud should perform
1. Multitenant architecture
2. High performance consistency
3. Highly scalable
4. High configurable & available
provide transparent & detailed data on transaction performance
provide simple portal’s to the users & customer support facility
provide customer data security & encrypted backups
provide facilities with reliable power sources & network infrastructures

Cloud API’S
1. Cloud provider API’S:
HTTP & HTTPS are supported by cloud provider API’S
2.Cross platform cloud API’S:
Zend technologies & CCIF (cloud computing interpreter)
They provide high level of abstraction than cloud providing API’S
3. Infrastructure cloud API’S:
They provide virtual images & virtual resources which are hardware specific
4. Platform cloud API’S:
They provide capabilities of web portals, storages, databases & messaging
5. Application cloud API’S:
They provide interface to connect cloud application

There are four levels of API’S are used by developer

level1: wire level API:
These allow developer to write directly to the wire format of the service request
Most services soap based (service oriented architecture protocol (soap))
level2: Language specific API’S:
These are calculating signature & managing the response course
level 3: service specific API’S:
They provide high level interaction to focus on business objects & process
level 4: service neutral API’S:
They are highest level of API’S which use common interface with several cloud providers

4. Hybrid cloud:
it comprises of two (or) more clouds that may be public, private (or) community
Features of Hybrid cloud:
It is similar to private cloud as well as public cloud they require the compatibility of API’S
Private VS Hybrid clouds:

Feature Private cloud Hybrid cloud

1. Ownership
2.Constraints during peak
load
3. service deployment
4. capital expense
It is entirely procure & set by
organization of its own
It performance constraint
It is less flexible
It is expensive
It uses resources of public
cloud providers on pay-per-
use model
It is more scalable & elastic
as it can uses public
resources to meet load
spikes
It is more flexible & can
develop & test services on
public cloud
It is less expensive