Vpem PDF

Textbook and
Educational Aids
CENTUM VP Engineering and
Maintenance Training Manual
TE Y109JN01E-VPEM
TE Y109JN01E-VPEM
1st Edition
i
Introduction
The objective of the Training manual is to acquaint the user with the system layout, operations screens
and the terminologies used in the CENTUM VP System.
This training module is designed to add more value to the traditional training. The participant can
acquire knowledge on engineering features and maintenance aspects of CENTUM VP System.
The Training manual consists of multiple chapters
Each chapter consists of multiple topics.
Media No. TEY109JN01E-VPEM Edition: JUNE 2009 TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2000, Yokogawa India Ltd.
ii
TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

iii

iv
Safety Precautions
Safety, Protection, and Modification of the Product
- In order to protect the system controlled by the product and the product itself and
ensure safe operation, observe the safety precautions described in this instruction
manual. We assume no liability for safety if users fail to observe these instructions
when operating the product.
- If any protection or safety circuit is required for the system controlled by the product
or for the product itself, prepare it separately.
- Be sure to use the spare parts approved by Yokogawa Electric Corporation
(hereafter simply referred to as YOKOGAWA) when replacing parts or consumables.
- Modification of the product is strictly prohibited.
- The following symbols are used in the product and instruction manual to indicate that
there are precautions for safety:
Indicates that caution is required for operation. This symbol is placed on the product
to refer the user to the instruction manual in order to protect the operator and the
equipment. In the instruction manuals you will find precautions to avoid physical
injury or death of the operator, including electrical shocks.
Identifies a protective grounding terminal. Before using the product, ground the
terminal.
Identifies a functional grounding terminal. Before using the product, ground the
terminal.
Indicates an AC supply.
Indicates a DC supply.
Indicates that the main switch is ON.
Indicates that the main switch is OFF.

v
Notes on Handling Manuals

- Please read the information thoroughly before using the product.
- The purpose of these manuals is not to warrant that the product is well suited to any
particular purpose but rather to describe the functional details of the product.
- No part of the manuals may be transferred or reproduced without prior written
consent from YOKOGAWA.
- YOKOGAWA reserves the right to make improvements in the manuals and product at
any time, without notice or obligation.
- If you have any questions, or you find mistakes or omissions in the manuals, please
contact our sales representative or your local distributor.
Warning and Disclaimer

The product is provided on an "as is" basis. YOKOGAWA shall have neither liability nor
responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any direct or indirect loss or
damage arising from using the product or any defect of the product that YOKOGAWA
cannot predict in advance.
Notes on Software
- YOKOGAWA makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to
the software's merchantability or suitability for any particular purpose, except as
specified in the terms of warranty.
- This product may be used on a one machine only. If you need to use the product
on another machine, you must purchase another product.
- It is strictly prohibited to reproduce the product except for the purpose of
backup.
- Store the CD-ROM (the original medium) in a safe place.
- It is strictly prohibited to perform any reverse-engineering operation, such as
reverse compilation or reverse assembling on the product.
- No part of the product may be transferred, converted or sublet for use by any
third party, without prior written consent from YOKOGAWA.

vi
Documentation Conventions
Typographical Conventions
The following typographical conventions are used throughout the manuals:
Commonly used conventions throughout manuals:

Character string enclosed by a set of single angle-brackets:
Indicates a portion provided with a link. Clicking the string in angle-brackets calls up
related topics.
Example:
<Toc> <Ind>
Character string to be entered:

The characters that must be entered are shown in monospace font as follows:
Example:
FI.PV=50.0
“ ” Mark
This symbol indicates the description for an item for which you should make a setting
in the product’s engineering window.
While operating an engineering window, the help information for the selected item
can be accessed from “Builder Definition Items” in the Help menu.
Listing more than one definition item after this symbol implies that the paragraph on
the page describes more than one definition item.
Example:
Tag name, Tag importance, Window name
“ ” Mark
Indicates a space between character strings that must be entered.
Example:
.AL PIC010 -SC
Character string enclosed by brackets ({ }):

Indicates an option that can be omitted.
Example:
.PR TAG{ .sheet name}

vii
z Conventions used to show key or button operations:

Characters enclosed by brackets ([ ]):
Characters enclosed by brackets within any description on a key or button operation,
indicate either a key on the HIS (Human Interface Station) keyboard, a key on the
operation keyboard, a button name on a window, or an item displayed on a window.
Example:
To alter the function, press the [ESC] key.
Conventions used in command syntax or program statements:

The following conventions are used within a command syntax or program statement
format:
Characters enclosed by angle-brackets:

Indicate character strings that user can specify freely according to certain
guidelines.
Example:
#define <Identifier><Character string>
“...” Mark
Indicates that the previous command or argument may be repeated.
Example:
Imax (arg1, arg2, ...)
Characters enclosed by brackets ([ ]):

Indicate those character strings that can be omitted.
Example:
sysalarm format_string [output_value ...]
Characters enclosed by separators ( ):

Indicate those character strings that can be selected from more than one option.
Example:
opeguide <format_character_string> [, <output_value> ...]
OG,<element number>

viii
Symbol Marks
Throughout this manual, you will find several different types of symbols are used to
identify different sections of text. This section describes these icons.
CAUTION
Identifies instructions that must be observed in order to avoid physical injury and
electric shock or death of the operator.
WARNING
Identifies instructions that must be observed in order to prevent the software or
hardware from being damaged or the system from becoming faulty.
CAUTION
Identifies additional information required to understand operations or functions.
TIP
Identifies additional information.
SEE ALSO
Identifies a source to be referred to.
Clicking a reference displayed in green can call up its source, while clicking a
reference displayed in black cannot.
Drawing Conventions
Some drawings may be partially emphasized, simplified, or omitted, for the
convenience of description.
Some screen images depicted in the manual may have different display positions or
character types (e.g., the upper / lower case). Also note that some of the images
contained in this manual are display examples.

ix
Copyright and Trademark Notices

All Rights Reserved
The copyrights of the programs and online manual contained in the CD-ROM are
reserved.
The online manual is protected by the PDF security from modification, however, it can
be output via a printer. Printing out the online manual is only allowed for the purpose
of using the product. When using the printed information of the online manual, check
if the version is the most recent one by referring to the CD-ROM's version.
No part of the online manual may be transferred, sold, distributed (including delivery
via a commercial PC network or the like), or registered or recorded on videotapes.
Trademark Acknowledgments
- CENTUM is a registered trademark of YOKOGAWA.
- Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Excel, Visual Basic, and Internet Explorer are
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
- Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated and
registered within particular jurisdictions.
- Ethernet is a registered trademark of XEROX Corporation.
- Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- Netscape Communicator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications
Corporation.
- NetDDE is a registered trademark of Wonderware Corporation.
- MELSEC-A is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.
- Modicon and Modbus are registered trademarks of AEG Schneider Automation.
- Memocon-SC is a registered trademark of Yaskawa Electric Corporation.
- PLC is a registered trademark of Allen-Bradley Company Inc.
- SYSMAC is a registered trademark of OMRON Corporation.
- SIEMENS and SIMATIC are registered trademarks of Siemens Industrial
Automation Ltd.
- "FOUNDATION" in "FOUNDATION Fieldbus" is a trademark of Fieldbus
Foundation.
- All other company and product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks
or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
- We do not use TM or (R) mark to indicate those trademarks or registered
trademarks in this manual.

1

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition
Table of Contents
Chapter Topic Page Number
01. Introduction to Distributed Control System 02
02. System Configuration 12
03. RIO Type Field Control Station 19
04. FIO Type Field Control Station 39
05. FIO Type Field Control Station (FFCS-L) 59
06. Project Creation 77
07. Creation of Control Loops - I 106
08. Instrument Faceplate 117
09. System Defined Windows 128
10. User Defined Views 158
11. Creation of Control Loops - II 198
12. Software Inputs / Outputs 247
13. Interlocks 263
14. Report Package 285
15. Download 301
16. Project Backup and Restoration 311
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1. INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTED
CONTROL SYSTEM
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Table of contents Page Number
1.1 Basic Control Loop 4
1.2 Process Control Methodology 4
1.3 Process Control Systems 5
1.3.1 Analog Control System 5

1.3.2 Digital Control System 5
1.4 Digital Control Systems 6
1.4.1 Centralized Control System 6

1.4.2 Drawbacks of Centralized Control System 7
1.4.3 Distributed Control System 7
1.4.4 Advantages of Distributed Control System 8
1.5 Distributed Control System 9
1.5.1 Yokogawa’s Contribution 10

1.5.2 CENTUM VP 10
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1.1 Basic Control Loop

In any process plant, the parameters generally measured are Level, Flow, Temperature,
Pressure etc… The transmitter converts the process input into a 4-20mA current signal. This
signal is given as input or process variable (PV) to the controller. The desired value is given as
the set point or set variable (SV) to the controller. The function of a controller is to match the PV
with the SV and make the deviation zero. In order to achieve this, the controller checks the
deviation continuously (DV=PV-SV) and tries to make the deviation zero. The controller
generates the output or the manipulated variable (MV) based on the deviation. The generated MV
is also in terms of 4-20mA current signal.
However the final control element in most of the cases is pneumatically operated control valves.
Hence an I/P converter (Current to Pneumatic signal converter) is used to convert the 4-20mA
current signal to 3-15psi or 0.2 to 1 kg pressure signal which is used to operate the control
valve.
1.2 Process Control Methodology

For the controller to match the process value with the set value and calculate the manipulated
value, various control methodologies are used. The commonly used control methodologies are:
Feedback Control: It is a control in which the controller continuously checks the deviation
between the input and the set point and always corrects the input to match the set point.
Feed forward Control: It is a control in which corrective action is taken by measuring the
disturbance and directly driving the final control element before it affects the process.
Sequential Control: It is a control which successively advances each control step in accordance
with a predefined sequence.
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1.3 Process Control Systems

A process control system comprises of multiple simple and complex control loops.
Process control systems are primarily classified into:
• Analog Control Systems

• Digital Control Systems
1.3.1 Analog Control System
Analog control system uses operational amplifiers to do the control function.
Operational Amplifier
Transmitter
1 to 5V DC
Signal
Conversion
4-20 mA DC
I/P
Set Point
Final Control Element
In an analog control system, the process parameters are measured by the transmitter. The
transmitter generates 4 to 20 mA current signal corresponding to 0 to 100% of the process
parameter measured. This signal is converted to 1 to 5V DC and given as input signal to the
operational amplifier. The desired set point is also given to the operational amplifier. The
operational amplifier calculates the output based on the input and the set point. The 4 – 20 mA
current output is given to an I/P converter and then to the final control element.
1.3.2 Digital Control System
Digital control system uses microprocessors to do the control function.
In a digital control system, the process parameters are measured by the transmitter. The
transmitter generates 4 to 20 mA current signal corresponding to 0 to 100% of the process
parameter measured. This signal is converted by signal converter into a voltage signal. Analog
to Digital Converters are used to convert this analog signal to digital signal. This digital signal is
given to the microprocessor for processing. Digital Control system uses microprocessors to do
the control function.
Digital control systems are preferred over analog control systems since it is easy to interface
with computers for data analysis.
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Memory
Unit
Signal
Conversion Control
&A / D Unit
Set
Input Point
Unit
Digital
4-20 mA DC
Output Arithmetic
I/P D/A Unit Unit
Processor
1.4 Digital Control Systems

Digital Control Systems are further classified into:
• Centralized Control Systems (CCS)

• Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
1.4.1 Centralized Control System

CCS is a centralized control, centralized monitoring system. All the inputs from the field are
given to a single CPU. The relevant set points are also given to the same CPU. The outputs are
also taken from the same CPU.
In a Centralized Control System, all the field inputs PV1 to PVn are fed to a single CPU, the
relevant set points SV1 to SVn are also given to the same CPU and all the outputs MV1 to MVn are
also taken from the same CPU. Hence if the CPU fails, the whole plant gets affected.
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PV1 MV1
PV2 MV2
PVn MVn
Output Signals to
Field
Input Signals
from Field
SV1 SV2 SVn
Set Points
Centralized Control, Centralized Monitoring
1.4.2 Drawbacks of Centralized Control System
• If the CPU fails the entire plant gets affected.

• Redundancy concept is not available.
1.4.3 Distributed Control System
DCS is distributed control and centralized monitoring system. In a Distributed Control System,
the control function is distributed, but the monitoring is still centralized. All the n field inputs are
not fed to a single CPU. Instead they are distributed among multiple CPU’s. In DCS terminology,
CPU’s are referred as Field Control Stations (FCS).
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PV1 MV1
FCS
Input PV8 MV8 Output
OPS
Signals from SV SV8 Signals to
Field Field
PV9 MV9
FCS
PV16
OPS
MV16
SV9 SV16
PV17 MV17 Communication

FCS Bus
PVn MVn
SV17 SVn
Set Points
Let us consider that there are n parameters from the field to be monitored and controlled in a
plant. The signal distribution is done as shown in the figure.
1.4.4 Advantages of Distributed Control System
• Control function is distributed among multiple CPUs (Field Control Stations). Hence
failure of one FCS does not affect the entire plant.
• Redundancy is available at various levels.
• Instruments and interlocks are created by software.
• Generation and modifications of the interlocks are very flexible and simple.
• Information regarding the process is presented to the user in various formats.
• Field wiring is considerably less.
• Maintenance and troubleshooting becomes very easy.
• Cost effective in the long run.
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1.5 Basic Components of Distributed

Control System
In a Distributed Control System, the control function is distributed, but the monitoring is still
centralized. The basic components of a DCS are:
• Field Control Station.

• Operator Station.
• Communication Bus.
FCS (Field Control Station):
The Field Control Station is used to control the process. All the instruments and interlocks
created by software reside in the memory of the FCS. All the field instruments like transmitters
and control valves are wired to the FCS.
OPS (Operator Station):
The operator station is used to monitor the process and to operate various instruments.
Communication Bus:
Communication bus is used to communicate between the Field Control Station and the Operator
Station.
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1.5.1 Yokogawa’s Contribution
Yokogawa were the pioneers in introducing the first Distributed Control System to the world.
Centum was the first Distributed Control System introduced by Yokogawa in the year 1975.
Yokogawa continued its research in the DCS field and introduced many systems in line with the
technological development.
The latest DCS from the Yokogawa fold is the CENTUM VP system.
1.5.2 CENTUM VP
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CENTUM VP is the world’s first Windows Vista ready DCS.
The primary factors considered during the development of CENTUM VP are:

• To realize ideal plant operation for customers.
• To develop new Operation & Monitoring Environment for operations which provide
more meaningful information.
• To incorporate a modern, simple, intuitive look and feel.
The basic frame of the new CENTUM VP HMI is designed to facilitate simple and easy access to
the right information.
The system message banner at the top displays key information such as alarms and guidance
that everyone must be aware of.
The navigation bar to the left allows users to get to the right information quickly and efficiently.
The intuitive consolidated alarm management system is now the standard alarm viewer in the
new HMI, ensuring role-based delivery of actionable, prioritized information and advisories.
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2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
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Table of contents Page Number
2.1 System Configuration 14
2.1.1 Field Control Station 14

2.1.2 Engineering/Operator Station (ENG/OPS) 15
2.1.3 Communication Network 16
2.1.4 Other System Components 16
2.2 CENTUM VP System Capacity 18
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2.1 System Configuration

For a Distributed Control System to function three major components are necessary.
• Field Control Station (FCS)
• Engineering / Operator Station (ENG / HIS)
• Communication Network
2.1.1 Field Control Station (FCS)

This is the interface between the field instruments and the control room. This is the component
where all the control functions are executed and hence is a very important and critical
component in the overall system.
Based on the I/O modules used, there are two models of the FCS, namely the FCS for RIO and
FCS for FIO. RIO means Remote Input/Output and FIO means Field network Input/Output.
Under RIO Type, two types of FCS are available:

• PFCS
• LFCS
Under FIO Type, three types of FCS are available:

• KFCS
• FFCS
• FFCS-L
All the FCS can be used in either a single configuration or duplexed configuration. Single
configuration uses a single processor card while a duplexed configuration uses a redundant
processor card configuration. A duplexed configuration is normally preferred.
FCS for RIO: PFCS

This FCS uses Remote I/O modules and is a compact FCS. This FCS is usually installed near the
equipment or process it controls and is ideal for communicating with subsystems. It is normally
used for small plants. A single configuration is specified as PFCS-S and a duplexed configuration
is PFCD-S.
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FCS for RIO: LFCS

This FCS also uses Remote I/O modules and is used for large plants. A single configuration is
specified as AFS10S and a duplexed configuration is AFS10D.
FCS for FIO: KFCS

This FCS uses the Field Network I/O modules, which are compact in size and supports different
types of field connections. It is normally used for large plants. A single configuration is specified
as AFS30S and a duplexed configuration is AFS30D.
FCS for FIO: FFCS

This FCS also uses the Field Network I/O modules and is a compact FCS. The I/O modules are
integrated in to the Field Control Unit. Preferred for small plants. A single configuration is
specified as AFF50S and a duplexed configuration is AFF50D.
FCS for FIO: FFCS-L

This is the latest FCS from Yokogawa. Also called as the V net/IP system. This FCS has been
introduced with changes in communication protocol.
The I/O modules are integrated in to the Field Control Unit and the FCS can be used both for
small as well as large applications. A single configuration is specified as AFV10S and a duplexed
configuration is AFV10D.
2.1.2 Engineering / Operator Station (ENG / HIS)

The operator controls the plant from this station. The same component can be used to do the
configuration changes. The operator station or the Man Machine Interface (MMI) is called the
Human Interface Station (HIS) in CENTUM VP system. The component used for configuration is
called the Engineering station (ENG). Both these components can reside in one hardware.
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2.1.3 Communication Network

The FCS and HIS are connected via a real time control network. This communicates all the
parameters to and from the Field Control Station to the Human Interface Station. The
communication cable for the control network can be an Ethernet cable or V net / VL net cable.
The type of communication cable used is decided by the FCS used in the CENTUM VP system. If
the communication network is Ethernet based, the system is called a V net / IP system and if it is
V net or VL net based it is called as a V net system.
2.1.4 Other System Components

Various other components also form part of the CENTUM VP system. Each of the components on
the real-time network is called as a station and has a unique station address.
Safety Control Station (SCS)
Safety Control Station is the component that performs the processing and logical computation of
Emergency Shutdown inputs and outputs. Yokogawa’s Emergency shutdown system is called
ProSafe System.
ProSafe COM
ProSafe COM is a component of the ProSafe System, which connects the DCS System to the
ProSafe System.
Communication Gateway Unit (CGW)
The Communication Gateway Unit is a gateway that connects the supervisory computer with the
VL net or V net, which are the control communication networks for the CENTUM VP system.
EXAOPC Server (EXAOPC)
Exaopc is an OPC (OLE for Process Control, OPC is a standard interface developed by the OPC
Foundation) server, which can be connected to a variety of DCS (Distributed Control Systems).
With the package, the OPC client can acquire and define process data from various DCS and
receive alarm events.
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Plant Resource Manager (PRM)

Field devices have become more intelligent. These intelligent field devices communicate digitally
to the Field Control Station. Plant Resource Manager handles field device management and
maintenance work. Plant Resource Manager maintains a historical record of device parameters
and maintenance records.
EXAQUANTUM Server
A Distributed Control System typically produces large amounts of data that must be converted
into information to facilitate management decisions and optimize the operation of the plant.
Exaquantum is a Plant Information Management System (PIMS), which processes these data and
delivers information to all decision makers throughout the organization.
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2.2 CENTUM VP System Capacity

The number of Field Control Stations to control a process plant is decided based on the
Input/Output count, Input/Output segregation based on the different sections of the plant, Field
Control station CPU load and the Field Control Station hardware capabilities.
The number of Human Interface Stations is decided based on the number of operators required
to control the process plant considering number of screens required during startup and
shutdown situation.
The table below shows the capacity of a CENTUM VP system.
Maximum number of stations per domain 64 stations
Maximum number of HIS per domain 16 stations
Station number for HIS 1 to 64 in descending order
Station number for FCS 1 to 64 in ascending order
Maximum number of domains 16 per system
Numbering of domains 1 to 64
Maximum number of stations per system 256 per system
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3. RIO TYPE FIELD CONTROL STATION
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Table of Contents Page Number
3.1 Compact Field Control Station – PFCD 21

3.1.1 Dual Redundant Configuration of PFCD 22
3.1.2 Components of PFCD 23
3.1.2.1 Processor Card 23
3.1.2.2 Bus Coupler Unit 24
3.1.2.3 Communication Switch 25
3.1.2.4 Power Distribution Board 25
3.1.2.5 Power Supply Unit 26
3.1.2.6 Battery Unit 26
3.1.3 Application Capacity of PFCD 27
3.2 Field Control station for Remote Input Output – LFCS 27

3.2.1 Synchronous Hot Standby System 28
3.2.2 Components of LFCS 28
3.2.2.1 Field Control Unit (FCU) 29
3.2.2.2 Node Interface Unit (NIU) 30
3.2.2.3 Remote Input Output Bus 30
3.2.2.5 Bus Coupler Unit 32
3.2.3 Application Capacity of LFCS 34
3.3 Process Input Output Modules 34
3.3.1 IOM Nest 35

3.3.2 I/O Cards Mountable in AMN11 Nest 36
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RIO type of field control station can be classified in to two types.
• Compact Field Control Station RIO Type (PFCD)

• Field Control Station for Remote Input Output (RIO) – LFCS
3.1 Compact Field Control Station - PFCD
Hardware Details:
• The PFCD consists of two Power supply units, redundant CPU’s and two VL net coupler
units.
• Maximum of five I/O nests can be connected to one PFCS.
• VL net cable can be interfaced with V Net cable using 10base 2 to 10 base 5 convertor.
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3.1.1 Dual Redundant Configuration of PFCD
• In the compact FCS, the processor card, V net coupler, power supply card and the
process I/O interface are all dual redundant.
• Of the two processor cards, one will be active and the other will be standby card. The
duplexed processor cards can switch from active to standby card without any
interruption to control.
• The duplexed processor cards perform control computations in sync. The switch over
from active to standby does not interrupt the control.
• If an invalid CPU memory access is detected, the invalid data is not used, and the
corresponding CPU is stopped. If the error occurs in the active CPU, switchover to
standby causes no interruption to control.
• A Watch Dog Timer is used to detect if the active processor card is abnormal, which
results in a switch from active to standby processor card.
• Each CPU performs I/O via a Process I/O (PIO) interface card. Both the active and
standby sides check that the PIO bus interface is normal. If an abnormality is detected in
the active side, the standby side is switched in to use.
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3.1.2 Components of PFCD
UNIT NAME SINGLE CONFIGURATION DUPLEXED

PFCS-S CONFIGURATION PFCD-S
Power supply unit PW701 (1 or 2 nos.) PW701 (2 nos.)
(100-120 V AC)

(220-240 V AC)

(24 V DC)
Processor Card (Standard) CP701 (1 no.) CP701 (2 nos.)
Processor Card (Enhanced) CP703 (1 no.) CP703 (2 nos.)
Control Bus Coupler Unit AIP521 (1or 2 nos.) AIP521 (2 nos.)
Branch plug (for VL net or V net S9764UK (1 or 2 nos.) S9764UK (2 nos.)

cable)
Battery Unit S9766UK (1 no.) S9766UK (2 nos.)
3.1.2.1 Processor Card

Processor card performs control operations. There are two
types of processor cards:
• CP701 Standard type with 12 MB RAM and
• CP703 Enhanced type with 16 MB RAM
Status Lamps:
HRDY: The processor card performs self diagnosis. If the

processor card hardware is functioning normally, the green
light turns on. If abnormality is found, the light turns off.
RDY: The green light turns on if both the hardware and

software are functioning normally. If either of them is
abnormal, the light turns off.
CTRL: In the duplex PFCS/SFCS, the green light turns on if

the processor card is the control side and turns off if it is the
waiting side.
When starting up the duplex PFCS/SFCS, the right side
becomes the control side. In the single PFCS/SFCS, the
green light is always on.
COPY: In the duplex PFCS/SFCS, the green light turns on
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when program copy is executed and turns off when program copy is completed.
When a processor card has been replaced or when the unit is stopped then started again, the
standby-side processor card automatically copies the program of the control-side processor
card.
When copy is completed, the light turns off. In the single PFCS/SFCS, the light is always off.
START/STOP: This maintenance switch is used for forcing stop or restarting the processor card
CPU. If this switch is pressed when the processor card is still operating, the CPU will stop. If this
switch is pressed when the processor card is not operating, the CPU will restart.
This switch is located inside a hole next to the START/STOP sign. Push the switch using a
slender bar of around 2 mm in diameter.
CN1 Connector:
Do not connect anything to the CN1 connector, since it is used for maintenance purposes only.
3.1.2.2 Bus Coupler Unit
The control bus coupler is located between the control bus cable and the PFCS processor card,
and performs insulation and level conversion of control bus signals.
Either a single or duplex control bus coupler can be used.
Status Lamps:
RCV: The green light turns on when the communication carrier is receiving signals from control
bus. Otherwise, the lamp is off.
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SND-L: The green light turns on when the processor card located on the left side of the
PFCS/SFCS is sending data to control bus. Otherwise, the light is off.
SND-R: The green light turns on when the processor card located on the right side of the
PFCS/SFCS is sending data to control bus. Otherwise, the light is off.
When the communication switch is tilted toward the DSBL side, all lamps are off.
3.1.2.3 Communication Switch
ENBL: Performs
communication with
control bus. Set the switch in this position during normal operation.
DSBL: Set the switch in this position if communication with control bus is to be stopped. A lock-
type switch is used for the toggle switch.
When switching, do so while pulling the knob forward. Tilt the switch upward to obtain the ENBL
setting and downward to obtain
the DSBL setting.
3.1.2.4 Power Distribution Board
The power distribution board

receives a specified power supply
at the power supply input
terminals, and outputs it through a
noise filter to the power supply
output connectors. To turn off the
power to the cards, disconnect
the power supply output
connectors (CN1 and CN2) on the
power distribution board.
TM1 terminals:M4 screw terminals

for power supply input
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L: Ungrounded
N: Grounded
Ground: Protective Grounding Terminal
CN1 connector: Power supply output connector. Connect the cable from the left-side power
supply unit of a duplexed FCU.
CN2 connector: Power supply output connector. Connect the cable from the right-side power
supply unit.
3.1.2.5 Power Supply Unit
The power supply unit converts the main AC voltage into an

isolated DC voltage for distribution to cards and units
mounted in the Field Control Station.
The maintenance connector (CHK) is used by a service

engineer during maintenance work. Do not use this
connector during normal operations.
3.1.2.6 Battery Unit

The battery unit backs up the memory in the processor card during the main power failure. It
can hold the memory for about 72 hours. If the power failure is more than this specified time, the
FCS has to be loaded off-line.
The battery life changes according to the ambient temperature.
• Three years if the average ambient temperature is 30 degree or less.

• One year and a half if the average ambient temperature is 40 degree or less.
• Nine months if the average ambient temperature is 50 degree or less.
• As for battery output, the left battery unit backs up the left CPU and the right battery unit
the right CPU.
• In the single system, the battery unit is installed on the left side.
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3.1.3 Application Capacity of PFCD
ITEMS STANDARD ENHANCED

CPU model CP701 CP703
No. of I/O units 5 5
No. of control loops 16 16
Total no. of analog points 128 128
Process I/O
Total no. of contact (Digital) I/O points 512 512
Communication I/O Number of data (in 16-bit units) 1000 4000
Internal Switches No. of common switches 1,000 1,000
No. of annunciator message outputs 200 200
No. of message outputs (print
message, operator guide, message
Message Outputs request, event) 100 100
Control Functions No. of control drawings 50 50
3.2 Field Control Station for Remote Input

Output - LFCS
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This FCS uses the Remote I/O (RIO) modules, which have many installation bases and M4 screw
terminals to connect signal cables.
According to the application capacity, there are two types:
• Standard Type FCS for RIO
• Enhanced Type FCS for RIO
3.2.1 Synchronous Hot-Standby System
There are two processors on each processor card. Each CPU performs the same control
computations, and the results are compared after each computation.
If the results agree, then the card is assumed to be normal and the results are transferred to
memory and bus interface card. The main memory uses ECC (error- correcting code) which can
correct transient reversed–bit errors.
If the results from CPU1 and CPU2 do not agree, then the comparator takes this as “CPU
abnormal” and switches to the standby processor card.
A watch Dog Timer is used to detect if the active processor card is abnormal, which results in a
switch from active to standby processor card.
3.2.2 Components of LFCS

LFCS consists of Field Control Unit (FCU), Node Interface Unit (NIU) and Input Output Unit or
Input Output Nest (IOU).
Remote Input Output bus or RIO bus is used to communicate between Nodes and the Field
Control Unit. The LFCS can be either rack mounted or cabinet mounted.

(AFS10S / AFS20S) CONFIGURATION (AFS10D /
AFS20D)
Power supply unit PW301 (1 no.) PW301 (2 nos.)
(100-120 V AC)

(220-240 V AC)

(24 V DC)
Processor Card CP333D / CP334D / CP345D (Any CP333D / CP334D / CP345D (Any
1 no.) 2 nos.)
RIO Bus Interface Card RB301 (1 no.) RB301 (2 nos.)
Control Bus Coupler Unit AIP502 ( 2 nos.) AIP502 (2 nos.)
RIO Bus Coupler Unit AIP512 ( 2 nos.) AIP512 (2 nos.)
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3.2.2.1 Field Control Unit (FCU)
Details of Field Control Unit (FCU):
• The FCU for RIO consists of two processor cards, two power supply units along with
battery units and two RIO bus interface cards.
• Two V net coupler units are available for connecting V net cables. Two RIO Bus Coupler
units are available for connecting RIO Bus Cables.
• V net is a coaxial cable and RIO Bus is a twisted pair cable.
• Additionally, the FCU also consists of Power I/O terminal to connect the main power for
the FCU.
• Power distribution panel to distribute power to the Power Supply units.
• Fan units to maintain FCU temperature and air filters to filter dust.
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3.2.2.2 Node Interface Unit (NIU)

The Node Interface Unit consists of RIO
bus communication cards and power
supply cards, both of which can be dual
redundant. It also holds the I/ O units.
I/O Units (IOU)

I/O units consist of I/O Module Nests
containing I/O Modules, which connect
to the process.
Maximum 8 Node Interface Units can be

connected to one FCU. Maximum 5 I/O
Units can be connected to each node.
Hence a maximum of 40 I/O units
(i.e.8*5) can be connected to one LFCS.
3.2.2.3 Remote Input Output Bus (RIO Bus)
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• The Remote IO or RIO Bus connects the FCU to the I/O nodes and can be dual redundant.
I/O nodes need not be always in the FCU cabinet. They can also be mounted remotely.
• Maximum length of RIO Bus is 750 m. However the RIO bus can be extended to 20 Kms
with the help of Optical adapters.
• Shielded twisted pair cable is used for distances up to 750m.
• Bus repeaters and optical fiber links can be used for longer distances up to 20 Km. Bus
repeaters and optical fiber links can be mixed, up to four in total.

This performs control operations. The commonly used processor card is:
• CP333D with 16 MB RAM
Status Lamps on the Processor Card

HRDY: The processor card performs self
diagnosis. If the processor card hardware
is functioning normally, the green light
turns on. If abnormality is found, the light
turns off.
RDY: The green light turns on if both the

hardware and software are functioning
normally. If either of them is abnormal, the
light turns off.
CTRL: In the duplex LFCS, the green light

turns on if the processor card is the
control side and turns off if it is the waiting
side. When starting up the duplex LFCS,
the right side becomes the control side. In
the single LFCS, the green light is always
on.
COPY: In the duplex LFCS, the green light

turns on when program copy is executed
and turns off when program copy is
completed.
When a processor card has been replaced

or when the unit is stopped then started
again, the standby-side processor card
automatically copies the program of the
control-side processor card. When copy is
completed, the light turns off. In the single
LFCS, the light is always off.
START/STOP: This maintenance switch is

used for forcing stop or restarting the
processor card CPU. If this switch is
pressed when the processor card is still
operating, the CPU will stop.
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If this switch is pressed when the processor card is not operating, the CPU will restart. This
switch is located on the CP card.
CN1 Connector:
It is used for maintenance purposes only.
3.2.2.5 Bus Coupler Unit
The control bus coupler is located between the

control bus cable and the LFCD processor card,
and performs insulation and level conversion of
control bus signals. Redundancy option is
present.
Status Lamps:
RCV: The green light turns on when the

communication carrier is receiving signals from
control bus. Otherwise, the lamp is off.
SND-L: The green light turns on when the

processor card located on the left side of the
LFCD is sending data to control bus. Otherwise,
the light is off.
SND-R: The green light turns on when the

processor card located on the right side of the
LFCD is sending data to control bus. Otherwise,
the light is off.
When the communication switch is tilted toward the DSBL side, all lamps are off.
Communication Switch:
ENBL: Performs communication with control bus. Set the switch in this position during normal
operation.
type switch is used for the toggle switch.
When switching, do so while pulling the knob forward. Tilt
the switch upward to obtain the ENBL setting and
downward to obtain the DSBL setting.
The power distribution board receives a specified power

supply at the power supply input terminals, and outputs it
through a noise filter to the power supply output
connectors.
To turn off the power to the cards, disconnect the power

supply output connectors (CN1 and CN2) on the power
distribution board.
TM1 terminals: M4 screw terminals for power supply input
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L : Ungrounded
N : Grounded
Ground: Protective Grounding Terminal
CN1 connector: Power supply output connector, Connect the cable from the left-side power
supply unit of a duplexed FCU.
CN2 connector: Power supply output connector, Connect the cable from the right-side power
supply unit.

The power supply unit converts the main AC
voltage into an isolated DC voltage for distribution
to cards and units mounted in the Field Control
Station.
The maintenance connector (CHK) is used by a

service engineer during maintenance work. Do not
use this connector during normal operations.
3.2.2.8 Battery unit
The battery unit backs up the memory in the

processor card during the main power failure. It
can hold the memory for about 72 hours. If the
power failure is more than this specified time, the
FCS has to be loaded off-line.
The battery life changes according to the ambient

temperature.
• Three years if the average ambient

temperature is 30 degree or less.
• One year and a half if the average ambient
• Nine months if the average ambient
Battery output: The left battery unit backs up the left CPU and the right battery unit the right
CPU. In the single system, the battery unit is installed on the left side.
Battery Type: Cadmium Lithium. Battery backup is for 72 hours and charging time is for 48
hours.
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3.2.3 Application Capacity of LFCS
MAX. LFCS
ITEMS CAPACITY
No. of I/O units 40
Total no. of analog points 1280

Process I/O
Total no. of contact (Digital) I/O points 4096
Communication I/O Number of data (in 16-bit units) 4,000
No. of global switches 256
Internal Switches No. of common switches 4,000
No. of annunciator message outputs 500
No. of message outputs (print message, operator

Message Outputs guide, message request, event) 200
Function No. of function blocks 8000
Control Functions No. of control drawings 200
3.3 Process Input Output Modules

Input modules convert process signals to the digital data format used in the FCS. Output
modules convert the digital data format used in the FCS to analog or contact signals. Using
process inputs/outputs, an FCS can receive signals from process detectors and output signals
to process control elements.
Process inputs/outputs are used to exchange signals between field equipment and an FCS. They
are used as input/output signals for the regulatory control, arithmetic calculation and sequence
control.
There are different types of process inputs/outputs:
• Analog input/output
• Contact input/output and
• Communication input/output
Analog Inputs: Analog inputs are the DC current or DC voltage analog signals from the field
equipment connected to the FCS. The following types of signal can be used as Analog inputs.
• Current Input
• Voltage Input
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• mV Input
• Thermocouple Input
• Resistance Temperature Detector Input
• Potentiometer Input
• Pulse Input
All the data passed into the IOM is transmitted to PI/O image of the processor unit and accessed
at the beginning of every basic scan cycle or high-speed scan cycle of the function blocks.
Analog Outputs: Analog output is the DC current or DC voltage analog signals output from FCS
to the field equipment. The following types of signal can be used as analog outputs.
• Current Output
• Voltage Output
Digital I/O modules are also referred as Contact I/O modules. Using contact inputs/outputs, an
FCS can receive and output ON/OFF signals from and to field equipment. Contact inputs/outputs
are process inputs/outputs which can handle ON/OFF signals such as DC voltages and currents.
The ON/OFF signal is a digital value of either 0 or 1, which together with an indication of the
quality of that value, shows the status of the process data item.
Contact Inputs: They are classified into the following two types according to the input signal.
• Status Input Module

• Pushbutton Input Module
Contact Outputs: They are classified into the following three types:
• Status Output
• Pulse-Width Output
• Time-Proportioning On/Off Output
Communication I/O modules are used for RS232C or

RS422 communication. Communication I/O modules
supported by RIO type FCS are:
• RS-232C communication module (ACM11)
• RS-422/ RS-485 communication module
(ACM12)
• Foundation Field bus communication module
(ACF11)
3.3.1 IOM Nest
RIO type process input output units consist of an I/O

nest inside which an I/O module is placed. The I/O
nest can be broadly classified into:
Analog input/output
Contact input/output
Communication input/output
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The following type of I/O Nests is available for RIO type FCS.
AMN11: Nest for Analog I/O Modules
AMN12: High-Speed Nest for Analog I/O

Modules (for LFCS only)
AMN21: Nest for Relay I/O Modules
AMN31: Nest for Terminal-type I/O Modules
AMN32: Nest for Connector-Type I/O

Modules
AMN33: Nest for Communication Modules
AMN34: Nest for Multipoint Analog I/O

Modules
AMN51: Nest for Communication Cards
AMN52: Nest for PROFIBUS-DP

Communication Modules
3.3.2 I/O Cards Mountable in AMN11 Nest

AMN11 nest can accommodate up to 16 analog I/O modules. Following are the types of I/O cards
that can be mounted in a AMN11 nest.
1. AAM10-Current/voltage input module (Simplified type)
2. AAM11-Current/voltage input module
3. AAM11B-Current/voltage input module (supports BRAIN)
4. APM11-Pulse input module
5. AAM50-Current output module
6. AAM51-Current/voltage output module
7. AAM21-mV, thermocouple, RTD input module
8. AAM21J-mV, thermocouple, RTD input module

Relay I/O modules are installed in AMN21 nest. Following are the types of I/O cards that can be
mounted:
• Relay input module ADM15R
• Relay output module ADM55R
Either the relay input module ADM15R or the relay output module ADM55R can be installed in
this nest.

Multiplexer modules and digital I/O modules (terminal type) can be installed in the AMN31 nest.
Up to two I/O modules can be installed in the nest. A combination of multiplexer modules and
digital I/O modules cannot be installed in the same nest.
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The table lists the different cards that can be installed.
Types Models Names

AMM12T Voltage input multiplexer module
AMM22M mV input multiplexer module
Multiplexer Module AMM22T Thermocouple input multiplexer module
AMM22TJ Thermocouple input multiplexer module
AMM32T RTD input multiplexer module
AMM32TJ RTD input multiplexer module
AMM42T 2-wire transmitter input multiplexer module
AMM52T Current output multiplexer module
ADM11T Contact input module (16-point, terminal type)
Digital I/O Module
ADM12T Contact input module (32-point, terminal type)
ADM51T Contact output module (16-point, terminal type)
ADM52T Contact output module (32-point, terminal type)

Voltage input multiplexer module (connector type) and Digital I/O module (connector type) can
be installed in the AMN32 (connector I/O module) nest. Up to 4 I/O modules can be installed in
one nest.
The table gives the list of I/O modules that can be installed in the nest.
Types Models Names

AMM12C Voltage input multiplexer module
AMM22C mV input multiplexer module
Multiplexer Module AMM25C Thermocouple input multiplexer module
AMM32C RTD input multiplexer module
AMM32CJ RTD input multiplexer module
ADM11C Contact input module
Digital I/O Module
ADM12C Contact input module
ADM51C Contact output module
ADM52C Contact output module
Communication modules are installed in the AMN33 nest. Up to two modules can be installed in
one nest.
The cards that can be mounted in this nest are:
• ACM11 RS-232C Communication module

• ACM12 RS-422/RS-485 Communication module
• ACF11 Field bus Communication Module
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Control analog I/O modules can be placed in AMN34 Nest. Up to two I/O modules can be placed
in one nest. The card that can be placed is AMC80-Multipoint control analog I/O module.
The AMN51 nest is used to mount Communication cards. Up to 2 cards can be installed in this
module. The cards that can be mounted in the nest are as follows:
• ACM21-RS-232C Communication Card
• ACM22-RS-422/485 Communication Card
• ACM71-Ethernet Communication Module
The AMN52 nest is used to mount communication cards. Up to 4 cards can be installed in this
nest. The card that is mounted in this nest is used for Profibus communication; the model
number of the card is ACP71.
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4. FIO TYPE FIELD CONTROL STATION
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4.1 Field Control Station for FIO - KFCS 41

4.1.1 Dual redundant Configuration of KFCS 42
4.1.2 Components of KFCS 43
4.1.2.4 Control Bus Coupler Unit 46
4.1.3 Application Capacity of KFCS 48
4.2 Compact Field Control Station for FIO - FFCS 49

4.2.1 Dual redundant Configuration of FFCS 49
4.2.2 Components of FFCS 51
4.2.2.3 Hardware Configuration of Local Node 53
4.2.2.4 Hardware Configuration of Remote Node 54
4.2.2.6 Control Bus Coupler Unit 56
4.2.3 Application Capacity of FFCS 58
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4.1 Field Control Station for FIO - KFCS

This FCS uses the Field network I/O (FIO) modules, which are compact and consist of various
lineup such as the connector types and so forth.
Field Control Station for Field Input Output (FIO) – KFCS, according to the application capacity
can be categorized as,
a) Standard Type FCS for FIO – KFCS
b) Enhanced Type FCS for FIO - KFCS2

Field Control Unit (FCU)
Node Interface Unit (NIU)
The image shows the system configuration of KFCS.
KFCS supports Field Network I/O referred to as FIO. KFCS consists of Field Control Unit (FCU),
Node Interface Unit (NIU), ESB Bus and ER Bus.
ESB bus is used to communicate between local nodes and the Field Control Unit. ER bus is used
to communicate between remote nodes and the Field Control Unit.
The KFCS can be either rack mounted or cabinet mounted. Up to 10 node units can be
connected to the FCU for standard FCS and up to 15 for enhanced FCS. Up to 8 I/O modules can
be installed in each node unit.
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4.1.1 Dual Redundant Configuration of KFCS
• There are two processors on each processor card. Each CPU performs the same control
• If the results agree, then the card is assumed to be normal and the results are
transferred to memory and bus interface card.
• The main memory uses ECC (error-correcting code) which can correct transient
reversed–bit errors.
• If the results from CPU1 and CPU2 do not agree, then the comparator takes this as “CPU
abnormal” and switches to the standby processor card.
• A watch Dog Timer is used to detect if the active processor card is abnormal, which
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• The standby processor card is performing the same computations as the active card,
and when it is switched to active status then the results it has just computed are
transferred to the bus interface. There is no interruption in control.
• If a “CPU abnormal” error is detected in a CPU card, a self-diagnostic check is

performed on the card.
• If the hardware is not abnormal, then the error is treated as a transient error and the
card reverts back from “abnormal” to “standby” status.
• The V net and V net interface are dual redundant.
4.1.2 Components of KFCS
The table shows the hardware configuration of KFCS.

(AFS30S / AFS40S) CONFIGURATION
(AFS30D / AFS40D)
(100-120 V AC)

(220-240 V AC)

(24 V DC)
Processor Card CP345 ( 1 no.) CP345 ( 2 nos.)
ESB Bus Interface Card SB301 (1 no.) SB301 (2 nos.)
ESB Bus Coupler Unit AIP511 ( 2 nos.) AIP511 (2 nos.)
4.1.2.1 Field Control Unit (FCU)
The FCU for FIO consists of two processor cards, two power supply units along with battery
units and two ESB bus interface cards. Two V net coupler units are also available for connecting
V net communication cable.
Two ESB Bus Coupler units are available for connecting ESB Bus Cables.
V net is a coaxial cable which communicates between FCS and HIS. ESB Bus is used to
communicate between the Field Control Unit and the Node Interface Unit within the FCS.
In addition to these, the FCU also consists of Power I/O terminal to connect the main power for
the FCU and Power distribution panel to distribute power to the Power Supply units.
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4.1.2.2 Node Interface Unit (NIU)

The node interface units (NIU) for FIO are signal processing units which convert and transmit
analog or digital process I/O signals received from the field devices to the FCU. The FIO nodes
can be either local nodes or remote nodes.
The FIO node interface unit has 12 slots. The

12th and 11th slot are reserved for the
power supply unit. The 10th and 9th slot
hold the slave communication card.
Remaining slots from 1 to 8 accommodate
the I/O modules.
Maximum 10 Node Interface Units can be

connected to one FCU. Maximum 8 I/O
modules can be connected in each node.
ESB Slave Interface Module

This module is installed in the local node to
enable communication with the FCU. The
module can be duplexed.
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ER Bus Interface Module

This module has an interface master module, which is installed in the local node and an interface
slave module which is installed in the remote node.
Both modules can be dual redundant.
LOCAL NODE
The node interface unit installed along with the FCU
is called a local node.
The ESB (Extended Serial Backboard) bus is the
communication bus used in connecting the local
nodes. This bus can be dual redundant.
The transmission speed is 128 Mbps and the

maximum distance is 10 meters.
REMOTE NODE
The node interface unit can also be placed in a separate cabinet close to the site. Such a node is
called as a remote node. The ER (Enhanced Remote) Bus is the communication bus used in
connecting the remote nodes with the FCU by means of the ER bus interface module installed on
the local node.
The transmission speed

is 10 Mbps and its
maximum transmission
distance is 185 meters
using a Ethernet
compatible 10 BASE-2
coaxial cable.
500 meters can be

achieved using a 10
BASE-5 coaxial cable.
The bus can run up to 2

kilometers using
general purpose optical
bus repeaters.
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Processor card performs calculations and control computations. The processor card type is:
CP345 16MB RAM
Status Lamps:
HRDY: The processor card performs self diagnosis. If the

processor card hardware is functioning normally, the green light
turns on. If abnormality is found, the light turns off.
RDY: The green light turns on if both the hardware and software
are functioning normally. If either of them is abnormal, the light
turns off.
CTRL: In the duplex KFCS, the green light turns on if the

processor card is the control side and turns off if it is the waiting
side. When starting up the duplex KFCS, the right side becomes
the control side.
COPY: In the duplex KFCS, the green light turns on when

program copy is executed and turns off when program copy is
completed.
When a processor card has been replaced or when the unit is

stopped then started again, the standby-side processor card
automatically copies the program of the control-side processor
card. When copy is completed, the light turns off.
START/STOP: This maintenance switch is used for forcing stop or restarting the processor card
CPU. If this switch is pressed when the processor card is still operating, the CPU will stop.
If this switch is pressed when the processor card is not operating, the CPU will restart. This
switch is located inside a hole next to the START/STOP sign.Push the switch using a slender bar
of around 2 mm in diameter.
CN1 Connector:
Do not connect anything to the CN1 connector, since it is
used for maintenance purposes only.
4.1.2.4 Control Bus Coupler Unit

The control bus coupler is where the V- net or the VL-net is
installed into the FCS station. It is located between the
control bus cable and the processor card, and performs
insulation and level conversion of control bus signals.
STATUS LED’S:
RCV: The LED turns ON when the communication carrier is
receiving signals from control bus.
SND-L: The LED turns ON when the left side processor
card is sending data to control bus.
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SND-R: The LED turns ON when the right side processor card is sending data to control bus.
COMMUNICATION SWITCH: Used to enable or disable control bus communication.
ENBL: Performs communication with control bus. Set the switch in this position during normal
operation.
type switch is used for the toggle switch. When switching, do so while pulling the knob forward.
Tilt the switch upward to obtain the ENBL setting and downward to obtain the DSBL setting.
The power distribution board receives a specified

power supply at the power supply input terminals,
and outputs it through a noise filter to the power
supply output connectors.
• To turn off the power to the cards,

disconnect the power supply output
connectors (CN1 and CN2) on the power
distribution board.
• TM1 terminals:M4 screw terminals for power

supply input
L: Ungrounded
N: Grounded
Ground: Protective grounding
terminal
• CN1 connector: Power supply output

connector: Connect the cable from the left-
side power supply unit of a duplexed FCU.
• CN2 connector: Power supply output connector.

Connect the cable from right side power supply unit.

The power supply unit converts the main AC voltage into an isolated
DC voltage for distribution to cards and units mounted in the Field
Control Station.
The maintenance connector (CHK) is used by a service engineer
during maintenance work. Do not use this connector during normal
operations.

The battery unit provides a back up of 72 hours. The battery life
changes according to the ambient temperature.
• Three years if the average ambient temperature is 30

degree or less.
• One year and a half if the average ambient temperature is 40

degree or less.
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• Nine months if the average ambient temperature is 50 degree or less.

4.1.3 Application Capacity of KFCS
ITEMS MAX. KFCS CAPACITY
No. of I/O units 80

Process I/O Total no. of contact (Digital) I/O
points 4096
Communication
I/O Number of data (in 16-bit units) 4,000
No. of annunciator message

outputs 1000

message, operator guide,
Message Outputs message request, event) 2200
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4.2 Compact Field Control Station for FIO -

FFCS
FFCS supports Field Network I/O referred to as FIO. FFCS consists of Field Control Unit (FCU),
Node Interface Unit (NIU), ESB Bus and ER Bus. The FCU is a very compact unit and can also
accommodate I/O modules.
The FFCS can support up to 3 node interface units in addition to the FCU. Up to 8 I/O modules
can be installed in each node interface unit.
4.2.1 Dual Redundant Configuration of FFCS

For a compact FCS for FIO, a duplexed FCS is provided. The processor module, V net coupler
and power module are all dual-redundant.
If an FIO node unit is added, an ESB coupler module or an ER bus interface module has been
installed. Dual-redundant use in either module is also possible.
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Here, the ESB bus interface modules need to be dual redundant. Even if one side of the module
becomes defective, the control right can be switched without any interruption in control.
• There are two processors on each processor card. Each CPU performs the same control
• If the results agree, then the card is assumed to be normal and the results are
transferred to memory and bus interface card.
• The main memory uses ECC (error-correcting code) which can correct transient
reversed–bit errors.
• If the results from CPU1 and CPU2 does not agree , then the comparator takes this as
“CPU abnormal” and switches to the standby processor card.
• A watch Dog Timer is used to detect if the active processor card is abnormal, which
• The standby processor card is performing the same computations as the active card,
and when it is switched to active status then the results it has just computed are
transferred to the bus interface. There is no interruption in control.
• If a “CPU abnormal” error is detected in a CPU card, a self-diagnostic check is

performed on the card. If the hardware is not abnormal, then the error is treated as a
transient error and the card reverts back from “abnormal” to “standby” status.
• The V net and V net interface are dual redundant.
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4.2.2 Components of FFCS

The table shows the hardware configuration of FFCS single and duplexed configuration. Each
part label is shown in the table. In FFCS single configuration only the VL net coupler units are
redundant.
UNIT NAME SINGLE CONFIGURATION DUPLEXED CONFIGURATION

(AFF50S) (AFF50D)
(100-120 V AC)
(220-240 V AC)

(24 V DC)
Processor Card CP401 ( 1 no.) CP401 ( 2 nos.)
ESB Bus Interface Card EC401 (1 or 2 nos.) EC401 (2 nos.)
ESB Bus Interface Card in local SB401 ( 1 or 2 nos.) SB401 (2 nos.)

node
ER Bus master interface card EB401 (1 or 2 nos.) EB401 (2 nos.)
ER Bus slave interface card EB501 ( 1 or 2 nos.) EB501 (2 nos.)
4.2.2.1 Field Control Unit
The FCU unit for FFCS has 12 slots. The 12th and 11th slot is reserved for power supply unit. The
10th and 9th slot is where the processor card is placed. The processor card comes with the
battery unit placed inside.
The remaining 8 slots can be used for placing the I/O modules. This can be the minimum
configuration of the FFCS.
The FCU unit holds the processor card as well as the I/O modules. Communication is through the
back plate.
In most plants, 8 I/O modules is not sufficient to handle the process I/O. In such a case, a node
interface unit is used along with the FCU. The FCU now accommodates only 6 I/O modules. The
7th and 8th slot is for the ESB bus communication card. This card facilitates the communication
between the node interface unit and the processor card.
Two VL net coupler units are also available for connecting VL net communication cable. VL net is
a coaxial cable which communicates between FCS and HIS.
In addition to this, the FCU also consists of Power I/O terminal to connect the main power for the
FCU and Power distribution unit to distribute power to the Power Supply units.
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4.2.2.2 Node Interface Unit
The node interface units (NIU) for FIO are

signal processing units which convert and
transmit analog or digital process I/O signals
received from the field devices to the FCU.
The FIO nodes can be either local nodes or
remote nodes.
A local node is composed of ESB bus slave
interface module and I/O module while a
remote node is composed of ER bus slave
interface module and I/O module.


This module has an interface master module,
which is installed in the local node and an
interface slave module which is installed in the
remote node. Both modules can be dual redundant.
I/O Module
These modules receive input signals, convert them to appropriate signals required for the CPU
and generate output analog and digital field signals.
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4.2.2.3 Hardware Configuration of Local Node
The node interface unit installed along with the FCU is called a local node. The ESB (Extended
Serial Backboard) bus is the communication bus used in connecting the local nodes. This bus
can be dual redundant.
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FFCS supports a maximum of 3 local nodes. Field inputs and outputs are wired to the IO cards
placed in the main FFCS unit as well as in the nodes. Local nodes communicate to the main FFCS
unit by ESB bus.
ESB (Extended Serial Backboard bus)
• It is a communication bus used in connecting the local nodes, which are installed in the
same cabinet for FCU, with the FCU. This bus can be dual redundant.
• For ESB bus communication, EC401 modules are placed in the main FFCS unit and
SB401 modules are placed in the individual nodes.
• The communication between the main FFCS unit and individual nodes is done by ESB
bus.
• The ESB Bus provides 128Mbps –data transmission rate. The maximum length of ESB
Bus is 10m and minimum distance is 20cm.
4.2.2.4 Hardware Configuration of Remote Node
called as a remote node. The ER (Enhanced Remote) Bus is the communication bus used in
connecting the remote nodes with the FCU by means of the ER bus interface module installed on
the local node.
FFCS supports a maximum of 3 remote nodes. Field inputs and outputs are wired to the IO cards
placed in the remote nodes. Remote nodes communicate to the main FFCS unit by ER bus.
ER bus (Enhanced Remote Bus)
• It is a communication bus used in connecting the remote nodes with the FCU by means of
the ER bus interface module installed on the local node.
• This bus can also be dual-redundant. Using this bus, the nodes can be installed in the
same cabinet for FCU or at locations away from the cabinet.
• For ER bus communication, EB401 modules are placed in the main FFCS unit and EB501
modules are placed in the individual remote nodes.
• The communication between the main FFCS unit and individual nodes is done by ER bus.
• The maximum transmission distance is 185 meters using a Ethernet compatible 10 BASE-
2 coaxial cable or 500 meters using a 10 BASE-5 coaxial cable, or up to 2 kilometers
using general purpose optical bus repeaters.
• Up to 3 remote nodes can be installed on a FFCS.
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Processor card performs calculations and control computations. The processor card type is:
CP401 32MB RAM.
Status Lamps
HRDY: If the processor card
hardware is functioning
normally, the LED turns ON. If
abnormality is found, the light
turns OFF.
RDY: The LED turns ON if both
the hardware and software are
functioning normally. If either
of them is abnormal, the LED
turns OFF.
CTRL: The LED turns ON, on
the processor card that is
active.
COPY: When a processor card
has been replaced or when the
unit is stopped then started
again, the standby-side
processor card automatically
copies the program from the
control-side processor card.
When the copy is in progress
the COPY LED turns ON.
START/STOP: This maintenance switch is used for stopping or restarting the processor card. If
this switch is pressed when the processor card is operating, the processor card stops. The
same switch can be pressed to start a stopped processor card.
CN1 Connector: The connector is used for maintenance purposes only.
Station Address: The address of the FCS is set on the dip switches at the back of the processor
card.
4.2.2.6 Control Bus Coupler Unit

The control bus coupler is where the VL-net is installed into the FCS station. It performs
insulation and level conversion of control bus signals.
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The power distribution board receives external power supply at the power supply input
terminals, and outputs it to the power supply output connectors.
supply unit.
supply unit.
To turn off the power to the cards, disconnect the power supply output connectors (CN1 and
CN2) on the power distribution board.

The battery unit backs up the memory in the processor card during the main power failure. It can
hold the memory for about 72 hours.
If the power failure is more than this specified time, the
FCS has to be loaded off-line. The battery life changes
according to the ambient temperature.
• Three years if the average ambient temperature is

30 degree or less.
• One year and a half if the average ambient

• Nine months if the average ambient temperature

is 50 degree or less.
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4.2.3 Application Capacity of FFCS
MAX. LFCS
ITEMS CAPACITY
No. of I/O units 30
Process I/O
Total no. of contact (Digital) I/O points 1920
No. of message outputs (print message,

Message Outputs operator guide, message request, event) 2200
Function No. of function blocks 2500
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5. FIO TYPE FIELD CONTROL STATION

(FFCS-L)
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5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Concept of Vnet /IP System 61
5.3 Components of FFCS-L 62

5.3.1 Field Control Unit (FCU) 63
5.3.2 Node Interface Unit 64
5.3.3 Hardware Configuration of Local Node 65
5.3.4 Hardware Configuration of Remote Node 66
5.3.5 Processor Card 68
5.3.6 Power Distribution Board 68
5.3.7 Battery Unit 69
5.4 Network Devices 70
5.4.1 Layer 2 Switch 70
5.4.2 Layer 3 Switch 71
5.4.3 Vnet Router (AVR10D) 72
5.5 Application Capacity of FFCS-L 73
5.6 FIO module Series 73
5.6.1 Types of Field Connections 74

5.6.2 I/O Module Isolation Types 74
5.6.3 Analog I/O modules 74
5.6.4 HART Compliant Analog I/O modules 75
5.6.5 Digital I/O modules 75
5.6.6 Communication Modules 76
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5.1 Introduction
Yokogawa has adopted Token Passing Protocol for communicating on the control bus. The
FFCS-L also called as the V net /IP system has been introduced with changes in communication
protocol. The system no longer uses V-net or VL-net communication cable. All the
communication is now through Ethernet network.
V-net/ IP is an Ethernet based 1Gbps network.
Vnet/IP is the new control network which maintains the reliability and real-time capability of V-
net, while adding open performance for links with information systems.
It uses a dual redundant configuration and dual-redundant buses 1 and 2. Control

communication is effected by bus 1. On its bus 2, control communications and open
communications with various Ethernet Standard Protocols are provided. The systems are
connected through a Layer 2 switch as shown.
5.2 Concept of Vnet / IP System

Vnet/IP is a control bus conforming to the IEEE802.3 standard. Line speed is 1Gbps. The Vnet/IP
bus 2 can realize TCP/IP protocol-based communications such as data access, through an
Exaopc OPC interface.
Control Communication: Any communication between the FCS stations or FCS and HIS falls
under this communication. During normal operations, bus-1 caters to this communication.
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Open Communication: Any communication between the HIS stations and packages like OPC,
PIMS falls under this communication. During normal operations, bus-2 caters to this
communication.
In the event of any failure on bus-1, control communications are backed up by bus-2. Sufficient
bandwidths are assured for control and open communications, thereby having no effect on
either communications.
Vnet/IP basic system configuration consists of :
• FFCS-L (AFV10D)
• Layer 2 switch
• Engineering / Operator Station
5.3 Components of FFCS-L

FFCS-L supports Field Network I/O referred to as FIO. FFCS-L consists of Field Control Unit
(FCU), Node Interface Unit (NIU), ESB Bus and ER Bus. The FCU is a very compact unit and can
also accommodate I/O modules.
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The FFCS-L can support up to 3 node interface units in addition to the FCU. Up to 8 I/O modules
can be installed in each node interface unit. If an expansion package is used, up to 14 node
interface units can be supported by FFCS-L.
The table shows the hardware configuration of FFCS-L single and duplexed configuration. Each
part label is shown in the table.
UNIT NAME SINGLE CONFIGURATION DUPLEXED CONFIGURATION

(AFV10S) (AFV10D)
(100-120 V AC)
(220-240 V AC)

(24 V DC)
Processor Card CP451 (1 no.) CP451 ( 2 nos.)
ESB Bus Interface Card EC401 (1 or 2 nos.) EC401 (2 nos.)
ESB Bus Interface Card in local SB401 ( 1 or 2 nos.) SB401 (2 nos.)

node
ER Bus master interface card EB401 (1 or 2 nos.) EB401 (2 nos.)
ER Bus slave interface card EB501 ( 1 or 2 nos.) EB501 (2 nos.)
5.3.1 Field Control Unit (FCU)

The FCU unit for FFCS-L has 12 slots. The 12th and 11th slot is reserved for power supply unit.
The 10th and 9th slot is where the processor card is placed. The processor card comes with the
battery unit placed inside.
RJ45 connector is provided on the card to connect bus 1 and bus 2.The remaining 8 slots can be
used for placing the I/O modules.
This can be the minimum configuration of the FFCS. The FCU unit holds the processor card as
well as the I/O modules. Communication is through the back plate.
In most plants, 8 I/O modules is not sufficient to handle the process I/O. In such a case, a node
interface unit is used along with the FCU. The FCU now accommodates only 6 I/O modules. The
7th and 8th slot is for the ESB bus communication card. This card facilitates the communication
between the node interface unit and the processor card.
In addition to this, the FCU also consists of Power I/O terminal to connect the main power for the
FCU and Power distribution unit to distribute power to the Power Supply units.
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5.3.2 Node Interface Unit

The node interface units (NIU) for FIO are signal processing units which convert and transmit
analog or digital process I/O signals received from the field devices to the FCU.
The FIO nodes can be either local nodes or remote nodes.
A local node is composed of ESB bus slave
interface module and I/O module while a
remote node is composed of ER bus slave
interface module and I/O module.


This module has an interface master module,
which is installed in the local node and an
interface slave module which is installed in the
remote node. Both modules can be dual
redundant.
I/O Module
These modules receive input signals, convert
them to appropriate signals required for the
CPU and generate output analog and digital
field signals.
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5.3.3 Hardware Configuration of Local Node

This type of FCS supports a total of 3 local nodes by default. However the total number of local
and remote nodes that can be connected to the FCU can be expanded to 14 by using Application
Capacity Expansion Package. Maximum of 8 I/O modules can be installed in one node.
Field inputs and outputs are wired to the I/O cards placed in the main FFCS unit as well as in the
nodes.
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Local Node Connection
• Local nodes communicate to the main FCU by ESB bus.
• The ESB (Extended Serial Backboard bus) is a communication bus used in connecting
the local nodes, which are installed in the same cabinet for FCU, with the FCU. This bus
can be dual redundant.
• For ESB bus communication, EC401 modules are placed in the main FCU and SB401
modules are placed in the individual nodes.
• The communication between the main FCU and individual nodes is done by ESB bus.
• When connecting a local node to the FCU, ESB Bus Coupler Module EC401 has to be
installed in the FCU.
• EC401 must be installed in slot no. 7 and slot no. 8 in redundant configuration.
• In single configuration, EC401 must be installed in slot no.7 and slot no.8 should be left
vacant.
• The ESB Bus provides 128Mbps –data transmission rate. The maximum length of ESB
Bus is 10m and minimum distance is 20cm.
5.3.4 Hardware Configuration of Remote Node
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called as a remote node.
The ER (Enhanced Remote) Bus is the communication bus used in connecting the remote nodes
with the FCU by means of the ER bus interface module installed on the local node.
The transmission speed is 10 Mbps and its maximum transmission distance is 185 meters using a
Ethernet compatible 10 BASE-2 coaxial cable. 500 meters can be achieved using a 10 BASE-5
coaxial cable. The bus can run up to 2 kilometers using general purpose optical bus repeaters.
Remote Node Connection
• The ER bus (Enhanced Remote Bus) is a communication bus used in connecting the
remote nodes with the FCU by means of the ER bus interface module installed on the
local node.
• This bus can also be dual-redundant. Using this bus, the nodes can be installed in the
same cabinet for FCU or at locations away from the cabinet.
• For ER bus communication, EB401 modules are placed in the main FCU and EB501
modules are placed in the individual remote nodes.
• The communication between the main FCU and individual nodes is done by ER bus.
• When connecting a remote node to FCU, ER Bus Interface Master Module EB401 has to
be installed in the FCU.
• For single configuration, EB401 should be installed in an odd number slot and the slot to
the right of EB401 card should be left vacant.
To FCU
Local Node (Master)

Com. Card
Com. Card
Com. Card
Com. Card
PSU
PSU
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
ER bus
Remote Node (Slave)

Com. Card
Com. Card
PSU
PSU
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
IOM
Max. 8 Remote Node / ER bus
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ER Bus Specification
• ER bus is based on Ethernet.

• Communication Speed is 10Mbbs
• 8 Remote Node can be connected on one ER bus
• ER bus can be extended through fiber optic (Up to 2km)
5.3.5 Processor Card

Processor card performs calculations and control computations.
The processor card type is: CP451 32MB RAM.
Status Lamps
HRDY: If the processor card hardware is functioning normally,

the LED turns ON. If abnormality is found, the light turns OFF.
RDY: The LED turns ON if both the hardware and software are
functioning normally. If either of them is abnormal, the LED turns
OFF.
CTRL: The LED turns ON, on the processor card that is active.
COPY: When a processor card has been replaced or when the

unit is stopped then started again, the standby-side processor
card automatically copies the program from the control-side
processor card. When the copy is in progress the COPY LED turns ON.
Since FFCS-L sits on an Ethernet network, the Ethernet cables are

connected from the processor card. No additional coupler unit is
required.
BUS 1: RJ45 connector for control communication. Connects to the
bus 1 layer-2 switch.
BUS 2: RJ45 connector for open communication. Connects to the
bus 2 layer-2 switch.
START/STOP: This maintenance switch is used for stopping or

restarting the processor card. If this switch is pressed when the
processor card is operating, the processor card stops. The same
switch can be pressed to start a stopped processor card.
CN1 Connector: The connector is used for maintenance purposes

only.
Station Address: The address of the FCS is set on the dip switches at
the back of the processor card.
5.3.6 Power Distribution Board

The power distribution board receives external power supply at the power supply input
terminals, and outputs it to the power supply output connectors.
supply unit.
supply unit.
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To turn off the power to the cards, disconnect the power supply output connectors (CN1 and
CN2) on the power distribution board.
5.3.7 Battery Unit

The battery unit backs up the memory in the processor card during the main power failure. It
can hold the memory for about 72 hours.
If the power failure is more than this specified time, the FCS has to be loaded off-line. The battery
life changes according to the ambient temperature.
¾ Three years if the average ambient temperature is 30

degree or less.
¾ One year and a half if the average ambient temperature

is 40 degree or less.
¾ Nine months if the average ambient temperature is 50

degree or less.
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5.4 Network Devices

Various network devices are used to connect between Vnet / IP stations and Vnet / IP domains.
Some of the commonly used devices are:
• Layer 2 Switch
• Layer 3 Switch
• Vnet Router
5.4.1 Layer 2 Switch

Devices within a V net/IP domain are connected in the star network using a layer 2 switch of 100
Mbps or 1 Gbps as the central device. Because duplexed V net/IP buses are separated, it is
necessary to install a layer 2 switch in each bus.
Bus 1 caters to control communication and Bus 2 caters to open communication.
Layer 2 switch is a device to connect equipments within the Vnet/IP domain. The layer 2 switch,
unlike a HUB, incorporates functions to send data to the destination terminal equipment only. It
can therefore reduce the traffic within its domain.
Commercially available switches can be used for a layer 2 switch. Vnet/IP uses full-duplex
communication systems so that no collisions occur.
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Specification when Connecting Devices in a Vnet/IP Domain
• Maximum number of Vnet/IP stations ( including V net router) that can be connected : 64.
• Maximum number of other general-purpose Ethernet communication devices (PCs,

routers, etc.): 124.
• Maximum levels of Layer 2 switches can be connected : 7
• Maximum Distance between layer 2 switch and station is: 100 m when UTP (Unshielded
Twisted Pair Cable) is used.
• Maximum Connection distance between layer 2 switches: 5 km when optical fiber is used.
5.4.2 Layer 3 Switch
Vnet / IP domain interconnections are made using commercially available layer 3 switches. This
switch is used to connect two Vnet/IP domains. If the Vnet/IP network consists of multiple
domains, the domains are connected via Layer 3 switch.
This switch has routing functions, allowing a communication frame to be relayed to another
domain with IP address route control. The Layer 3 switch also incorporates the function of
layer2 switch. Therefore, it allows direct connections between Vnet/IP stations and open
communications devices.
Layer 3 switches with high speed communication capabilities are recommended. Commercially
available switches can be used for a layer 3 switch.
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Up to 16 domains can be connected.
Specification when Connecting between Vnet/IP Domains
• Multi-level connection of Vnet/IP domains: Max. 15 levels (16 layers)
• Transmission delay between any domains: 250 msec or less
5.4.3 Vnet Router (AVR10D)

A V net router allows the connection of a Vnet/IP domain to a V net domain. A Vnet/IP domain
cannot be connected directly to Centum-XL or Micro-XL systems.
To connect between a Vnet/IP domain and V net, and between a Vnet/IP domain and a VL net
domain, a V net router is used.
A Vnet Router is a device to connect a Vnet/IP domain and a Vnet domain for relaying control
communications.
Bidirectional data exchanges are possible between the system on a Vnet/IP side connected by a
V net router and the system on a Vnet side.
The router realizes operation and monitoring of a control station in one domain from another
domain. AVR10D is a Duplexed Vnet Router having redundant communication and power supply
modules.
The Vnet Router is a bus converter for connecting a Vnet/IP domain to a Vnet domain. There is
no direct way of connecting Vnet/IP to micro-XL or other non Vnet systems.
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Both the Vnet and Vnet/IP domains are part of 16 allowable Vnet domains. Configuration of the
domains is the same as Vnet domain configuration.
5.5 Application Capacity of FFCS - L

The table shows the application capacity of FFCS-L.
ITEMS STANDARD EXPANDED
No. of I/O units 30 118
Total no. of analog points 480 1280

Process I/O
Total no. of contact (Digital) I/O points 1920 4096

message, operator guide, message
Message Outputs request, event)
2200
5.6 FIO Module Series

The Field Network I/O (FIO) modules are used in the FCS for FIO. They are compact and consist
of the lineup of abundant variety, such as connector types, the isolation types to provide greater
flexibility in field connections.
Advantages of FIO series IOM
• It supports Variety of Field connections.

• I/O modules are available with different isolation types.
• Supports wide range of Installation environment.
• Redundancy is available.
• Provides replacement capability for the existing Centum V, Centum XL and Micro-XL
systems.
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5.6.1 Types of Field Connections
Weidmuller KS cable
terminals adapter MIL
connecto
Field Wiring Using Pressure Clamp Terminals (Weidmuller terminals)

A field signal cable, with its end uncovered, can be connected directly to an analog or digital I/O
module equipped with the pressure clamp terminal block. Two to three signal cables can be
connected for every I/O channel. It is most popular in Europe.
Field Wiring Using KS Cable Interface Adapter

An analog or digital I/O module equipped with the KS cable interface adapter can be connected
with the terminal board using the KS cable and field signal cables are connected to the terminal
board with M4 screws. Same as Yokogawa’s traditional style
Field Wiring Using MIL connector

MIL cable provided by the user is also available for the connection. This is popular in low cost
applications.
5.6.2 I/O Module Isolation Types
FIO series provides I/O modules with different isolation types:
• System-to-signal isolated, channel-to-channel isolated: This provides high noise

immunity.
• System-to-signal isolated, channel-to-channel non-isolated: Suitable for monitoring

points.
• Non-isolated: Low cost solutions for the users
5.6.3 Analog I/O Modules

Non-isolated type
AAI141: 16 Channel Current input,4-20mA (Transmitter power supply)
AAV141: 16 Channel Voltage input, 1-5V
AAV142: 6 Channel Voltage input, -10V to +10V
AAI841: 8 Channel Current input/8 Channel Current output, 4-20mA (Transmitter power
supply)
AAB841: 8 Channel Voltage input/8Channel Current output, 1-5V input/4-20mA output
AAV542: 16 Channel Voltage output, -10V to +10V
AAP149: 16 Channel Pulse Count 0 to 6kHz (Pulse Input Module PM1 Compatible)
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Isolated (between system and field)

AAI143: 16 Channel Current input, 4-20mA (Transmitter power supply)
AAI543 : 16 Ch Current output 4-20mA
AAV144: 16Ch Voltage Input -10V to +10V
AAV544: 16Ch Voltage Output -10V to +10V
AAT141: 16Ch mV,TC input JIS R,J,K,E,T,B,S,N / -100 to +150mV
AAR181: 12Ch RTD JIS Pt100 ohm
5.6.4 HART Compliant Analog I/O Modules
Input Signal from HART Device

Analog Signal
Analog Signal + HART Signal
(Current)
HART Modem
HART Variable
HART I/O Modules

AAI135-H for 8 input, channel isolated
AAI835-H for 4 input / 4 output, channel isolated
AAI141-H for 16 input, non-isolated
AAI841-H for 8 input / 8 output, non-isolated
AAI143-H for 16 input, Isolated
AAI543-H for 16 output, Isolated
ASI133-H for 8 input, IS module (IS refers to Intrinsic Safety)
ASI533-H for 8 output, IS module
Data supported by HART Module

Analog Data : 4 to 20 mA from Device
HART device supports maximum four HART Variable
• PV, Primary Value

• SV, Secondary Value
• TV, Third Value
• FV(4V), Fourth Value
HART Module supports Max 32 HART Variable data
5.6.5 Digital I/O Modules

Generic type
ADV151: 32Ch24VDC input module, Common minus side every 16-channel.
ADV157: 32Ch24VDC input module, Common minus side every 16-channel, Single and
Weidmuller only.
ADV161: 64Ch24VDC input module, Common minus side every 16-channel, MIL type only.
ADV551:32Ch24VDC,0.1A, module, Common minus side every 16-channel.
ADV557: 32Ch24VDC,0.1A, module, Common minus side every 16-channel, Single and
Weidmuller only.
ADV561: 64Ch24VDC,0.1A, module, Common minus side every 16-channel, MIL type only.
ADV851:16ch Input/16ch Output module, 24VDC.
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AC input module
ADV141,16Ch100VAC input module, Common minus side every 8-channel
ADV142,16Ch220VAC input module, Common minus side every 8-channel
Relay output module

ADR541:16Ch Relay output module, Common minus side every 8-channel, 24-100VDC,100-
200VAC,
CENTUM-ST compatible type

ADV859: ST2 compatible -16Ch input,16Ch output
ADV159: ST3 compatible module - 32Ch input
ADV559: ST4 compatible module - 32Ch output
ADV869: ST5 compatible module - 32Ch input, 32Ch output
ADV169: ST6 compatible module - 64Ch input
ADV569: ST7 compatible module- 64Ch output
5.6.6 Communication Modules

Serial Communication Module
ALR111 module for RS232C communication. It has 2 ports with baud rates from 1200bps to
115.2k bps.
ALR121 module for RS422/RS485 communication. It also has 2 ports with baud rates from
1200bps to 115.2k bps.
Ethernet Communication Module

ALE111 module is used for Ethernet Communication -These modules can be installed both in
local and remote nodes.
Foundation Field Bus Communication Module

ALF111 for Field Bus Communication
PROFIBUS-DPV1 Communication Module

ALP111 for Profibus Communication
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6. PROJECT CREATION
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6.1 Project 79
6.2 Creation of Project 79

6.2.1 Name and Position Tab 81
6.2.2 Constant Tab 81
6.2.3 Detailed Setting Tab 82
6.3 FCS Creation 83

6.3.1 Type Tab 83
6.3.3 Network Tab 86
6.3.4 Creation of Additional FCS 87
6.4 HIS Creation 87

6.4.1 Type Tab 87
6.4.3 Network Tab 89
6.4.4 Creation of Additional HIS 90
6.5 Creation of Node 91

6.5.1 Creation of Local Node 91
6.5.2 Creation of Remote Node 93
6.6 Creation of IOM 95

6.6.1 Analog I/O Card Configuration 98
6.6.2 Digital I/O Card Configuration 100
6.7 Project Attribution Utility 102

6.7.1 Types of Project 102
6.7.2 Project Attribution Utility Window 103
6.7.3 Changing Project Attribute 104
6.7.4 Registering a Project 105
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6.1 Project
A Project is the basic unit of the engineering database management. It is a unit in which data of
the FCS and HIS created by the system generation function are managed. All builder files
defined by various builders are managed under the project.
There are three different attributes of a project. They are:
• Default Project
• Current Project
• User-defined Project
Default Project
The default project is created automatically by System View after the system generation function
is installed. The first time engineering work for a project is performed on the default project.
Current Project
When the system generated FCS files are downloaded to the target system the default project is
transformed into a current project. The current project can be downloaded to the target system.
Thus, only one current project can be created on the target system.
User Defined Project

A user-defined project is used when changing the contents of the target system by running a
virtual test.
The user-defined project cannot be downloaded to the target system. Multiple user-defined
projects can be created.
6.2 Creation of Project

A project in CENTUM VP is created under the System View. System View is the primary window
for system generation to display the builder files defined by the user and also to start the builder
for editing.
The System View can be started using either of the following methods:
• From the Tool Button Tool Box
• From the Windows [Start] Menu
The System View can be started from the [Active System View] icon of the Tool Button Tool Box.
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System View can also be started from Windows [START] menu.

Select [Programs] – [YOKOGAWA CENTUM] – [System View] from the windows [Start] menu to
display System View.
When the system does not find any project definition, it automatically prompts for the creation of
a default project. Click on [Yes] to create a new Project. The Project Outline window pops up.
This allows the entry of user name and project information. It is mandatory to enter the project
information details. Click on [OK] to proceed with the creation of project.
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The Create New Project window pops up.
6.2.1 Name and Position Tab
Under this tab the Project name can be entered. The Project name can be an alphanumeric
character of less than eight characters. This would be the main folder of the project under which
all the sub-folders and files are created.
Position:
Under this option the project directory is specified.
The default project path is: Default drive\CENTUM VP\eng\BKProject\
A Project Comment and Alias of Project can be specified if required. The window is as shown in
the image.
6.2.2 Constant Tab

A domain number can be set under the Constant tab while creating a new project.
A default domain number is displayed while creating a new project. This number needs to be
changed only if the domain number specified does not match with the domain of the FCS and
HIS.
A domain number is used to identify each domain in a network. This may be set in the range of 1
to 16. It cannot be changed once set.
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6.2.3 Detailed Setting Tab

Under this tab, the options for Manually Register Engineering Unit Symbol and Manually Register
Switch Position Label can be set.
When the Manually Register Engineering Unit Symbol option is checked, a new engineering unit
needs to be manually registered on the Engineering Unit Symbol builder. When the option is
unchecked, an engineering unit can be automatically registered.
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When the Manually Register Switch Position Label option is checked, a new switch position label
needs to be manually registered on the Switch Position Label builder. When the option is
unchecked, a switch position label can be automatically registered.
Check both the options if a manual registration is required.
Click on [OK] to complete the creation of the Project. The new project YILTRG is now created.
A CENTUM VP minimum project configuration consists of at least one FCS and one HIS. On the
creation of a new project, the system automatically prompts for the creation of a new FCS and
then a new HIS. Additional stations can be created from the System View later.
6.3 FCS Creation

On the creation of a new project, the system automatically prompts for the creation of a new
FCS. In the Create New FCS window that pops up, the FCS creation and settings can be done.
6.3.1 Type Tab
Under this tab, the type of FCS and FCS station address can be set.
Station Type
The type of FCS used in the project is to be selected from the drop down menu. The Station type
AFV10D is selected for YILTRG project.
Database Type
The database type for the FCS is decided according to the control system configured for the
FCS. Different types of database handle different number of function blocks. Once a database
type is defined, the database type cannot be changed. The number and types of function blocks
vary based on the database selected.
Station Address
Station addresses are used to identify the stations on the V net. The station address is
composed of a domain number and a station number.
Domain number: Set the domain number for the FCS. Set the domain number in the range of 1 to
16. The domain number cannot be changed once it is set.
Station number: Station numbers are used to identify the devices in the same domain of the
system. With FCS, the station number is generally set from 1 in ascending order. The station
number may be set for each domain in the range of 1 to 64. The station number also cannot be
changed once it is set.
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Component Number
FCS Cabinet number may be assigned as the Component Number. This helps in specifying
connection origin and connection destination of the wiring. Component number settings are
optional.
Station Comment
If more information about each station is required, the station comment may be input for each
station. The station comment is an optional setting.
Alias of Station
An alias can be used as an alternative of station name. After setting aliases, the stations
displayed on the HIS would be indicated by their aliases. An alias of a station can be defined with
up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
Station Status Display

A window can be designated to display the station status on HIS instead of using the HIS station
status display panel. The name of this window can be designated using up to 16 alphanumeric
characters.
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Upper Equipment Name

The name of the higher-level process equipment group in plant hierarchy can be designated
using up to 16 alphanumeric characters.
6.3.2 Constant Tab

The scan periods and motor control block pulse widths can be set under this tab.
Fast-Scan Period
Fast-Scan Period may be set when fast response is required for process control loops. This can
be set from the Fast Scan option under the Constant tab. Check the Fast Scan option and specify
200 ms or 500 ms as the Fast-speed Scan period. 50 ms or 100 ms can be manually specified.
Medium-Speed Scan Period

Medium-speed scan period may be applied when relatively faster response is required for
process control. Either 200 ms or 500 ms may be specified as the Medium-Speed Scan Period.
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MC Block
Pulse Width: When the MC-2 or MC-3 blocks output signal conversion type is either [2-position
Pulsive Output] or [3-position Pulsive Output], the time span of the contact output signal’s ON
(pulse width) may be set. The range for setting the pulse width is from 1 to 100 seconds. The
default setting is 1 second.
Serial Startup Interval: The serial start function puts the Motor control blocks in the same control
station into groups and starts multiple Motor control blocks in the same group sequentially at a
specified interval when start requests are issued to these blocks simultaneously. The interval
between start up can be specified between 0 and 9999 seconds.
MLD-SW AUT/CAS
Whether to set the cascade (CAS) mode or automatic (AUT) block mode for outputting the result
may be selected for each control station. The default setting is AUT mode.
6.3.3 Network Tab

Under the Network tab, the Control Bus TCP/IP Settings can be set.
Normally there is no need to change the TCP/IP protocol setting for the control bus.
The IP Address is 172. 16. dd. ss.
172: System fixed
16: Identifier showing that the bus type is control bus (fixed)
dd: Domain number
ss: Station number
Click on [OK] to complete the FCS settings and create FCS in the project.
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6.3.4 Creation of Additional FCS
To create more than one FCS, select the Project – right click and select the option Create New –
FCS.
In the Create New FCS window, select the FCS type and the domain number and the station
number.
The rest of the FCS creation procedure remains the same.
6.4 HIS Creation

On the creation of the FCS, the system automatically prompts for the creation of a HIS. The
station type and address can be assigned from the Create New HIS dialog box.
6.4.1 Type Tab
The type of HIS used and the station address of the HIS can be set under this tab.
Station Type
One of the following HIS station types may be specified. There are five different station types for
the HIS as shown below:
• PC with Operation and Monitoring Functions
• LPCKIT Enclosed Display Style Console Type HIS
• YPCKIT Open Display Style Console Type HIS
• LPH21C console type Human Interface station
• HIS-TSE HIS with Server for Remote Operation and monitoring functions
In project YILTRG, the PC with operation and monitoring functions is selected as the Station
Type.
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Station Address
Station addresses are used to identify the stations on the V net. The station address is
composed of a domain number and a station number.
Domain number: Set the domain number for the HIS. Set the domain number in the range of 1 to
16. The domain number cannot be changed once it is set.
Station number: Station numbers are used to identify the devices in the same domain of the
system. With HIS, the station number is generally set from the maximum number in descending
order. The station number may be set for each domain in the range of 1 to 64. The station
number cannot be changed once it is set.
All the remaining property of the HIS remains the same as that of FCS property.
6.4.2 Constant Tab

Under the Constant tab, the Buzzer ACK ID can be set. This is an ID that allows buzzers on other
HIS with the same buzzer ACK ID to be reset when a buzzer is acknowledged on one HIS. The
buzzer ACK ID can be set with up to eight single-byte characters. The default setting is
DEFBUZZ.
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Operation Group Identifier
The operation group identifier is used for identification, when different operation groups exist.
Up to eight single-byte characters may be used for an identifier. The default setting is [A1].
6.4.3 Network Tab

Under the Network Tab the following HIS settings can be done.
Control Bus Host Name

The control bus host name is automatically determined according to the bus type, domain
number and station number. In normal situations, the automatically determined host name is to
be used.
Mddss
M: Identifier indicating that the bus type is control bus (fixed)
dd: Domain number specified during project creation
ss: Station number specified during HIS creation
Control Bus IP Address

The IP address on the control bus is used to logically identify the HIS for communication among
HIS on the control bus. The IP address on the control bus is automatically determined according
to the bus type, domain number and station number. In normal situations, the automatically
determined setting is to be used.
172.16.dd. ss
172: System fixed
16: Identifier showing that the bus type is control bus (fixed)
dd: Domain number specified during HIS creation
ss: Station number specified during HIS creation
Control Bus Subnet Mask

The control bus subnet mask is set to “255.255.0.0” by default. In normal situations, this default
setting is to be used.
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Ethernet TCP/IP Settings

Normally, there is no need to specify the Ethernet TCP/IP.
Ethernet Host Name

The Ethernet Host Name would be automatically determined according to the bus type, domain
number and station number.
Eddss
E: Identifier indicating that the bus type is Ethernet (fixed)
dd: Domain number specified when HIS was created
ss: Station number specified when HIS was created
Ethernet IP Address
Ethernet IP address is used to logically identify the HIS connected to the Ethernet. The Ethernet
IP address is automatically determined according to the bus type, domain number and station
number. In normal situations, the automatically determined setting is to be used.
172.17.dd. ss : Ethernet IP address
172: System fixed
17: Identifier showing that the bus type is Ethernet (fixed)
dd: Domain number specified during HIS creation
ss: Station number specified during the HIS creation
Ethernet Subnet Mask:

The Ethernet subnet mask is set to “255.255.0.0” by default.
Click on [OK] to complete the HIS settings and create HIS in the project.
6.4.4 Creation of Additional HIS

To create more than one HIS, select the Project – right click and select the option create new –
HIS.
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In the Create New HIS window, select the HIS Station Type and the domain number and the
station number. The rest of the HIS creation procedure remains the same.
6.5 Creation of Node

The node units are signal processing units which convert and transmit analog or digital process
I/O signals received from the field devices to the Field Control Unit where the processor resides.
It acts as an interface that converts process field equipment input/output signals to data that can
be processed within the system.
Node units can be classified into two types: local nodes, which are directly connected to the
Field Control Unit, and remote nodes, which can be placed in remote locations through the use
of a remote bus (ER bus).
Let us now understand the creation of a local node and a remote node. All the Node Interface
Units can be created under the IOM (Input Output Module) folder of the FCS.
6.5.1 Creation of Local Node
Select the IOM folder under the FCS created, right click and select the option Create New –
Node.
In the New FIO Node window that pops up the node settings can be done.
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Node Type
Two selections, Local and Remote,
are available. Specify the type of
node to be created. The first node
would always be a local node and
cannot be a remote node.
Node Number
The node number is used to identify a node unit. The
maximum number of nodes that can be created varies
depending on the type of FCS selected.
Remote Master Specification

This specification is disabled and need not be set for a
local node.
Power Supply Unit

The first node houses the processor card and hence the power supply settings are set on the
creation of the FCS. If a Duplexed Field Control Unit is selected, the Power Supply Unit is dual
redundant by default. It cannot be changed.
For the subsequent nodes the Power Supply settings can be set as
required.
Power Supply Redundancy

Whether or not to make the power supply unit of the node dual-
redundant may be specified here. The check box may be selected
to make the power supply unit dual-redundant.
Power Supply Capacity
The power supply unit has two options, 80W or 40W. When using
80W power supply unit, up to six modules which can supply power
to field transmitter can be installed in one node unit. If 40W power
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supply unit is used, external power supply is required when the I/O modules are providing power
to the field transmitters.
Select the settings as required.
Component Number
The component number may be specified within eight single-byte characters. The component
number is a number assigned to a cabinet that houses an FCS. This number is used to indicate
the connecting source and destination of each cable when cables are wired. The specification of
the component number may be omitted.
Node Comment
A comment on the node within 24 single-byte or 12 double-byte characters may be specified
here. The specification of the node comment may be omitted.
Click on [OK] to complete the node settings and create a local node.
6.5.2 Creation of Remote Node
A remote node can be created only if the remote node communication card is created in the
local node.
Select any of the local nodes created and right click and select Create New-IOM.
It is necessary to define an EB401 (ER bus interface master module) in the local node. The
creation of remote node would be possible only after the creation of ER bus interface master
module.
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To create, select the Category as [Remote Node Communication] and select the card type as
EB401. Specify the slot number where the card has to be installed.
Click on [OK] to create the EB401 card.
Once the remote node communication card is created, the remote node can now be created.
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To create the remote node, select the IOM folder, right click and select Create New – Node.
Under the New FIO Node window that opens, select the type as Remote. The Remote Node
master indicates the position of the remote node master communication card. In the example
shown, the remote node 2 communicates with the FCU through the EB401 card placed in Node 1
and Slot 7.
Click on [OK] to complete the creation of remote node.
6.6 Creation of IOM

Process inputs/outputs signals are exchanged between field equipment and an FCS via the I/O
cards placed in the node interface unit. These signals are used as input/output signals for the
regulatory control, arithmetic calculation and sequence control.
There are three types of process inputs/outputs:

• Analog input/output
• Digital input/output
• Communication input/output
The above mentioned process signals are connected to the FCU via Input Output Modules.
Let us now look at the steps to create I/O cards depending on the type of process inputs and
outputs.
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Select any of the nodes created, right click and select Create New – IOM. In the Create New IOM
window that opens, the type of I/O card required and the slot position of the card needs to be
set.
Type and Position Tab

The type of I/O card and its installation position is set under this tab.
Category
The drop down box lists all the different types of I/O cards supported by the FCS. In the example
image shown the category is selected as Analog Input/Output.
Type
Once the category is selected, the Type lists all the different I/O cards available under the
selected category. In the example image shown an AAB841-S is selected.
Installation Position
The slot number of the installed card is specified. The installation slot number may vary from 1 to
8.
Duplicate Next Card
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A redundant I/O card configuration can be achieved by checking the Duplicate Next Card option.
Duplication is possible only if the I/O card is placed in an odd numbered slot. The immediate next
slot is reserved for the redundant card.
Any settings required are done in the active card. The settings done in the active card is
automatically copied on to the redundant card.
Output Type
Output type can be specified to the analog input/output modules and analog output modules.
Output in a lump: When this option is checked the I/O card outputs the signals when all highest
scan function blocks in the FCS complete their processing.
Output immediately: When this option is checked the I/O card outputs the signals when the
connected function block is performing output process.
The default setting is [Output in a lump].
High Speed Read
When this option is checked, CPU reads the data at high speed from the I/O module. This option
is not checked by default.
IOM Comment
Up to 24 alphanumeric characters or up to 12 double-byte characters can be put as IOM
comment text. The IOM comment may be omitted.
Click on [OK] to create the I/O card. A Digital Input or a Digital Output card can be created
following the same procedure as an Analog card.
A Digital Input card can be selected from the Status Input category. Select the required type of
card, the Installation position and click on [OK]. The Digital Input card is now created.
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A Digital Output card can be selected from the Status Output category. Select the required type
of card, the Installation position and click on [OK]. The Digital Output card is now created.
The cards created have to be configured for the channel settings.
6.6.1 Analog I/O Card Configuration

Each I/O channel can be configured from the IOM Builder. Double click on the created analog I/O
card to assign the channels.
In the IOM builder that opens the channel settings can be done. Let us now understand the
settings in the Analog I/O card.
Terminal
A terminal of a process I/O is numbered in accordance with its physical position and the I/O
module location.
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The format of a terminal number is as follows:

%Znnusmm
%Z: Identifier of process I/O (Fixed)
nn: Node Number. This identifies the node unit in which the I/O card is placed. For an
AFV10D the node number can be from 01 to 15.
u : Unit Number. This identifies the slot in which the I/O card is placed. The slot number
can be between 01 to 08.
s : For a Field bus communication module, s stands for segment number (1-4). For all the
other I/O modules s is fixed at 1.
mm: Channel Number (01 - 64). This number signifies the channel in the I/O card.
Service Comment
A string of up to 40 alphanumeric characters or 20 double-byte characters can be entered. The
setting of the service comment may be omitted.
High / Low range and Unit

The lower and upper limit values of the measurement range of the terminal are set with IOM
Builder. The values that can be selected as the lower and upper limits of the range vary
depending on the I/O module type, signal conversion type and terminal position.
The unit of the signal can also be set in the IOM builder. For most cards these values are fixed
and cannot be changed.
Set Details
The detailed setting of the I/O module can be carried out in the IOM Builder. The items that can
be set vary depending on the I/O module type.
For example, in AAB841 the output points can have either direct or reverse setting. If direct is
set, when the output reads 0% the current output to the valve would be 4mA and 100% implies
20mA. If reverse is set, when the output reads 0% the current output to the valve is 20mA and
100% implies 4mA.
P & ID Tag Name

A string of up to 16 alphanumeric characters or 8 double-byte characters can be entered. The
setting of the P&ID tag name may be omitted.
Label
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User-defined labels can be set for terminals under this option. This can be used in the control
drawings instead of system defined terminal names, which would be difficult to remember. Up to
16 byte alphanumeric characters can be entered. The setting of the user-defined label may be
omitted and in such case the terminal name should be used in the control drawing.
The following shows the specification format of the user-defined label:
%%Mnnnn
%%: Unique to the system
M: The third character must be an uppercase character (A to Z).
nnnn: The fourth and subsequent characters must be within 13 characters in a combination of
uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters (A to Z, a to z, and 0 to 9).
Labels set for an analog I/O card is as shown. Once the settings are done, save the settings from
the File – Download option. Now each channel can be identified by the Label given in the IOM
builder. This label shall be used to access the I/O signal into the Control Drawing builder.
6.6.2 Digital I/O Card Configuration

Each I/O channel can be configured from the IOM Builder. Double click on the created I/O card to
assign the channels.
In the IOM builder that opens, the channel settings can be done. Let us now understand the
settings in the Digital I/O card.
Terminal
A terminal of a process I/O is numbered in accordance with its physical position and the I/O
module location.
The format of a terminal number is as follows:
%Znnusmm
%Z: Identifier of process I/O (Fixed)
nn: Node Number. This identifies the node unit in which the I/O card is placed. For an
AFV10D the node number can be from 01 to 15.
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u : Unit Number. This identifies the slot in which the I/O card is placed. The slot number
can be between 01 to 08.
s : For a Field bus communication module, s stands for segment number (1-4). For all the
other I/O modules s is fixed at 1.
mm: Channel Number (01 - 64). This number signifies the channel in the I/O card.
Mode
The operation mode for each terminal is set with IOM Builder. The selection list of the point
modes varies depending on the I/O module type.
The table lists the correspondence between the I/O module

types and modes.
P&ID Tag Name

A P&ID tag name of up to 32 characters can be specified in the IOM Builder. This setting is
optional.
Tag Name
A string of up to 16 byte characters can be entered for the tag name. This can be used in the
control drawings instead of system defined terminal names, which would be difficult to
remember.
Tag Comment
A string of up to 24 byte characters or 12 double-byte characters can be entered. The setting of
the tag comment may be omitted.
Switch Position Label

The switch can have a maximum of four buttons, where each button can have a label. The input
format of the switch position label is s shown.
<Label 1>, <Label 2>, <Label 3>, <Label 4>
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The desired switch position label can be selected from the selection list menu. Or, they can also
be entered directly. When entering a label name directly, a string of up to 8 byte-characters or 4
double-byte characters can be used for each label.
Label
The display directions of the buttons in the instrument diagrams can be set here.
Once the settings are done, save the settings from the File – Download option.
6.7 Project Attribution Utility

The Project’s Attribution Utility is an engineering tool that makes it convenient to:
• Register a project created from other PC
• To change a project’s properties
• To remove the registration of a project
6.7.1 Types of Project

CENTUM VP provides three different types of Project:
• Default Project
• Current Project
• User Defined Project
Default Project
The default project is automatically created when the System View is started for the first time.
Once all the system generation is carried out using the default project and the FCS is off-line
loaded, this default project is converted to a current project automatically. If a project is defined
as a default project, on-line functions cannot be performed unless it is converted into a current
project. With a default project, virtual test function can be performed.
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Current Project
When a FCS is off-line loaded using a default project, the default project is automatically
converted into a current project. This allows on-line functions to be performed. Both default and
current project cannot co-exist. The image of the current project components is same as the
actual components installed in the network. Hence, only one current project can exist.
User Defined Project

A project copied from a default or a current project is referred as a user-defined project. There
could be many user-defined projects assigned in the System View. On-line functions cannot be
performed from a user-defined project. A virtual test function can be performed with this type of
a project.
6.7.2 Project Attribution Utility Window

Let us now understand the use of Project Attribution Utility Window. Before the Project
Attribution Utility is started, the System View has to be closed.
The Project Attribution Utility can be opened from [Start] – [Programs] – [YOKOGAWA CENTUM]
– [Project Attribution Utility].
In the window that opens, the type of project created and the location of the project is shown.
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Register Tab
This tab is used to register a new project in the System View. A network path for the project
folder can be specified.
Change Tab
Using this tab, project attribute can be changed to one of the three types – Default project,
Current project or User-defined project.
Delete Tab
Using this project registration can be deleted. This does not delete the project folder from the
hard disk. The project is deleted only from the System View.
6.7.3 Changing Project Attribute

To change the Project Attribute, select the Project created and click on the [Change] tab. In the
Changing Attribute window, select Current Project and click on Apply.
The Project Attribute is now changed to Current Project.
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6.7.4 Registering a Project

A new project can be registered into the System View from the Project Attribution Utility.
To register a new project into the System View, click on [Register] and in the Registration of
Project window, select the path where the project is stored.
Select the Project to be registered and specify the Project Attribute. Click on [OK] to complete
the registration of a new project.
When more than one project is registered in the System View, one of the projects would be a
User-defined project.
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7. CREATION OF CONTROL LOOPS - I
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7.1 Creation of Open Loop 108

7.1.1 Function Blocks for Open Loop 108
7.1.2 Steps for Creation 108
7.1.3 Execution of Control Loop 110
7.2 Creation of Closed Loop 111

7.2.1 Function Blocks for Closed Loop 111
7.3 Creation of Cascade Loop 114

7.3.1 Function Blocks for Cascade Loop 115
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7.1 Creation of Open Loop

Let us now understand the creation of a simple open loop. In an open loop the reading from the
transmitter is displayed on the HIS. No control action is taken.
7.1.1 Function Blocks for Open Loop

An open loop can be created using a PIO block and PVI function block.
PIO [Process Input/Output] Function Block

This function block links the process I/O signal from the I/O card to the function block connected.
PVI [Process Variable Indicator] Function Block

This function block displays an input signal from the I/O modules or from the other blocks as
process variable (PV). It can also output the process variable (PV) from the OUT terminal. This
block is normally used only for indicating the process variable.
7.1.2 Steps for Creation

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a simple open loop. The four major icons widely used
in the control drawing builder are Reset Pointer, Function Block, Wiring and Text icons.
Click on the Text icon, drag it on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on
the Reset Pointer again to come out of the Text option.
Step 2
Now click on the Function Block icon. From the Select Function Block list, select Link block and
select PIO. Click on [OK]. Single click on the Control Drawing builder to transfer the PIO block on
the drawing pane. Enter the Label. The label should be a label entered in the I/O card.
Click on the reset pointer to come out of the function block option. Move the PIO block to the
required position.
In the example image shown the label is %%IFT001, which is an analog input channel.
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Step 3
Select the PVI block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Input Indicators. Click on the drawing
pane and enter a Tag Name to the function block. In the example image shown the tag name is
given as FT001INDI.
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Step 4
Click on the wiring icon to select the wiring option. Single click at the input I/O connection
terminal and double click at the output I/O connection terminal to complete the wiring.
Step 5
Save the Control Drawing done from the File-Download option.
7.1.3 Execution of Control Loop

The field value can now be viewed on the faceplate of tag FT001INDI. Call the faceplate from the
Browser Bar to view the field signal.
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7.2 Creation of Closed Loop

In a closed loop, the reading from the transmitter is taken for control calculation. The control
calculation is done through a PID block. The transmitter converts the process input into a 4-
20mA current signal. This signal is given as input or process variable (PV) to the controller. The
desired value is given as the set point or set variable (SV) to the controller. The function of a
controller is to match the PV with the SV and make the deviation zero. In order to achieve this,
the controller checks the deviation continuously (DV=PV-SV) and tries to make the deviation
zero. The controller generates the output or the manipulated variable (MV) based on the
deviation. The generated MV is also in terms of 4-20mA current signal.
7.2.1 Function Blocks for Closed Loop

For a simple closed loop, the function blocks required are:
PIO [Process Input/Output] Block

This function block links the I/O signal to the Control Drawing builder.
PID [Proportional-Integral-Derivative] Function Block

The PID Controller Block (PID) provides the most general control function to perform
proportional-integral-derivative control based on the deviation of the process variable (PV) from
the set point value (SV).

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a simple closed loop.
the Reset Pointer to come out of the Text option.
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Step 2
select PIO. Click on [OK]. Single click on the Control Drawing builder to transfer the PIO block on
the drawing pane. Enter the Label. The label should be a label entered in the I/O card.
Click on the reset pointer to come out of the function block option. Move the PIO block to the
required position.
In the example image shown the label is %%ILT001, which is an analog input channel.
Step 3
Select the PID block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Controllers. Click on the drawing pane
and enter a Tag Name to the function block.
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In the example image shown the tag name is given as LC001.
Step 4
The output of the PID function block is to be sent to the field. This is again connected using PIO
function block. This block links the output of the PID controller to the I/O card.
Step 5
Select the wiring icon and wire the blocks according to signal flow. Click on File – Download to
save the control drawing developed.
The image shows some of the closed loops that are created.
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On the faceplate of the PID controller the process value (PV) from the field is displayed. The set
value (SV) needs to be manually entered by the operator. During normal operations, the PID
controller is in the AUT mode.
In the Auto mode the system automatically calculates the manipulated value (MV). This is the
output going to the Final Control Element.
7.3 Creation of Cascade Loop

Cascade Control has a multiple loop structure, where the output of the controller in the outer
loop (primary or master) is the set point of a controller in the inner loop (secondary or slave).
The slave measurement is an intermediate process variable that can be used to achieve more
effective control of the primary process variable. In the cascade configuration, the process is
divided into two parts and therefore two controllers are used but only one process variable is
manipulated.
Cascade Control is advantageous on applications where the primary variable has a large dead
time or time lag and the time delays of the secondary variable are smaller.
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7.3.1 Function Blocks for Cascade Loop

For a simple cascade loop, the function blocks required are:
PIO [Process Input/Output] Block

This function block links the I/O signal to the Control Drawing builder.
PID [Proportional-Integral-Derivative] Function Block

The PID Controller Block (PID) provides the most general control function to perform
proportional-integral-derivative control based on the deviation of the process variable (PV) from
the set point value (SV).

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a simple cascade loop.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select the PID block. Connect the function blocks accordingly.
Click on File - Download to save the control drawing.
In the example image shown, level is the primary variable while flow is the secondary variable.
LC100 is the primary controller and FC100 is the secondary controller.
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Call the faceplates from the Browser Bar. During normal operation, secondary controller FC100
is to be in Cascade mode and primary controller LC100 is to be put in Auto Mode.
Primary Direct Mode (PRD)

In PRD mode, the output of the secondary controller is bypassed. The output of the primary
controller is directly sent as output to the final control element. The PRD mode can be set from
the tuning window of the secondary controller.
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8. INSTRUMENT FACEPLATE
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8.1 Instrument Faceplate 119
8.2 Calling Instrument Faceplate 120

8.2.1 Calling Instrument Faceplate from NAME Icon 120
8.2.2 Calling Instrument Faceplate from Window History Tool Box 121
8.3 Components of Instrument Faceplate 121

8.3.1 Comment Display Area 122
8.3.2 Status Display Area 122
8.3.2.1 Tag Mark 122
8.3.3 Parameter Display Area 123
8.3.4 Instrument Display Area 124
8.3.5 Operation Mark 124
8.3.6 Data Entry Dialog Call Button 125
8.4 Operations on Instrument Faceplate 125

8.4.1 SV Operation 125
8.4.2 Block Mode Change Operation 126
8.4.3 Data Entry Operation 127
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8.1 Instrument Faceplate

The Instrument Faceplate indicates the status of a function block in the form of a window. The
instrument faceplate displays the status and data of a function block, an instrument or contact
I/O graphically and compactly on a window.
When an instrument is created in the engineering builder, the instrument faceplate window
automatically gets created depending on the type of the instrument. The Instrument Faceplate is
used not only for monitoring but also for changing or setting of parameters and changing modes
by operating the instrument faceplate.
The figure below shows examples of various Instrument Faceplates.
The faceplates of the function blocks are classified into various display types. The display types
are grouped according to their display characteristics. The display types are:
• Analog type
Such as PID controller block family.
• Discrete type
Such as Three-Position Motor Control Block (MC-3), Switch Instrument Block with 1
Output (SO-1) and Batch Status Indicator Block (BSI).
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• Faceplate block type

Such as Extended 5-Push-Button Switch Block (PBS5C), Triple-Pointer Manual Station
Block (INDST3) and Extended Hybrid Manual Station Block (HAS3C).
• Data display type

Such as Sequence Table Block (ST16).
8.2 Calling Instrument Faceplate

Instrument faceplate window can be called on any window and the instruments can be directly
operated from this window.
8.2.1 Calling Instrument Faceplate from NAME Icon
To call an instrument faceplate, select the NAME Icon. Type the Tag Name of the instrument and
click on Call. The Instrument Faceplate is displayed.
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8.2.2 Calling Instrument Faceplate from Window History Tool Box
The Window History tool box lists up to 30 calls of views or frames or windows. If a faceplate has
already been called, double clicking on the line of the display history log opens the faceplate.
8.3 Components of Instrument Faceplate

The instrument faceplate consists of the following components:
• Comment display area
• Status display area
• Parameter display area
• Instrument display area
• Operation mark
• Data input dialog box call button
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The following section describes each component displayed in the instrument faceplate.
8.3.1 Comment Display Area
The Tag name and Tag comment fall in this area.

Tag Name - The tag name assigned to the function block is displayed on the instrument
faceplate.
Tag Comment - The tag comment assigned to the function block is displayed on the instrument
faceplate. The user can specify a desired tag comment.
8.3.2 Status Display Area
The tag mark, block mode, block status, alarm status, calibration status and alarm ON/OFF
status is displayed in this area.
8.3.2.1 Tag Mark

This mark indicates the tag priority level of the displayed function block. All function blocks are
provided with tag marks to reflect their priority levels. The table shows the relationship between
tag marks and tag priority levels.
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TAG MARK PRIORITY

Important Tag
Ordinary Tag
Auxiliary Tag 1, Auxiliary Tag 2
The display color of the tag mark indicates the alarm status of the function block. The table
shows the relationship between tag mark display colors and alarm status.
COLOR PROCESS STATUS EXAMPLE OF ALARM
STATUS
Blue Alarm Output Off AOF
Red Alarm Occurrence IOP,OOP,HH,HI,LL,LO
Yellow Alarm Occurrence DV,VEL,MHI,MLO
Green Normal NR
White Function Block that has no alarm function -
Gray Communication Error -
8.3.3 Parameter Display Area

The process data of the data items like process value (PV), set value (SV) and manipulated value
(MV) are displayed in this area.
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8.3.4 Instrument Display Area
The Instrument Display Area primarily consists of the Instrument Faceplate Scale. This is a
display scale used for bar graphs and pointers. The high/low limits, reverse scale display, and
the number of divisions of scale can be viewed from here.
8.3.5 Operation Mark
The operation mark is a mark with comment attached to an instrument faceplate. It can
temporarily change the operation status (permission/prohibition) of the instrument faceplate.
When an operation mark is attached to a function block, a colored label is attached to the
instrument faceplate. The operation permission/prohibition status of the instrument faceplate
may be temporarily changed.
Attaching or removing an operation mark may be carried out in the operation mark assignment
dialog box called up from the Tuning view.
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8.3.6 Data Entry Dialog Call Button
The data entry dialog box call button on the instrument faceplate is used to call up the data entry
dialog box. Clicking the button displays the data entry dialog box.
The data entry dialog box is used to change data values displayed on the instrument faceplate.
8.4 Operations on Instrument Faceplate

The following operations may be performed on the instrument faceplates displayed in the active
window:
• SV Operation
• Block mode change Operation
• Data Entry Operation
8.4.1 SV Operation
The set point value can be changed:

• By clicking on the SV pointer
• By clicking on the Set Value in the Parameter display area
• From the data entry dialog box
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8.4.2 Block Mode Change Operation
On clicking the block mode, a dialog box for changing the block mode will be displayed. The
block mode can be changed from here.
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8.4.3 Data Entry Operation

All the other parameters like MV, alarm limits and index limits can be set by the data entry
operation.
Click on the data entry dialog box call button to open the data entry dialog box. Click on ITEM to
select the desired parameter.
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9. SYSTEM DEFINED WINDOWS
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9.1Tuning View 130
9.2 Calling Tuning View 130
9.3 Components of Tuning View 133

9.3.1 Toolbar of Tuning View 133
9.3.2 Parameter Display Area 136
9.4 Alarm Processing 138
9.5 Process Alarm View 138

9.5.1 Types of Process Alarm View 139
9.5.2 Calling Process Alarm View 139
9.5.3 Components of Process Alarm View 140
9.5.4 Toolbar of Process Alarm View 140
9.6 System Alarm View 143

9.6.1 Types of System Alarm View 143
9.6.2 Calling System Alarm View 144
9.6.3 Components of System Alarm View 144
9.6.4 Toolbar of System Alarm View 145
9.7 Process Report View 148

9.7.1 Calling Process Report View 149
9.7.2 Components of Process report View 150
9.7.3 Toolbar of Process Report View 150
9.8 Control Drawing View 152
9.9 Sequence Table View 153
9.10 Logic Chart View 154
9.11 Message Processing 156

9.11.1 Annunciator Message 156
9.11.2 Operator Guide Message 157
9.11.3 Other Messages 157
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9.1 Tuning View

The Tuning view displays a detailed control status for individual function blocks. This window
can be used for monitoring and be used to change tuning parameters.
It can also be used for attaching and removing operation marks. The Tuning view is
automatically created when a function block is created on the Function Block Overview Builder.
9.2 Calling Tuning View

Tuning View can be called on any window and the parameters can be directly set from this
window.
Calling Tuning View from Name Input Tool Box
To call a tuning view, select the NAME Icon. The syntax for calling the tuning view is: TAGNAME
space TUN. The window size can also be specified if required.
In such a case the syntax would be:
• TAGNAME Δ TUN Δ {–SL} to open a large size view
• TAGNAME Δ TUN Δ {–SM} to open a medium size view
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Calling Tuning View from Window History Tool Box

The Window History tool box lists up to 30 calls of views or frames or windows. If a tuning view
has already been called, double click on the line of the display history log to open the tuning
view.
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Calling Tuning View from Faceplate

If the faceplate is already opened, the tuning view can be called from the faceplate. Right click
on the faceplate to open the menu. Select Tuning to open the tuning view.
Calling Tuning View from Tool Button Tool Box
If the faceplate is already opened, the Tuning View can be called from the Tool Button tool box.
Click on the Tuning icon to open the Tuning View. The tuning view of the particular instrument
would be opened.
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9.3 Components of Tuning View

The Tuning View consists of a toolbar, parameter display area, tuning trend display area and
instrument faceplate.
9.3.1 Toolbar of Tuning View
Hard Copy Button

This button outputs the image of the Tuning view currently displayed.
Acknowledge Button
This button acknowledges the alarm generated in the function block that is displayed.
Reserve Button
When this button is pressed down, the tuning trend data continues to be collected
even when the Tuning view is closed; and the tuning trend is displayed when the
Tuning view is called up the next time. This button can be used when the tuning trend
is displayed.
Stop / Resume Button

When this button is pressed down, the tuning trend display pauses. To resume
updating the display, return the button to its original state.
When the button is returned to the original state, the tuning trend display resumes
from the present time.
These buttons can be used to enlarge or reduce the tuning trend

graph display.
Primary Direct Mode Button

Clicking the PRD button changes the function block to the primary direct block mode.
When this button is clicked, a dialog box appears to prompt for the operator’s
confirmation. On confirmation, the block mode changes to PRD.
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Alarm Output Off Button

Clicking this button changes the function block mode to Alarm Output Off (AOF) mode
and suppresses the alarms. When this button is clicked, a dialog box appears to
prompt for operator’s confirmation. To return to the original state, click this button
again.
Calibration Button
Clicking this button may change the data status to calibration status. When this
button is clicked, a dialog box appears to prompt for the operator’s confirmation.
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To return to the original state, click this button again.
When an instrument is put in CAL mode:
• CAL appears on the instrument faceplate.

• The PV bar changes to cyan colour.
• The Instrument automatically comes to MAN mode.
• The actual transmitter input is bypassed.
• PV of the instrument can be changed.
• All the alarms checking on the instrument are bypassed.
Calibration mode can be used when there is a failure in transmitter and the interlocks need to be
sustained.
Calibration mode can be used only if the process is normal and transmitter has failed.
Operation Mark
The operation mark is for notifying the user of function block conditions such as
“equipment maintenance,” “malfunctioning” and “operation prohibited.” By looking at
the instrument faceplate or tuning view the operator can be made aware of the function block
status.
This button calls up the Operation Mark Assignment dialog box.
Clicking on the Operation Mark button opens the Operation Mark Assignment dialog box. The
operation marks created would appear in the dialog box.
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Select Setting, and select the operation mark to be assigned to the instrument faceplate and
click the [OK] button.
Control Drawing Button
Clicking this button calls up the Control Drawing view.
RAW Button
This button calls up a dialog box to display RAW data.
RAW is actual input in terms of %. 4mA from the transmitter will be indicated as 0% input and
20mA from the transmitter will be indicated as 100% input. PV is actual input in terms of
engineering unit.
9.3.2 Parameter Display Area
The present values of the function block parameters are displayed in the parameter display area
of the Tuning view. The types of displayed parameters vary with the type of function blocks.
Only the tuning parameters indicated with a “= “in the tuning view can be changed.
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The Tuning view is used to set up the alarm setting as well as the loop tuning parameters.
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9.4 Alarm Processing

The Alarm Processing is a message processing function performed by the HIS when alarm
occurs during plant operation. The operator can use the issued alarm to determine what action
is to be taken for the abnormality and then process the alarm. The operator can perform an
acknowledgment action for the alarm output.
Types of Alarms
The types of alarm processing performed by the HIS are:
• Process Alarm
The process alarm notifies operator of the occurrence and recovery of abnormality in the
process. The type and contents of the process alarm are predetermined. A process alarm
message is the general term for messages that are output corresponding to the process
alarm.
• System Alarm
The system alarm notifies operator of the abnormalities in the hardware and communication
errors. The type and contents of the system alarm are predetermined. When a system alarm
occurs, the control station outputs a corresponding message.
9.5 Process Alarm View

The Process Alarm view displays process alarms in the order they are generated, starting with
the most recent alarm.
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A Process Alarm view displays process alarm messages and annunciator messages in the order
that the most recent message appears on the top. When an alarm occurs, the icon of the alarm
displayed on the System Message banner will start to blink along with an audible sound to notify
the operator.
9.5.1 Types of Process Alarm View

There are three display sizes for the Process Alarm view:
• Large Size
• Medium Size
• Special Size
On the large and medium-size Process Alarm views, the process alarm messages and
annunciator messages are all listed. The most recent alarm is listed on the top.
On the special-size Process Alarm view, the three most recent process alarm messages are
displayed.
The special-size Process Alarm view is also referred to as the Process Alarm Individual
Acknowledge window.
9.5.2 Calling Process Alarm View

The Process Alarm View can be called from the System Message Banner. Click on the Process
Alarm icon to open the Process Alarm View.
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9.5.3 Components of Process Alarm View

The Process Alarm view consists of a toolbar, message display area and status bar.
9.5.4 Toolbar of Process Alarm View
Print Button
This button prints out all process alarm messages and annunciator messages occurred.
Acknowledge Button
This button acknowledges the process alarm messages and annunciator messages.
“Global acknowledgment” or “individual acknowledgment” can be used to acknowledge the

alarm messages. When global acknowledgment is used, all the unacknowledged alarm
messages can be acknowledged by clicking this button.
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High Priority Button
While this button is pressed down, only the high priority alarms are displayed. All the alarms are
displayed when the button is released.
Current Value Button
Pressing down this button indicates the present process variable of the analog data with the
engineering unit symbol.
The alarm message display is retained for 5 seconds without being updated. Clicking this button
again would restart display update.
Filter Button
This button calls up the Filter dialog box. In the Filter dialog, the filter conditions of the Process
Alarm view, such as displaying the alarms of a specific control station or function block, can be
specified.
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The specified filter conditions are displayed in the status bar of the Process Alarm view.
Window Setup Button
This button calls up the dialog box for setting the display properties in the process alarm view.
The items of the messages to be displayed in the process alarm view are customizable.
SCS Alarm Occurrence Notification Button: When an alarm occurs in Prosafe-RS SCS (Safety
Control Station), the color of the button changes to indicate that the alarm has become active.
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By clicking this button, the alarm messages filtered by the keyword “Safety Control Station”
would be displayed.
9.6 System Alarm View

The System Alarm view is an overview that displays the system alarm messages to notify the
user of system hardware errors (FCS down, card error, etc.) and communication errors. The
System Alarm view displays system alarm messages in the order with the most recent ones first.
When an alarm occurs, the alarm starts to buzz, and at the same time the button in the System
Message banner begins to flash to notify the operator.
9.6.1 Types of System Alarm View
There are three display sizes of System Alarm View:
• Large Size
• Medium Size
• Special Size
In the large and medium sized System Alarm views, the system alarm messages appear in an
overview display.
In the special sized System Alarm view, only the most recent system alarm message appears.
The special sized System Alarm view is referred to as the System Alarm Individual
Acknowledgment window.
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9.6.2 Calling System Alarm View

The System Alarm View can be called from the System Alarm icon in the System Message
Banner.
9.6.3 Components of System Alarm View
The System Alarm view consists of a toolbar, message display area and a status bar.
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9.6.4 Toolbar of System Alarm View
Print Button
This button prints out all system alarm messages that are occurring.
Acknowledge Button
This button acknowledges the process alarm messages and annunciator messages.
“Global acknowledgment” or “individual acknowledgment” can be used to acknowledge the

alarm messages. When global acknowledgment is used, all the unacknowledged alarm
messages can be acknowledged by clicking this button.
Delete Button
Acknowledged system alarm messages are deleted with this button.
System Status Button
This button calls up the System Status Overview. The System Status Overview displays the
statuses of all stations and the communication devices within the domain.
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Help Button
This button calls up the Help window, which explains the system alarm message. Select a
System Alarm Message and click on the Help button. It calls up a help window corresponding to
the selected message.
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The system alarm message display update is retained for 5 seconds.
Filter Button
This button calls up the Filter dialog box. In the Filter dialog, the filter conditions of the System
Alarm view, such as displaying the alarms of a specific control station, can be specified.
The specified filter conditions are displayed in the status bar of the System Alarm view.
Window Setup Button
This button calls up the dialog box for setting the display properties in the system alarm
message window. The items of the messages to be displayed in the System Alarm view are
customizable.
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SCS Alarm Occurrence Notification Button
On clicking this button, the alarm messages filtered by the keyword “Safety Control Station”
would be displayed.
9.7 Process Report View

Process Report view displays an overview of the control station process status. The process
report is to collect information on the system operating status and displays it in a window or
prints to a printer depending on the user’s request. The current status would be displayed or
printed.
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The following two types of reports are available in the Process Report view:
• Tag Report
• I/O Report
9.7.1 Calling Process Report View

The Process Report View can be called from the Tool Button Tool Box. In the Tool Button Tool
Box click on the Process Report icon to view the Process Report View.
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9.7.2 Components of Process Report View

The Process Report view consists of a toolbar, report display area and a status bar.
9.7.3 Toolbar of Process Report View
Print Button
This button prints out the most recent status of the report that is displayed.
Acknowledge Button
This button cannot be used in the Process Report View.
Tag Search Button
This button displays the tag reports that meet the search conditions set in the Tag Report
Search dialog box.
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Tag Search Dialog Button
This button calls up the Tag Report Search dialog box.
A tag report can be searched by station name, tag name or alarm status. The settings required
for search can be set in the Tag Report Search dialog box.
After setting the desired search conditions, click on OK to start the search. The results of the
search would be displayed in the Process Report View.
Click on Reset in the Tag Report Search Dialog box to revert back to the default settings of the
page. This displays all the tags used in the project.
I/O Search Button
This button displays the I/O reports that meet the search conditions given in the I/O Search
dialog box.
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I/O Search Dialog Button
This button calls up the I/O Report Search dialog box.

An I/O report can be searched by station name or element type. The settings required for search
can be set in the I/O Report Search dialog box.
9.8 Control Drawing View

The Control Drawing view displays the function blocks defined in the Control Drawing Builder
and the status and the progress status of that function blocks. Control drawing view displays the
controlling status and connection status of multiple function blocks visually. Control Drawing
View can be called from the Name Input Tool Box.
The syntax to call the Control Drawing View is: Tag Name Δ DRAW.
This opens the Control Drawing View of the tag specified.
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9.9 Sequence Table View

Interlocks in CENTUM VP can be written using either the Sequence Table or the Logic Chart. In
Sequence Table the logic is represented in a tabular form.
Each sequence table consists of, 32 conditions represented by C01 to C32, 32 actions
represented by A01 to A32, 32 rules represented by the number 1 to 32. Each vertical column is
called a rule.
Condition Signal
The condition signal can be Yes or No. Yes is indicated as Y and No is indicated as N.
A true condition is indicated in red color, while a false condition is indicated in cyan color.
Action Signal
The action signal is also Yes or No. Yes is indicated as Y and No is indicated as N. The action
signal is always indicated in cyan color.
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While all the conditions in a rule are satisfied, the action written in the same rule would be
executed. The action signal would not be executed even if any of the condition is not satisfied.
The Sequence Table has to be in the AUT mode for the conditions and actions to be executed.
Calling Sequence Table View

Sequence Table can be called from the Name Input Tool Box.
The syntax for calling is: Tag Name of Sequence Table Δ TABLE.
9.10 Logic Chart View

Interlocks in CENTUM VP can be written using either the Sequence Table or the Logic Chart. In a
Logic Chart the logic is represented using logic gates in graphical form.
Logic Chart consists of input element, output element and logic elements. The total number of
inputs, outputs and logic elements that can be configured in one logic chart is 64. The inputs,
logic elements and the outputs are connected by wiring.
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The wiring color can be changed for representing the true and false condition. A false condition
is indicated in green color while a true condition is in red color.
Calling Logic Chart View from Name Input Tool Box
The syntax for calling Logic Chart View from Name Input Tool Box is: Tag Name of Logic Chart Δ
LOGIC.
Calling Logic Chart View from Tuning View
Logic Chart View can also be called from the Tuning View of the Logic Chart. Click on the Logic
Chart icon to open the Logic Chart View.
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9.11 Message Processing

The message processing feature of CENTUM VP notifies the operator of the status change of
process and system using messages. The software supports various user defined messages.
They are:
• Annunciator Message
• Operator Guide Message
• Print Message
• Sequence Message Request
• Signal Event Message
• Help Message
9.11.1 Annunciator Message

Annunciator message is used to notify the operator of errors in the process. The content of
annunciator messages can be defined in the Annunciator Message Builder.
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The Annunciator message when triggered can be viewed in the Message Display Area and is
also recorded in the Process Alarm View.
9.11.2 Operator Guide Message
Operator guide messages are used to prompt the operator’s acknowledgment for certain
operation during certain progress of the process. Operator guide messages can be defined in
the Operator Guide Message Builder.
The Operator Guide message when triggered can be viewed in the Operator Guide View.
9.11.3 Other Messages

Print messages are used to print out the message to indicate certain timing of the process. Print
messages can be defined in the Printout Message Builder. These messages are printed and
saved in the historical message log file.
Sequence message requests are sent at certain process timing to a HIS to execute Operation
and Monitoring Functions.
Signal event message is used to send text string from sequence table to SFC blocks or unit
instruments.
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10. USER DEFINED VIEWS
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10.1 User Defined Views 160
10.2 Control Group View 160

10.2.1 Creation of Control Group View 160
10.2.2 Tag Assignment 161
10.2.3 Calling Control Group View 163
10.2.4 Creation of 16-loop Control Group View 164
10.3 Overview View 165

10.3.1 Creation of Overview View 165
10.3.2 Overview Assignment 166
10.3.2.1 Overview Tab 167
10.3.2.2 Function Tab 168
10.3.2.3 Assignment Examples 169
10.4 Trend View 174

10.4.1 Structure of Trend Recording 174
10.4.2 Property Settings of Trend View 177
10.4.2.1 Trend Format 177
10.4.2.2 Sampling Period 179
10.4.2.3 Recording Span 180
10.4.3 Trend Pen Assignment 181
10.4.4 Other Station Acquisition Trend 182
10.5 Graphics View 183

10.5.1 Creation of Graphics View 183
10.5.2 Properties of Graphic View 184
10.5.3 Object Building in Graphic Builder 186
10.5.4 Data Character 190
10.5.5 Data Bar 192
10.5.6 Graphic Color Change 192
10.5.7 Touch Target 193
10.5.8 Soft Keys 194
10.5.9 Calling Graphic View 197
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10.1 User Defined Views

CENTUM VP software provides a number of user interface windows for the convenience of
operation and monitoring for the end user. All the user interface windows reside in the HIS.
There can be two types of user interface windows:
• System Defined Windows
• User Defined Windows
System Defined Windows are provided by the CENTUM VP software. Examples of System
Defined Windows are Faceplate, Tuning View, Process Report and Historical Report.
User Defined Windows can be customized to the end user requirements. The User Defined
Windows provided by the CENTUM VP software are:
• Control Group View
• Overview View
• Trend View
• Graphics View
All the User Defined Windows are created under the HIS. The Control Group View, Overview
View and Graphics View are created under the WINDOW folder under the HIS.
10.2 Control Group View

The Control Group View is used to group a maximum of 8 or 16 faceplates for easy operation and
monitoring. CENTUM VP provides a default Control Group builder CG0001. A maximum of 8
faceplates can be grouped and defined in the window. The existing Control Group View CG0001
can be used or a new view can be created.
10.2.1 Creation of Control Group View

To create a new Control Group View, right click on the WINDOW folder and select Create New –
Window.
In the window that pops up, select the Window Type as Control (8-loop) and give a window name.
Window name can be given as CG0002.
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The new Control Group window is now created under the selected HIS.
10.2.2 Tag Assignment

Double click on the builder file CONTROLGROUP to open it.
In the builder file, double click on the faceplate to open the Faceplate Window. In the Faceplate
window that opens, select the [Winforms Control] tab. Under this tab, select the Property Page
option to configure the faceplate.
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Tag Name
In the Faceplate window that opens, assign the Tag Name of the faceplate to be grouped.
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Display Format
Select the Display Format as either Normal Type or Compact Type.
• Normal Type
The entire display contents of the instrument diagram are displayed in full.
• Compact Type
The display contents of the instrument diagram are simplified. In compact type, the digital
display of data is no longer available.
Instrument Diagram Width

This sets whether the instrument diagram is displayed in default width (single-width) or in double
width.
Operation Control Key

The operation key (INC/DEC key) on the console type HIS may be specified for the
corresponding instrument faceplates on the display position 1 to 8.
Click on OK to save the faceplate assignment done.
The same procedure can be repeated for all the faceplates in the builder page. Once the
assignments are done, the settings can be saved from the File- Download option.
10.2.3 Calling Control Group View

The created Control Group View can be called from the Name Input Tool Box. Key in the window
name to open the Control Group View. In the example shown, the window name is
CONTROLGROUP.
Adding or removing a tag from the Control Group View
While operating on the opened Control Group View, if a tag needs to be added or removed
temporarily, it is feasible from the Faceplate Assignment dialog box.
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Click on the Faceplate Assignment icon to open the Faceplate Assignment dialog box. In the
Faceplate Assignment window that pops up, new tag names can be added or existing tag names
can be removed.
This assignment is a temporary option and is valid until the HIS restarts.
10.2.4 Creation of 16-loop Control Group View
A Control Group View (16 – loop) can accommodate 16 faceplates in a single window. Create a
new Control Group window CG0003 by selecting the window type as Control (16-loop).
Assign the faceplates in the Control Group View. The creation procedure is the same as an 8
faceplate Control Group View. Save the assignments done from the File – Download tab.
The Control Group window on calling is as shown. The faceplates in a 16- loop Control Group
window is of compact type.
To view the full length faceplate, double click on the faceplate. This now shows all the
parameters on the faceplate.
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10.3 Overview View

The Overview View acts as an index page to access all the other views or faceplates used in
CENTUM VP. It has 32 operation push buttons or overview tabs which can be configured to call
faceplates and views. CENTUM VP provides a default Overview builder OV0001. The existing
Overview window OV0001 can be used or a new window can be created.
10.3.1 Creation of Overview View

To create a new Overview View, right click on the WINDOW folder and select Create New –
Window.
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In the window that pops up, select the Window Type as Overview and enter the Window Name,
for example OV0002. The new Overview window is now created under the selected HIS.
10.3.2 Overview Assignment

Double click on the file to open the Overview builder. The builder consists of 32 operation push
buttons. Double click on the operation button to open the Overview Assignment window.
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The Overview tab and Function tab are used to assign a function to the operation push button.
10.3.2.1 Overview Tab

• Type
This sets the type of a monitoring target to be assigned to an overview object. [Tag name], [Tag
name (with tag mark)], [Window name], [Annunciator] and [Comment] can be selected as a
monitoring target. The table below lists the types of monitoring targets and the setting items for
each target.
• Alarm Blinking
Checking the [Alarm-specific Blinking] check box will enable the overview objects to indicate the
blinking status of the tag name or the window name, allowing the alarm to be acknowledged.
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• Specify a Font
Checking [Specify font] check box enables to specify font displayed on overview object.
The following three items need to be defined.

• Font type
• Font size
• Font style
10.3.2.2 Function Tab

The Function tab consists of the area used for assigning functions and that for setting the cursor
movement sequence. The setting contents of the area vary with the functions to be assigned.
The Function tab is used to set functions to be assigned to touch targets, push buttons, and soft
keys.
• Types of Assigning Functions

This sets the type of functions to be assigned to an object. Functions such as system function
key function and Graphic window specific function can be assigned. Some functions require
setting on the menu page. The available function types are shown below.
• Call window
• Execute the system function key
• Start/Stop/Restart Trend
• Flash/Light/Turn OFF the LED
• Execute the Program by File Name
• Instrument Command Operation
• Call Data Input Dialog
• Call Menu Dialog
• Data-Item Dependent Menu Dialog
• Execute the Multimedia Function
• Report Printout
• Call Panel set
• Others
• Window Size
This sets whether or not to specify a window size. When specifying a window size, select a
window size from [Large Size], [Medium Size], or [Special Size]. This item may be disabled
depending on the type of the window selected.
• Window Display Position (Specify Coordinate)

This sets the display position of a window to be called. Check the [Specify Coordinate] check
box.
• Window Display Position (Monitor Number)

Windows display position can be specified with a monitor number instead of the coordinates. If
the HIS is installed with multiple monitoring packages, this setting is required. Check [Specify
Monitor No.] check box, and then set the monitor number.
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10.3.2.3 Assignment Examples

Double click on the operation button to open the Overview Assignment window.
Under the Overview Tab, if a tag specific window like faceplate or tuning view needs to be
called, then the Type can be selected as either Tag name or Tag name with Tag mark.
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Let us select the type as Tag Name.
Enter a Tag Name under the Tag Name option.
Under the Function tab, select the Function Type as Call Window. Select the desired type of
window to be called from the Window Name option. Under the Parameter option enter the Tag
Name whose window needs to be called. The assignment is as shown.
This assignment would open the faceplate of tag SSPID, when the operator clicks on the
operation button.
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In the assignment shown, the Window Size and Display Position settings are omitted as they are
optional settings.
Let us assign another operation push button to call the tuning window of tag LC001. Assign the
Overview tab and Function tab as shown.
User defined windows can also be assigned to operation buttons. Let us now assign a Control
Group window.
Click on the operation button to open the assignment window. Under the Overview tab, select
the type as View name and assign as shown. Under the Function tab, assign the function
required. The assignment would appear as shown.
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System defined views like process report, historical report or station status can also be called
from the operation buttons. For assigning system defined views, select the Type as Comment
under the Overview tab. Under the Function tab, assign the function required. The assignment
would appear as shown.
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Command to turn ON digital outputs or writing a set value to a PID controller can also be done
from the Operation push buttons. The function used for this assignment is the Instrument
Command Operation. The assignment is as shown.
Save all the settings from the File-Download tab.

Call the Overview View from the Name Input Tool Box. The Views can be opened by double
clicking on the operation buttons.
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10.4 Trend View

The Trend view can be used for displaying various graphs of process data changed along with
time axis. The change of process data with respect to time is referred to as trend data. On a
Trend view, up to 8 trends of process data can be displayed.
10.4.1 Structure of Trend Recording
By using the Trend Recording function, process data such as temperature, pressure and flow
rate coming into the Control Station are gathered by the HIS, and the time-series changes in the
process data are displayed as a graph (trend graph).
The trend recording consists of:

¾ Trend data acquisition
¾ Trend data display
¾ Closing processing
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The Trend Recording has a three-layer structure:

¾ Trend Block
¾ Trend Group
¾ Trend Pen
Acquired trend data can be displayed as graphs in the Trend View and the Trend Point View.
CENTUM VP provides for up to 50 blocks of trend per HIS. Each block in turn consists of 16
groups or 16 trend views. Under each group, up to 8 trend data can be assigned. Thus the trend
data for up to 6400 pen can be recorded.
TREND BLOCK
The type of trend data acquisition and sampling period are specified for each trend block in the
builder. Of the 50 trend blocks, 26 blocks can be defined as the trend format of “Continuous-
Rotary Type”, “Batch-Stop Type” or “Batch-Rotary Type”.
The remaining 24 trend blocks can be defined as the reference of the trend data acquired by
other HIS.
TREND VIEW
Eight pens of trend data can be assigned to a Trend View. A trend block has 16 trend views.
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TREND POINT VIEW

The Trend Point view is called up from the Trend View and displays data for a single trend pen.
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10.4.2 Property Settings of Trend View
CENTUM VP provides 8 blocks of Trend by default. A Trend window can be configured in any of
the Trend blocks available under the CONFIGURATION folder of the HIS.
Select a block and select the Properties option to configure the block.
The Properties window indicates the block number of the trend by default.
The Trend Format and Sampling Period needs to be set.
If the trend data needs to be saved, a Long-term Data Save can also be specified.
10.4.2.1Trend Format
Trend data acquisition can be specified for the following 4 types:
¾ Continuous-Rotary Type
¾ Batch-Stop Type
¾ Batch-Rotary Type
¾ Other-Station-Reference type (Other Station Acquisition Trend)
Continuous-Rotary Type
In this type, the trend data are acquired constantly.
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After the HIS is started, the data acquisition is started automatically and continued until the HIS
is shutdown. The acquired data will be retained even if the HIS is shutdown.
After the maximum number of samples is reached, the data acquisition continues by overwriting
the oldest data with new data.
Batch-Stop Type
Using this type, trend data acquisition starts and stops according to the received commands. If
no stop command is received, the data acquisition will stop automatically after acquiring the
maximum number of samples.
Batch-Rotary Type
Using this type, trend data acquisition starts and stops according to the received commands.
Once started, the data acquisition continues until a stop command is received. If the maximum
number of samples is reached before receiving a stop command, older data are overwritten with
new data.
Other-Station-Reference Type (Other Station Acquisition Trend)
Using this type, the trend data acquired by other HIS are referenced in trend block units.
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Select the desired Trend Format. Let us select Continuous and Rotary Type.
10.4.2.2 Sampling Period
The sampling period of trend data is defined for each trend block in the Properties sheet of the
Trend Acquisition Pen Assignment Builder.
The sampling period for the trend blocks can be:

¾ 1 second
¾ 10 seconds
¾ 1 minute
¾ 2 minutes
¾ 5 minutes
¾ 10 minutes
The number of trend blocks that can be specified for the sampling periods of 1 minute, 2
minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes is 18 in total.
The number of trend blocks that can be specified for the sampling periods of 1 second or 10
seconds is 8 in total.
Let us select the sampling period as 1 second.
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10.4.2.3 Recording Span
The Recording Span is determined by the specified sampling period. The recording span is the
time taken to acquire data for the maximum number of samples with the specified sampling
period. The maximum number of samples is 2880 (fixed).
The total recording span for each sampling period is as shown in the table.
SAMPLING PERIOD TOTAL RECORDING TIME

(2880 samples / pen)
1 second 48 minutes
10 seconds 480 minutes (8 hours)

1 minute 48 hours ( 2 days)
2 minutes 96 hours (4 days)
If a Long Term Data Save is required, specify the number of days. Once all the settings are done,
click on OK to apply the settings to the Trend Block.
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10.4.3 Trend Pen Assignment

Double click on the trend block and open the Trend Acquisition Pen Assignment Builder. Here
the values to be gathered are configured.
Each block accommodates 16 groups or trend views. Under each group 8 trend pens can be
assigned.
To assign, first select the Group in which the trend pens need to be assigned. Then under the
option Acquisition Data enter the process value to be acquired as Trend data.
The syntax is: Tag Name dot data item.
The trend pen assignment in Group 07, Block 2 is as shown. Once all the trend pens are
assigned in a block, save the settings done from the File – Download option.
The Trend View can be called from the Name Input Tool Box. The syntax for calling the trend
view is: TGxxyy.
TG stands for the Trend Group, xx Block Number and yy Group Number. The window size can
also be specified if required.
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10.4.4 Other Station Acquisition Trend

Trend created in other HIS can be viewed from the current HIS, using the other station
acquisition trend option.
In the Properties of a trend block, select the trend format as Other Station Acquisition Trend.
The sampling period option is automatically disabled. The sampling period set in the other HIS is
automatically accepted.
The station whose trend needs to be viewed is specified in the Other Station Name.
The trend block to be viewed is specified as the Reference Block Number.
The assignment is as shown.

In the example shown, block 6 of HIS0164 acquires and displays the values from block 7 of
HIS0159.
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10.5 Graphics View

Graphics View uses graphic objects to provide an overall view of the plant. Graphics View can
display graphic objects, control objects, overview objects, or a combination of these types of
objects.
GRAPHIC OBJECTS
¾ Graphic objects display a graphical representation of the plant status, providing
operation and monitoring environment.
One can also call up various windows from a Graphic View.
10.5.1 Creation of Graphics View

CENTUM VP provides for a default graphic page GR0001 under the WINDOW folder under the
HIS. The existing graphic page can be used or a new graphic page can be created.
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To create the new graphic page, select WINDOW folder and right click. Select Create New –
Window. In the Create New Window that pops up the new graphic page can be created.
Double click on the created graphic page to open the builder.
10.5.2 Properties of Graphic View

Size and Color
In the graphic builder page the overall view of the plant can be built. First, the properties of the
graphic page need to be set. In the Graphic Builder sheet, select File-Properties. In the File -
Properties window that opens up select Attribute tab. Here the size and color of the Graphics
page can be changed.
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The Property of the Graphic Builder can also be viewed from the View Menu. In the View Menu,
select the Property Grid option. The size of the Graphic Builder can be set from here.
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Wallpaper
A background image can also be set if required. Select Import Image option from the Draw
menu. Any image can be selected and set as the wallpaper.
Grid Option
The grid option of a graphic builder page can be used for alignment of graphic objects. Select
the Grid Option from the Tools Menu.
10.5.3 Object Building in Graphic Builder

CENTUM VP provides for predefined objects in the Graphic Builder. The objects available under
the Stencil Area are predefined objects and can be used in the Graphic Builder. Select Stencil
Area option from View Menu. The Stencil Area window shows the predefined objects.
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To insert an object, select the type of object. The drop down menu, lists all the objects available.
Select the required type of object and drag and drop it on to the graphic builder.
The selected object is now inserted into the Graphic Builder. The object can be modified as per
the user requirement.
The object taken is made by grouping a number of graphic objects. Hence to edit the object, it
needs to be ungrouped. Select the object to be ungrouped and from the Draw menu, click
Ungroup.
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On ungrouping the object can be moved and modified as per user requirement. Once the image
shape and size has been edited, the color can also be changed as required.
Select the object whose color needs to be changed and from the Fill Color option under the Draw
Menu, select the required color.
Once the image is edited, put back the required parts and group the object.
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If the objects available in the Parts window are insufficient or do not meet the requirements, new
objects can be created using a combination of the geometrical shapes like Circle, Ellipse,
Rectangle.
These can be taken from the Stencil Area- Basic Shape Controls. They can also be taken from
Draw Menu.
A graphic image developed using the options discussed above is as shown.
Text can be inserted in the Graphics sheet by selecting Text option from the Draw Menu. Click on
the Graphic page and write the desired text.
Double click on the text, to open the Text Properties window. Here the text font and size can be
set.
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10.5.4 Data Character

The process value can be displayed on the graphic builder page for the convenience of the end
user. This is possible using the process data character display tool.
To display Process data, select Data Character from Buttons and Data Display Controls of the
Stencil Area.
Click on the graphic builder page.

Double click to open the Process Data Character properties window. Here, the settings for the
process data character can be done.
Under the Font tab, select the desired font size.
Under the Data Character tab, set the desired Display Format.
Under the Data Link tab, set the parameter whose value needs to be displayed on the graphic
page.
The syntax is: TagName.DataItem
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10.5.5 Data Bar

Just as a data character can be used in the graphic builder, a data bar can also be used. This is
normally used to indicate level changes in tank. Select the data bar from Buttons and Data
Display Controls of Stencil Area. Drag and place at the desired position.
Once placed, double click and open the properties window. Under the Display tab, select the
desired color. Under the Data Bar tab, select the Bar Type and the direction of movement. Under
the Data Link tab, specify the Tag according to which the data bar should change. The setting
done is as shown.
10.5.6 Graphic Color Change

A color change can be provided to text or process data or to the graphic objects based on alarm
conditions occurring in tags.
Let us consider a requirement where the outlet valve should change to red color when the
process value of LC001 exceeds 90.0.
To set this change, double click and open the properties window of the valve.
The color change during specific conditions can be set under the Modifier tab.
Under the Condition formula, specify the condition when the color change is intended.
Under the Color Change option select Normal Color Change and then select the color required.
Click on Add to apply the conditional formula to the valve. Eight conditions can be added to a
single graphic object.
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10.5.7 Touch Target

Other windows can be called from the Graphics View using either Touch target or Push Button.
The touch target is an object that executes assigned functions, such as window calling.
Select the Touch target from the Buttons and Data Display Controls option of Stencil Area. The
Touch target cannot be seen as a separate object on the Graphics View, hence drag the Touch
target over an existing object on the Graphics Builder.
Once the Touch Target is placed, double click on the touch target to set its properties. In the
Touch target window that opens set the function of the touch target under the Function tab. One
of the settings is as shown.
Click on Close to apply the settings to the touch target.
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10.5.8 Soft Keys

Another useful object in the Graphic Builder is the Soft key. Soft keys are used to call other
windows used in the project. They cannot be seen on the builder page but can be viewed on the
run file.
The Soft Key position is earmarked at the bottom of the Graphic Builder. Each Graphic Builder
can accommodate 8 soft keys. All the 8 soft keys can be assigned from a single window.
To create soft keys, select soft key from the Buttons and Data Display Controls of Stencil Area
and click on Graphic Builder. Double click on it to open the Assignment window.
Under the Display tab, select the desired foreground and background color. Under the Font Tab,
select the font size.
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Under the Soft Key tab, set the Label for the Soft Keys.
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Once all the settings are done, click on the File – Download tab to save the Graphic Builder.
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10.5.9 Calling Graphic View

Call the Graphic View ‘GRAPHICS’ from the Name Input Tool Box.
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11. CREATION OF CONTROL LOOPS - II
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11.1 Creation of Signal Selection Loop 201

11.1.1 Function Blocks for Signal Selection Loop 201
11.1.4 Auto Selector Block (AS-H / M / L) 205
11.2 Creation of Signal Distribution Loop using SPLIT Block 206

11.2.1 Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT) 206
11.3 Creation of Signal Distribution Loop using FOUT Block 211

11.3.1 Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT) 211
11.4 Creation of Ratio Loop 216

11.4.1 Ratio Set Block (RATIO) 216
11.5 Manual Loaders 220

11.5.1 Manual Loader Block (MLD) 221
11.5.2 Manual Loader Block with Input Indicator (MLD-PVI) 221
11.5.3 Manual Loader Block with AUT / MAN Switch (MLD-SW) 222
11.6 Creation of Compensation Loop using TPCFL Block 223

11.6.1 Temperature and Pressure Correction Block (TPCFL) 223
11.7 Creation of Signal Limiting Loop 226

11.7.1 Velocity Limiter Block (VELLIM) 226
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11.8 Creation of Control Loop using Switch Instrument 229

11.8.1 Switch Instrument Block 229
234
11.9 Creation of Control Loop using Motor Control Block
11.9.1 Motor Control Block (MC-2) 234
11.10 General Purpose Calculation Blocks 241

11.10.1 General purpose Arithmetic Expression Description Language 242
11.10.2 Operators 243
11.10.3 Control Statements 243
11.10.4 Arithmetic Functions 244
11.10.5 Trigonometric Functions 245
11.10.6 Implementation Example 246
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11.1 Creation of Signal Selection Loop

When one signal has to be selected from multiple input signals, a signal selection loop is used.
11.1.1 Function Blocks for Signal Selection Loop

Apart from PIO blocks, PVI and PID, the function block used for signal selection falls under the
category of [Signal Selectors] under Regulatory Control Blocks.
Let us understand the working of (SS-H/M/L). The Signal Selector Blocks (SS-H/M/L) compares
the value of the signals from multiple inputs, and then selects one signal (PV) as output. The
function block diagram of the signal selector block is as shown.
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The signal selection function selects one signal from multiple input signals. The signal to be
selected varies depending upon the type of the Signal Selector Blocks (SS-H/M/L) and value of
the signal selection switch (SW).
The Signal Selector Blocks (SS-H/M/L) are classified into three types according to the automatic
selection rule used. The table below shows the property of each type of Signal Selector block.
Code Automatic Selection Rule
SS-H Selects the maximum value (High

Selector)
SS-M Selects the medium value
SS-L Selects the minimum value (Low

Selector)
All the signal selector blocks work based on switch position (SW). The table below shows the
signal selection switch positions and corresponding actions.
Switch Action
Position
(SW)
0 Holds the selected signal value (PV)
1 Selects input signal 1
4 Selects the result of signal size comparison (Automatic
Selection)

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a signal selection loop.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select the PVI block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Input Indicators.
Step 3
Select the required signal selector block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Selectors. The
selected signal from the signal selector block can be given to a PID block. The function blocks
taken are as shown.
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Step 4
Connect the function blocks accordingly. The completed application logic is as shown.
Download the control drawing from the File-Download tab.

Call all the faceplates from the Browser Bar. On calling the faceplate of the Signal Selector
block, it can be seen that the block is in AUT mode and switch position 0.
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When the switch position of the signal selector is changed to 1, the first input is selected. When it
is changed to 2, the second input is selected and when changed to 3, the third input is selected.
When switch position 4 is selected, the three inputs are compared and the appropriate signal is
sent as the output.
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11.1.4 Auto Selector Block (AS-H / M / L)

Auto selector blocks are available under [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Signal Selectors]. These
blocks are similar to the (SS-H / M / L) but can work in both AUT and MAN mode. Auto-selector
blocks may be applied to the override control loops for signal selection.
The working of the Auto Selector block in AUT mode is similar to that of the Signal Selector
Blocks. When the block is in the MAN mode, the operator can override all the values and enter a
desired value.
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11.2 Creation of Signal Distribution Loop

using SPLIT Block
When a signal has to be distributed to multiple final control elements or multiple downstream
controllers, signal distribution loops are used. Two commonly used function blocks for signal
distribution are:
¾ Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT)
¾ Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT)
Let us now create a signal distribution loop using SPLIT block.
11.2.1 Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT)

Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT) is capable of distributing the manipulated output signals
from the upstream control loop to two output destinations via a signal distribution switch. This
block may be applied to the loops where the upstream signal needs to be split to multiple
downstream control loops with different operation ranges.
The function block is available under [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Signal Distributors].
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The figure below shows the function block diagram of Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT):
A single SPLIT block can split the output to two downstream control loops with different
operation ranges. The SPLIT block works based on Switch Position. The figure below shows the
control signal splitter action.
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When the SPLIT block is in Switch Position 1, only MV1 is selected while MV2 is bypassed. In
switch position 2, MV2 is selected while MV1 is bypassed. In position 3, both MV1 and MV2 act
according to the operation ranges set.

The example shows a split control. Here pressure in the tank is controlled by the controllers
using two control valves.
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Let us now implement this example.

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a signal distribution loop using SPLIT block.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select the PID block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Controllers.
Step 3
Select the required signal distributor block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Distributors.
The output of the SPLIT block is given to two final control elements which is again a PIO block.
To see the values a PVI block can be used.
The function blocks taken are as shown.
Step 4
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Step 5
Set the operation ranges of both the outputs in the Edit Detail of the SPLIT function block. The
operation range can be set under the Output tab in the Edit Detail.
Once the settings are done, save the Control drawing from the File-Download tab.

Call all the faceplates from the Browser Bar. The SPLIT block should be in CAS mode.
When the SPLIT block is in switch position1, only the first output acts. The second output is
bypassed. When the SPLIT block is in switch position 2, only the second output is selected. The
first output is bypassed.
When the block is in switch position 3, both the outputs act in accordance with the operation
ranges set.
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11.3 Creation of Signal Distribution Loop

using FOUT Block
Let us now create a signal distribution loop using FOUT block.
11.3.1 Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT)

The Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT) distributes cascade set point signals input from
controller blocks to multiple down-stream controller blocks. This block may be applied in a
cascade control loop with multiple function blocks in parallel downstream connected.
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The Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT) can distribute cascade signals to as many as 8
function blocks.
Using the Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT) enables the creation of a cascade control
loop where multiple controller blocks are connected in parallel downstream.
The function block is available under [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Signal Distributors].
The figure below shows the function block diagram of the Cascade Signal Distributor Block
(FOUT).
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Let us now look at the steps of creation.

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a signal distribution loop using FOUT block. Click on
the Text icon, drag it on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the
Reset Pointer to come out of the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select the PID block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Controllers.
Step 3
Select the required signal distributor block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Distributors.
The output of the FOUT block is given to multiple downstream controllers. Select PID blocks as
the downstream controllers.
The function blocks taken are as shown.
Step 4
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The wiring labels can be viewed from the Edit Detail of the function block. Save the application
logic from the File-Download tab. The FOUT block distributes the output of the upstream
controller as set point to multiple downstream controllers.

Call all the faceplates from the Browser Bar. The downstream controllers must be in Cascade
mode, while the upstream controller is in Auto mode.
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The FOUT block distributes the output of upstream controller as Set Point to the downstream
controllers.
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11.4 Creation of Ratio Loop

When two variables have to be maintained in a specific ratio, a ratio loop is used. The ratio loop
uses the Ratio Set block to set a specific ratio between two variables. Let us now understand the
Ratio Set block.
11.4.1 Ratio Set Block (RATIO)
The Ratio Set Block (RATIO) outputs its manipulated output value (MV) following the change of
process variable (PV) times the ratio set value.
This block is used to set a specific ratio at which two controlled variables are maintained.
The function block can be taken from [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Signal Setters].
The function block diagram of Ratio Set block (RATIO) is as shown.
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Let us now look at the implementation of a ratio loop with the example shown.
In the example shown, the flow rates F1 and F2 are maintained in a specific ratio r. Here, rF1 is
the set point value of F2. Let us now look at the steps of creation.
Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a ratio loop using RATIO block. Click on the Text icon,
drag it on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the Reset Pointer to
come out of the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select PVI from Regulatory Control Blocks – Input Indicators.
Step 3
Select the RATIO block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Setters. The output of the RATIO
block is given to PID controller as set point. Select the function blocks accordingly.
Step 4
Wire the function blocks accordingly. The application logic is as shown.
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The range of ratio that can be set is 0.0 to 4.0 by default in the RATIO block. This can be changed
from the Edit Detail of the Ratio Set block. Set the desired range here.
Save the settings done. Save the control drawing by the File-Download option.
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Call all the faceplates from the Browser Bar.
The RATIO block is to be in AUT mode while the controller is to be in CAS mode. Enter the
desired ratio in the RATIO block.
The output of the RATIO block is the set point for the PID controller.
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11.5 Manual Loaders
Let us now look at some of the Manual Loader function blocks. The manual loader function
blocks are:
¾ MLD (Manual Loader Block)
¾ MLD-PVI (Manual Loader Block with Input Indicator)
¾ MLD-SW (Manual Loader Block with AUT/MAN Switch)
¾ MC-2 (Motor Control Block)
¾ MC-3 (Motor Control Block)
The Manual Loader function blocks are available under [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Manual
Loaders]. We shall now understand the Manual Loaders. Motor Control Blocks shall be dealt in
the subsequent chapter.
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11.5.1 Manual Loader Block (MLD)
Manual Loader Block (MLD) may be applied to output manipulated output value (MV) to manually
operate final control elements, such as control valves. Manual Loader Block (MLD) outputs
manipulated output value (MV) set by the operator.
The value to the function block is manually entered.
11.5.2 Manual Loader Block with Input Indicator (MLD-PVI)

Manual Loader Block with Input Indicator (MLD-PVI) outputs the manipulated output value while
displaying the process variable (PV). It may be applied to manually operate final control
elements and observing the process variable (PV) at the same time.
Manual Loader Block with Input Indicator (MLD-PVI) displays the value input from the IN terminal
as process variable (PV). It also outputs the value set from operation and monitoring function as
manipulated output value (MV).
Simple application logic is as shown.
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In the example shown, the MLD-PVI block indicates the process value (PV) of transmitter FT009,
while at the same time allowing a manual operation of final control element FCV009.
11.5.3 Manual Loader Block with AUT / MAN Switch (MLD-SW)

Manual Loader Block with Auto/Man SW (MLD-SW) may be applied as the lowest downstream
block in the control loops that consist of multiple function blocks.
The Manual Loader Block with Auto/Man SW (MLD-SW) selects the manipulated output signals to
be sent to final control elements, by switching between the output signal received from a
controller and the value manually entered by the operator.
Simple application logic is as shown
In the application logic, the output of the SPLIT block is given to the MLD-SW block. While the
MLD-SW block is in the AUT mode, the output of the SPLIT block is given to final control element.
In the MAN mode, the value manually entered by the operator is sent to the final control element.
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11.6 Creation of Compensation Loop using

TPCFL Block
In a number of applications the flow rate measured by a differential pressure flow meter, needs
to be corrected with respect to temperature and pressure. The function block used for this
purpose is the TPCFL block.
11.6.1 Temperature and Pressure Correction Block (TPCFL)
The Temperature and Pressure Correction Block (TPCFL) is used to correct the flow rate that is
measured by a differential pressure flow meter.
This is normally used for gases and the compensation is on the basis of temperature and
pressure.
The function block is available under [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Analog Calculation].
The function block diagram of the TPCFL block is as shown.
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In the TPCFL block, the correction with respect to both temperature and pressure or only
pressure or only temperature can be selected. This selection is done in the Edit Detail of the
function block. If both temperature and pressure is selected, the corrective computation is as
shown.
In the expression,
Fi : Measured flow rate
Fo : Corrected flow rate
P : Measured pressure [kPa]
Pb : Reference pressure [kPa]
T : Measured temperature (°C)
Tb : Reference temperature (°C)

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a flow correction loop. Click on the Text icon, drag it
on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the Reset Pointer to come out
of the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select PVI from Regulatory Control Blocks – Input Indicators.
Step 3
Select the TPCFL block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Setters. The output of the
TPCFL block acts as PV for PID block. Select the function blocks accordingly.
Step 4
Open the Edit Detail of the function block. Under the Basic tab, the Corrective Computation can
be selected as desired. Under the Connection tab, the wiring labels can be viewed. Wire the
function blocks as shown.
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Step 5
Once all the settings are done, save the control drawing from the File-Download tab.

Let us now understand the execution of the loop.
Call the Tuning View of the TPCFL block. In the Tuning View, the Reference Temperature (TB)
and Reference Pressure (PB) need to be entered. Enter TB and PB from the flow meter data
sheet.
Call all the faceplates from the Browser Bar. The faceplate of TPCFL block shows the corrected
flow with respect to pressure and temperature.
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11.7 Creation of Signal Limiting Loop

In control processes where abrupt process changes need to be avoided, a signal limiting loop
needs to be used. The Velocity Limiter Block (VELLIM) can be used to achieve this.
11.7.1 Velocity Limiter Block (VELLIM)
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The Velocity Limiter Block (VELLIM) outputs a change per unit time by limiting it within the
velocity limits.
The Velocity Limiter Block (VELLIM) reads the abruptly changing manipulated output value (MV)
of other function blocks and outputs its change per scan period as a manipulated output value
(MV) by limiting it within the velocity limits.
The function block can be taken from [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Signal Limiters].
The VELLIM block outputs a change per scan period in the set point value (SV) received from
outside. It limits the manipulated value within the velocity limits. Separate velocity limits may be
set for upward and downward directions. The function block diagram of the VELLIM block is as
shown.

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a signal limiting loop. Click on the Text icon, drag it on
the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the Reset Pointer to come out of
the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO. Also select PID from Regulatory Control Blocks – Controllers.
Step 3
Select the VELLIM block from Regulatory Control Blocks – Signal Limiters. The output of the
VELLIM block acts on the final control element. Select the function blocks accordingly.
The VELLIM block here controls the output of the PID controller in order to avoid the sudden
changes in the process conditions.
Step 4
Wire the function blocks accordingly.
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Save the application logic by the File – Download option.

Open the Tuning View of the Velocity Limiter to set the upward and downward velocity limits.
The upward velocity limit is set in DMVP and the downward velocity limit is set in DMVM.
Call all the faceplates and put the VELLIM block in the CAS mode since it is receiving the set
value from the PID controller.
The VELLIM block transmits the output only in steps and not immediately.
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11.8 Creation of Control Loop using Switch

Instruments
The control of digital instruments can be done in the DCS through various function blocks. The
switch instrument blocks are used to start, stop, monitor and manipulate the status of various
types of digital instruments, like on-off valves, pumps and motors.
11.8.1 Switch Instrument Block

The switch instrument block is a function block which is often used to start/stop motors and
pumps and monitor or manipulate open-close state of the motor-operated valves. In most cases,
this type of blocks is used in combination with the sequence table block (ST16, ST16E) and the
Logic Chart Block (LC64).
The function block can be taken from Switch Instruments.

There exist 10 different types of switch instrument blocks according to the difference between
the answerback input points and output points.
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A list of switch instrument blocks is shown as follows.

¾ SI-1: Switch instrument block with 1 Input
¾ SI-2: Switch Instrument Block with 2 Inputs
¾ SO-1: Switch Instrument Block with 1 Output
¾ SO-2: Switch instrument block with 2 Outputs
¾ SIO-11: Switch Instrument Block with 1 Input, 1 Output
¾ SIO-12: Switch Instrument Block with 1 Input, 2 Outputs
¾ SIO-21: Switch Instrument Block with 2 Inputs, 1 Output
¾ SIO-22: Switch Instrument Block with 2 Inputs, 2 Outputs
¾ SIO-12P: Switch Instrument Block with 1 Input, 2 One-Shot Outputs
¾ SIO-22P: Switch Instrument Block with 2 Inputs, 2 One-Shot Outputs
A switch instrument block sends the command signal to start or stop digital instruments in the
field. The block is also capable of receiving feedback signal on the status of the operated digital
instruments.
The function block diagram of the Switch Instrument block is as shown.
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Let us now implement the Switch Instrument block (SIO-11).

Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a control loop using Switch Instrument. Click on the
Text icon, drag it on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the Reset
Pointer to come out of the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO. This is the answer back signal from the field. This indicates the status of the field
instrument.
Step 3
Select the SIO-11 block from Switch Instruments. The output of the SIO-11 block is the command
signal to start or stop digital instruments. This is again connected to a PIO block.
Step 4
Wire the function blocks accordingly.
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Save the application logic from the File-Download tab.

Let us now understand the working of the Switch Instrument block. Call all the faceplates.
As shown in the image, the SIO-11 block command signal is 0. The answer back signal also
indicates that the field instrument is in the OFF state.
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While the SIO-11 block gives a command signal to start, the system waits for a default of 4
seconds for the answerback signal. This time is called as the Masking Time (MTM).
When there is a mismatch between the command and the answerback signal, the system
indicates it as an alarm. There are two types of alarms:
¾ ANS+
¾ ANS-
ANS+ alarm occurs when the SIO-11 gives the command signal to start, while the answerback
signal indicates that the field instrument has not started.
ANS- alarm occurs when the SIO-11 gives the command signal to stop, while the answerback
signal indicates that the field instrument is still running.
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11.9 Creation of Control Loop using Motor

Control Block
The control of digital instruments can be done in the DCS through various function blocks. The
motor control blocks are provided with function to operate motor-driven pumps and motor-
operated valves.
The motor control blocks enable starting and stopping of motors from operation and monitoring
functions. Also, the motor control blocks can be combined with the sequence control function to
realize the automatic control on motors.
11.9.1 Motor Control Block (MC-2)

The Motor Control Blocks MC-2, MC-2E, MC-3, and MC-3E are applied to operate motor-driven
pumps and motor-operated valves. These blocks may be used to start or stop motors from
operation and monitoring functions or to control them automatically.
There are four models of Motor Control Block (MC-2, MC-2E, MC-3, and MC-3E), which behaves
in different output manner.
¾ Two-Position Motor Control Block (MC-2)
¾ Enhanced Two-Position Motor Control Block (MC-2E)
¾ Three-Position Motor Control Block (MC-3)
¾ Enhanced Three-Position Motor Control Block (MC-3E)
The Motor Control blocks can be accessed from [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Manual Loaders].
Let us now understand the working of MC-2 block.
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The function block diagram of MC-2 is as shown.
Input signal of MC-2 block
1. Feedback Input Signal (FB)
Feedback input signal is used when the feedback terminal (FB) in the motor control block is
connected to analog input modules or other function blocks. The feedback signal indicates the
connected field equipment status such as the openness of a motor-operated valve.
2. Answerback Input Signal (IN)
Answerback input signal is used when the IN terminal in the motor control block is connected to
a contact input or other internal status switch. The answerback signal indicates the state of
onsite equipment such as the open/close status of motor-operated valve or the start/stop status
of pump operation.
3. Thermal Trip Alarm Input (TT)
The Thermal Trip input signal indicates a motor overload condition and is connected across the
TT terminal. If the thermal trip signal input terminal (TT) turns ON in the motor control block, a
thermal trip alarm is generated.
4. Remote / Local Input (TSI)
The remote/local input function reads the status of on-site push button switches installed near
the equipment such as valves and pumps, and to prevent the output from the motor control block
since the on-site operation is given higher priority when the system is in the local mode. The
remote/local input signal is fed through the TSI terminal of the motor control block.
5. Interlock Input Signal (IL)
The interlock check is used to place the motor control blocks in the interlock state according to
the operation interlock input signal that is input to the IL terminal of the motor control blocks.
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Let us now implement the Motor Control block (MC-2).
Step 1
Open a Control Drawing builder to create a control loop using Motor Control block. Click on the
Text icon, drag it on the Control Drawing Builder and type the required text. Click on the Reset
Pointer to come out of the Text option.
Step 2
select PIO.
Step 3
Select the MC-2 block from [Regulatory Control Blocks] – [Manual Loaders].
Step 4
Wire the function blocks accordingly. Connect all the inputs and outputs to MC-2 as shown.
Step 5
Open the Edit Detail window of the MC-2 block. Under the Basic tab, select the desired Switch
Position Label.
Under the Tag tab, set No for Display FV bar option. This is done as we have not connected any
Feedback Input.
Under the Input tab, select the Answerback Check for Both sides. This allows the MC-2 block to
check for both ANS+ and ANS- alarms.
Step 6
Save the application logic by the File-Download tab.
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Let us now understand the working of the control loop. Call all the faceplates from the Browser
Bar.
Answerback Input
When the command signal and answerback signal matches, no alarms are generated. When
there is a mismatch in the states an answerback alarm is generated.
¾ ANS+ alarm occurs when the MC-2 gives the command signal to start, while the
answerback signal indicates that the field instrument has not started.
¾ ANS- alarm occurs when the MC-2 gives the command signal to stop, while the
answerback signal indicates that the field instrument is still running.
The image shows the occurrence of an ANS- alarm.
Thermal Trip Input

If the thermal trip input becomes high because of high temperature, the motor goes into TRIP
condition.
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Remote / Local Input

If the motor is operated from the field and not from the DCS, the Remote/Local switch turns ON.
While the switch is ON, the motor cannot be operated from the MC-2 block.
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Operation Interlock Input

When operation interlock input is ON, the Interlock alarm is generated and motor operation is
locked. The command to start the field instrument is automatically withdrawn.
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11.10 General Purpose Calculation Blocks

The General-Purpose Calculation Blocks are used when defining arbitrary calculation
algorithms. Calculation blocks receive analog signals (analog values) or contact signals (digital
values) as input values, and perform calculation according to the set parameters. The result of
calculation is outputted as the calculated output value (CPV).
There are two types of general purpose calculation blocks:
¾ CALCU
¾ CALCU-C
The General-Purpose Calculation Block (CALCU) is a function block that executes pre-defined
arbitrary calculation algorithms. Calculation algorithms are defined using the general-purpose
calculation expression description language.
The Calculation Block with String I/O (CALCU-C) has the same function as the General-Purpose
Calculation Block (CALCU), but the former has I/O terminals that can handle string data and a
part of the I/O data is used only for string data.
The calculation block can be opened from General Purpose Calculations.
Let us now understand the CALCU block.
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Following diagram shows function block diagram of CALCU block.
IN: Input terminal (main input)

OUT: Output terminal (main output)
Qn: Input terminal (subsidiary input)
Jn: Output terminal (subsidiary output)
RV: Calculated input value
CPV: Calculated output value
RVn: Calculated input value
CPVn: Calculated output value
Pn: Set parameter
SUB: Auxiliary output
11.10.1 General Purpose Arithmetic Expression Description Language

The general-purpose arithmetic expression description language is a programming language to
describe the arithmetic algorithm of the general-purpose calculation blocks. The general-
purpose arithmetic expression consists of:
¾ A program statement, which indicates the start of an arithmetic expression
¾ Declaration statement, which declares variables
¾ Executable statements, which execute calculations
¾ End statement, which indicates the end of an arithmetic expression
The following lines give an example of the order.

Program
Declaration statement
Executable statement
End
Maximum Number of Lines for an Arithmetic Expression

A maximum number of lines for an arithmetic expression are 250 including comment and empty
lines.
Comment
When a line is headed by a “*” mark, the contents of the entire line are treated as a comment.
When “!” mark appears in the middle of a line, the texts from the right-hand side of “!” mark till
the end of the line are treated as a comment.
The following examples show a comment and a comment statement:

Program! This portion is comment.
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*This line is for comment.

if ({SW100.SW.3}) then
11.10.2 Operators
The following operators can be used in the general-purpose arithmetic expressions:
Binomial Arithmetic Operator
Calculation with a binomial arithmetic operator can be executed to any numerical data.
Usable binomial arithmetic operators are as follows:
¾ + : Addition
¾ - : Subtraction
¾ * : Multiplication
¾ / : Division
¾ Mod : Remainder
Relational Operators
Calculation with a relational operator can be executed to any numerical data and any character
string data.
Usable relational operators are as follows:
¾ < : Smaller than
¾ > : Greater than
¾ <= : Equal to or smaller than
¾ >= : Equal to or larger than
Equality Operators
Calculation with an equality operator can be executed to any numerical data and any character
string data.
Usable equality operators are as follows:
¾ == : Equals
¾ <> : Not equals
Binary Logical Operators

Calculation with a binary logical operator can be executed to any numerical data.
Usable binary logical operators are as follows:
¾ and : AND
¾ or : OR
¾ eor : Exclusive OR
11.10.3 Control Statements

The control statement is a statement for controlling the execution order of arithmetic
expressions. There are four kinds of control statements for testing conditions and selections as
follows:
¾ if statement: Condition testing
¾ Switch statement: Multiple-branches processing
¾ Goto statement: Unconditional jump
¾ Exit statement: Jumps to the “end” statement unconditionally.
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if
The if statement is used to control the execution of arithmetic expressions by the condition of the
expression.
The format of the if statement is shown below:
if (<expression>)then
....
else if (<expression>) then
....
[else
....
]
....
end if
....
switch
The switch statement is used to branch depending on the matching condition of expression with
any of the multiple constant values.
The format of the switch statement is shown below:
switch (<expression>)
case <constant>[,<constant>]...:
....
[case <constant>[,<constant>...]:
....
[otherwise:
....
]]
end switch
goto
The “goto” statement unconditionally jumps to the line with the specified label.
The format of the “goto” statement is shown below:
goto <label>
exit
The exit statement unconditionally jumps to the end statement. The exit statement can be placed
anywhere in the arithmetic expression.
11.10.4 Arithmetic Functions
These functions execute arithmetic calculations. The details of the arithmetic functions are as
follows.
Absolute Value – labs(arg)

“labs” is a function that returns the absolute value of the argument. The argument and result are
both long type.
Absolute Value – dabs(arg)

“dabs” is a function that returns the absolute value of the argument. The argument and result are
both double type.
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Maximum Value – lmax(arg1, arg2,...)

“lmax” is a function that returns the maximum value in an argument list. The maximum number of
arguments is 32. The argument and result are both long type.
Maximum Value – dmax(arg1, arg2,...)

“dmax” is a function that returns the maximum value in an argument list. The maximum number
of arguments is 32. The argument and result are both double type.
Minimum Value – lmin(arg1, arg2,...)

“lmin” is a function that returns the minimum value in an argument list. The maximum number of
arguments is 32. Both the argument and result are long type.
Minimum Value – dmin(arg1, arg2,...)

“dmin” is a function that returns the minimum value in an argument list. The maximum number of
arguments is 32. Both the argument and result are double type.
Power – power(arg1, arg2)

“power” is a function that returns a value after multiplying arg1 for arg2 times. Both the
argument and result are double type.
11.10.5 Trigonometric Functions
These functions execute calculations related to the trigonometric functions. The details of the
trigonometric functions are as follows:
Sine – sin(arg)
“sin” is a function that calculates the sine of the argument. The unit of the argument is in radian.
Both the argument and result are double type.
Cosine – cos(arg)
“cos” is a function that calculates the cosine of the argument. The unit of the argument is in
radian. Both the argument and result are both double type.
Tangent – tan(arg)
“tan” is a function that calculates the tangent of the argument. The unit of the argument is in
radian. Both the argument and result are double type.
Arctangent – atan(arg)
“atan” is a function that calculates the arctangent of the argument. The unit of the argument is in
radian. Both the argument and result are double type.
Square Root – sqrt(arg)

“sqrt” is a function that calculates the square root of the argument. Both the argument and result
are double type.
Exponent – exp(arg)
“exp(arg)” is a function that calculates the result of the exponential function (the value after
multiplying e for arg times). Both the argument and result are double type.
Natural Logarithm – log(arg)

“log” is a function that calculates the natural logarithm (logarithm of base) of the argument. Both
the argument and result are double type.
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11.10.6 Implementation Example

Select the CALCU block from General Purpose Calculations. Open the Edit Detail of the function
block to write the calculation algorithm.
A simple application logic is shown. Save the application logic from the File-Download tab.
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12. SOFTWARE INPUTS / OUTPUTS
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12.1 Software Inputs / Outputs 249
12.2 Common Switches 250

12.2.1 Creation of Common Switches 250
12.2.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation 252
12.3 Global Switches 253

12.3.1 Creation of Global Switches 253
12.3.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation 256
12.4 Message Outputs 257

12.4.1 Annunciator Message 257
12.4.1.1 Creation of Annunciator Message 257
12.4.1.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation 258
12.4.2 Operator Guide Message 259
12.4.2.1 Creation of Operator Guide Message 259
12.4.2.2 Status Manipulation 260
12.4.3 Printout Message 260
12.4.3.1 Creation of Printout Message 261
12.4.3.2 Output Specification 261
12.4.4 Signal Event Message 262
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12.1 Software Inputs / Outputs

CENTUM VP software provides a number of software inputs/outputs. Software inputs/outputs
are virtual inputs/outputs that are provided by the FCS’s internal software.
There are two types of software inputs/outputs available:
¾ Internal Switch
An internal switch which is used to exchange logical values between function blocks or
other
application functions.
¾ Message Outputs
Message Outputs are used to inform the occurrence of an event.
The organizational structure of commonly used software inputs/outputs is as shown below:
INTERNAL SWITCHES
COMMON SWITCH
GLOBAL SWITCH
MESSAGE OUTPUTS
ANNUNICATOR MESSAGE
SEQUENCE MESSAGE
OPERATOR GUIDE MESSAGE
SIGNAL EVENT MESSAGE
PRINTOUT MESSAGE
SEQUENCE MESSAGE REQUEST
MULTIMEDIA START MESSAGE
Just like process inputs/outputs, software inputs/outputs can be referred to or set from a
function block or other application function.
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All of the software inputs / outputs of CENTUM VP are identified by their element serial numbers.
The classification and the element numbers is as shown below:
Name Element Number Element Number Convention
Common Switch %SWnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 4000)
Global Switch %GSnnnmm nnn: Serial no. (001 to 256)

mm: Station no. (01 to 64)
Annunciator Message %ANnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 1000)
Operator Guide Message %OGnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 0500)
Signal Event Message %EVnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 0500)
Printout Message %PRnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 1000)
Sequence Message Request %RQnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 0200)
Multimedia Start Message %VMnnnn nnnn: Serial no. (0001 to 0100)
12.2 Common Switches

Common switches are internal switches used by various control functions to save the shared
logical values in a FCS.
The logical value of a common switch is not directly output to an external FCS, but is used by
various control functions in a FCS for condition testing and status manipulation.
Common switches in CENTUM VP with element number %SW0401 to %SW4000 may be freely
defined by users.
Common switches with element number %SW0001 to %SW0400 are fixed as system switches.
They are used to indicate the different statuses of the FCS.
12.2.1 Creation of Common Switches
All the internal switches of CENTUM VP reside under the FCS. The Common Switch can be
created under the Common Switch file under the folder SWITCH under the FCS. The Common
Switches can be used only within the FCS created.
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Select the SWITCH folder under the FCS where switches need to be created. CENTUM VP
provides four Switch Definition files to create Common Switches.
Double click on any one of the file to open the Common Switch Builder.
Common Switches with Element Number %SW0001 to %SW0400 are system fixed switches. They
can be only referred to by the user but not written into. To use for logical functions and other
application functions, switches from element number %SW0401 to %SW4000 can be freely
defined by the user.
Each Common Switch is identified by its tag name. HIS uses the tag names to identify operation
and monitoring targets. The tag names are also used in sequence tables and arithmetic
expressions to represent the corresponding element numbers. Define the Tag Names from
%SW0401 under Tag Name tab as shown.
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Click on File – Download option from Menu bar to save the settings done.
12.2.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation
When Common Switch ON/OFF status is applied as a condition test signal to a sequence table
block or logic chart block or to a designated function block the syntax form for condition testing
is as shown.
%SWnnnn. PV. ON/OFF

Where,
%SWnnnn : Element number of the switch whose condition needs to be tested.
ON/OFF : Either ON or OFF must be specified.
Instead of Element Number the tag name specified in the Common Switch builder can also be
used. The syntax form for condition testing is Tag Name. PV. ON/OFF
When Common Switch ON/OFF status is applied as a manipulated signal from a sequence table
block or a logic chart block two types of manipulation signal outputs are available:
a ‘latched’ type and a ‘non-latched’ type.
The syntax form for status manipulation is as shown.
%SWnnnn. PV. H or %SWnnnn .PV. L
Where,
%SWnnnn : Element number of the Common Switch
H : Latched type
L : Non-latched type
And here again instead of Element Number the tag name specified in the Common Switch builder
can be used.
Please note that the latched type output is supported only by sequence table block.
A latched type of signal holds the first status change in the condition signal. Any further change
is not reflected in a latched type. While in a non-latched type the output follows the input.
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12.3 Global Switches

Global switches are internal switches with the same logical value on all stations in the same
domain.
The value of global switch assigned to the present station can be checked and defined from any
application on a station.
Up to 256 write-enabled global switches can be assigned to each station.
The defined value is broadcasted to each station in the system via V net scan transmission. This
is enabled when data transfer to other stations is defined in Scan Transmission Definition on the
FCS Constants Builder.
The values of global switches are updated at the same time mostly on all stations in the system
12.3.1 Creation of Global Switches

All the internal switches of CENTUM VP reside under the FCS. Select the SWITCH folder under
the FCS where switches need to be created.
CENTUM VP provides for Global Switch Definition file to create Global Switches. Double click on
the file to open the Global Switch Builder.
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Each Global Switch is identified by its tag name. HIS uses the tag names to identify operation
and monitoring targets. The tag names are also used in sequence tables and arithmetic
expressions to represent the corresponding element numbers. Define the Tag Names under Tag
Name tab as shown.
Click on File – Download option to save the settings done. The global switches are now created
under the FCS0101. It can be read or written into in FCS0101 but can be only read by the other
FCS in the project.
To transfer/receive the values of global switches between stations, the scan transmission must
be defined on the FCS Constants Builder. In the FCS Constants builder, all the settings for the
global switches are done under the Scan Transmission tab.
Present Station Definition

Define the communication buffer size to transfer the values of global switches assigned in the
present station to other stations.
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Present station buffer size:

- Define 32 (bytes) to transfer the values
- 0 not to transfer them
Station Scan Transmission
In Station Scan Transmission, define whether to receive the values of global switches or not.
Select ‘1’ to enable the Internal Scan Transmission.
Define the buffer size of other stations (2 to 64) same as the self station.
Save the settings done from the File – Download tab. The Scan Transmission settings have to be
set in each FCS.
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12.3.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation

The ON/OFF state or data status of global switches are tested as conditional signals of sequence
table blocks and logic chart block. The following formats must be used for condition testing for
global switches:
%GSnnnmm. PV .ON/OFF -Test the ON/OFF state.

Where
nnn: Element number
mm: Station number (If the global switch is being used within the same FCS then the station
number may be omitted.)
ON/OFF: Specify ON or OFF.
The Tag name of the global switch can be used if it is being used within the same FCS.
Status manipulation for global switches is to change the ON/OFF state of global switches by
action signals from sequence blocks or logic chart block. Status manipulation is applicable to
global switches of present station only.
There are two output types of action signals for global switches:
- latched type
- Non-latched type
The following formats must be used for status manipulation of global switches:
%GSnnn. PV. H or %GSnnn. PV. L

Where
nnn: Element number
H: Latched output
L: Non-latched output
Here again the tag name can be used instead of the Element Number.
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12.4 Message Outputs

There are mainly four different types of user defined messages that are defined in message
definition builder and must be invoked through Sequence table. They are:
¾ Annunciator message
¾ Operator guide message
¾ Print out message
¾ Signal event message
All the messages can be defined under the MESSAGE folder under the FCS.
12.4.1 Annunciator Message

The HIS Annunciator function simulates the Annunciator instrument panel. This function informs
the HIS of the occurrence or recovery of an alarm message.
These special message outputs are used to simulate the Annunciator panels of the instrument
panels.
Annunciator message outputs store alarm occurrence statuses as logical values.
12.4.1.1 Creation of Annunciator Message

To create the Annunciator Messages, double click on the AN0101 file to open the Annunciator
Builder.
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The message can be defined under the Message tab. Defined Message will appear in the
Process Alarm window when triggered. Define the Tag Name. Tag Name or Element Number is
used to trigger the message in ST16 or LC64 block. The messages can be defined and saved by
the File – Download tab.
When the alarm occurrence status changes, the Annunciator message informs the HIS of the
occurrence or recovery of the message. When an alarm occurs, the alarm symbol will flash to
prompt the operator for acknowledgment. The alarm symbol will stop flashing once it has been
acknowledged.
Annunciator message outputs are processed at the basic scan cycles only.
12.4.1.2 Condition Testing and Status Manipulation

Annunciator Messages can be used in the Sequence Table. The message can be used for
condition testing and also for status manipulation.
Condition Testing: For this the ON/OFF status of the Annunciator message is used.
The syntax form for condition testing is:
%ANnnnn. PV. ON/OFF -----Condition testing
Where,
%ANnnnn : Element number of Annunciator Message
ON/OFF : Either ON or OFF status of the message must be specified.
The tag name specified in the Annunciator builder can be used instead of the Element Number.
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Status Manipulation: The Annunciator message can also be manipulated from the Sequence
table.
Two types of condition signal outputs are available:
a “latched” type and a “non-latched” type.
The syntax form for status manipulation is shown below:

%ANnnnn. PV. H or %ANnnnn. PV. L
Where,
%ANnnnn : Element number (Tag Name can be used instead of element number)
H : Occurrence/recovery of a latched annunciator message
L : Occurrence/recovery of a non-latched annunciator message
12.4.2 Operator Guide Message

Operator guide messages are used to prompt the operator’s acknowledgment for certain
operation during certain progress of the process. Operator Guide messages are triggered by
the sequence control of the control station.
When the Operation and Monitoring Functions detect an operator guide message, a character
string that corresponds to the message number is displayed in the Operator Guide window, and
then the operator guide message is saved to the historical message log file.
12.4.2.1 Creation of Operator Guide Message
Double click on the OG0101 file under the MESSAGE folder to open the Operator Guide Builder.
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The message can be defined under the Message tab. Defined Message will appear in the
Operator Guide window when triggered. The color of the character string can be specified
under the Color tab. The defined messages can be saved by the File – Download tab.
12.4.2.2 Status Manipulation
The syntax form for an Operator Guide message output specification is shown below:
%OGnnnn. PV. NON :To output an operator guide message.
Where,
%OGnnnn : Element number of the Operator Guide message to be triggered
12.4.3 Printout Message

Print Message Outputs, print the data corresponding to an event that occurred in the process.
This is mainly used to record the event that occurred in a process by printing them on paper.
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12.4.3.1 Creation of Printout Message

Double click on the SD0101 file under the MESSAGE folder to open the Printout Message Builder.
The message can be defined under the Message tab. Defined Message will be printed in the
designated printer when triggered.
The created messages can be saved by the File – Download tab.
12.4.3.2 Output Specification

The syntax form for a print message output specification is shown below:
%PRnnnn. PV. NON : To output a print out message.
%PRnnnn : Element number of the print out message to be triggered.
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12.4.4 Signal Event Message
Signal event messages are used to exchange event information among the internal control
functions of an FCS. They are not output to a window, printer or file.
Signal Event message outputs enable a function block to inform the SEBOL control SEBOL
control function of event changes. The procedure for message creation is the same as the other
messages.
The syntax form for a signal event message output specification is shown below:
%EVnnnn. PV. K : To output a signal event message
%EVnnnn : Element number of the Signal Event message to be triggered.
K : Parameter (0 to 65535)
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13. INTERLOCKS
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13.1 Sequence Control Blocks 265
13.2 Concept Of Sequence Table 265

13.2.1 Number of Signal Lines 265
13.2.2 Process Timing 265
13.2.3 Output Timing 267
13.2.4 Sequence Table Elements 267
13.3 Generation of Interlocks using Sequence Table 268

13.3.1 Generation and Execution in Sequence Table 268
13.3.2 AND Logic 269
13.3.3 OR Logic 270
13.3.4 Mode Status Change 271
13.3.5 Invoking Message 271
13.4 Invoking Sequence Elements from Sequence Table 272

13.4.1 Invoking Timer Block 272
13.4.1.1 Tuning View of Timer Block 273
13.4.1.2 Implementation in Sequence Table 274
13.4.2 Invoking Relational Expression Block 275
13.5 Concept of Logic Chart 278

13.5.1 Logic Operation Elements 279
13.6 Generation of Interlock using Logic Chart 281
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13.1 Sequence Control Block

Interlocks are sequence of logics written to execute certain operations in a running plant.
Interlocks are written using Sequence Control Blocks. Sequence Control Blocks which execute
the sequence control include:
¾ Sequence Table Blocks
¾ Logic Charts
13.2 Concept of Sequence Table
Sequence Table Blocks include the basic ST16, and ST16E (only used for rule extension).
The function block is available under [Sequence] – [Sequence Tables].
All the interlocks are written in the Edit Detail of the Sequence Table block.
Sequence Table Block is a decision table type function block that describes the relationship
between input signal and output signal in a Y/N (Yes / No) fashion. By making sequence
connection with other function blocks, they control the monitoring of a process and phase step
sequences.
13.2.1 Number of Signal Lines
The Sequence Table Block (ST16) has a sequence control function that handles a total of 64 I/O
signals, 32 rules. It can also change distribution of the 64 I/O signals and output signals in the 8-
signal unit. The total number of I/O signals is fixed to 64.
13.2.2 Process Timing

The process timing of a Sequence Table block can also be set. An individual block executes an
input, a calculation or an output processing in accordance with the process timing defined.
The process timing can be selected in the Edit Detail of the ST16 block.
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The process timing for the sequence control block has following four different types of Start
timing.
¾ Periodic Execution (T)
¾ One-Shot Execution (O)
¾ Initial Execution/Restart Execution (I)
¾ Restricted Initial Execution (B)
Periodic Execution
This is repeatedly executed per preset period. The periodic execution can be used in the
regulatory control block, sequence control block, and calculation block.
One-Shot Execution
This is executed only once when it is invoked from other function blocks. The one-shot Execution
can be used in the sequence control block and the calculation block.
Initial Execution/Restart Execution

This is executed when the FCS executes the cold start or restart process. The initial execution
can be used in the sequence control block.
Restricted Initial Execution

This is executed when the FCS executes the initial cold start process. The restricted initial
execution can be used in the sequence control block.
The default Processing Timing is TC.
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13.2.3 Output Timing
The output timing of sequence control block indicates the conditions to execute the output
processing when the sequence table is started periodically or as a one shot.
There are two types of output timing:
¾ Output only when conditions change (C)
¾ Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)
The default is output only when condition changes (C).
13.2.4 Sequence Table Elements

Condition Signal
Enter the element symbol and data item into the “Tag name. Data item” column as the input
connection information, then enter the condition specification in the Data column.
Action Signal
Enter the element symbol and data item into the “Tag name. Data item” column as the input
connection information then enter the action specification in the Data column.
Rule Number
Up to 32 rules per block may be used. The output is based on each rule condition and condition
testing result.
Condition Rule
Describe the Y/N (Y: true, N: false) pattern (combination) to condition rule. If the testing result of
condition signal corresponds with the Y/N pattern, the condition of the rule is satisfied.
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Action Rule
Describe the Y/N (Y: Positive action; N: Negative action) pattern (combinations) to action rule.
Perform manipulated output according to the Y/N pattern of the action rule for the rule number
whose condition is satisfied.
13.3 Generation of Interlocks using

Sequence Table
To write any interlock, insert the ST16 block from Sequence – Sequence Tables.
Once the block is inserted give a suitable Tag name for the block say SEQ. To write interlocks,
select the block right click and select Edit detail.
13.3.1 Generation and Execution in Sequence Table
A simple logic is shown here. When the condition written under C01 is satisfied then the action
under the same column is executed.
In the example shown, whenever switch DI1 turns ON, switch DO1 also turns ON. The Sequence
Table executes the logic by scanning the rules or columns. When a condition rule is satisfied, all
the actions written under the rule or column is executed.
Update all the logics written and save the Control drawing from the File-Download tab.
Whenever digital outputs, switches and annunciators are used in Sequence Table as an action
signal, they have to be specified as Latched (H) or Unlatched (L). A latched signal executes only
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the first time when the condition is satisfied while an unlatched signal follows the condition
signal changes.
Execution in Sequence Table

Call the faceplate of the Sequence Table from Name Input Dialog box and change the mode to
AUT. All the application logic would be executed only when the Sequence Table is in the AUT
mode.
The step by step execution of the logic written can be seen by opening the TABLE of SEQ. Open
the Table from the Name Input tool box.
The syntax is :Tag Name TABLE
In the table the change of colors indicates the status of operations. A rule in green color
indicates that the condition is not satisfied while a rule in red color indicates that the condition is
satisfied and the action is executed.
The faceplates can be called by double clicking on the tag name of the switches. Here when DI1
is ON, DO1 also goes to ON state and the color change can be viewed in the condition rule.
13.3.2 AND Logic
The basic logical circuit of AND can be written in sequence table as shown in the image. Here,
when both the conditions mentioned in Condition Signal are satisfied the Action Signal would be
executed.
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13.3.3 OR Logic
Similarly the logical circuit of OR can be written in sequence table as shown. Here, when either
of the conditions mentioned in Condition Signal are satisfied, the Action Signal would be
executed.
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13.3.4 Mode Status Change
The mode of a controller can also be changed through logic. Consider the case where mode of a
controller has to be changed whenever a High-high alarm occurs.
The syntax for alarm status checking is : Tag Name. ALRM. HH/HI/LO/LL.
The syntax for mode change is : Tag Name. MODE. MAN/AUT/CAS.
In the example shown, whenever a HH alarm occurs in LC001, its mode changes to manual.
13.3.5 Invoking Messages

Annunciator messages, Operator guide messages and Printout messages are user defined
messages that can be activated through Sequence Table.
In the example shown, when a HH alarm occurs in LC001 all the messages are generated.
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13.4 Invoking Sequence Elements from

Sequence Table
Interlocks in Sequence Table can also be written by invoking other function blocks within the
table. Few of the blocks used are:
¾ Timer Block (TM)

¾ Software Counter Block (CTS)
¾ Pulse Train Input Counter Block (CTP)
¾ Code Input Block (CI)
¾ Code Output Clock (CO)
¾ Relational Expression Block (RL)
¾ Resource Scheduler Block (RS)
These blocks fall under the category of Sequence Elements 1 and Sequence Elements 2.
13.4.1 Invoking Timer Block

Timers are used to time a process or a sequence. They can also be used to generate delays in a
sequence. There are two types of Timers:
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¾ Seconds timer
¾ Minutes timer
The timer can time a process up to 100000 seconds or 100000 minutes.
The Timer Block can be selected from Sequence Elements 1.

Right click on the Timer block to open the Edit detail. Under the Basic tab select the Timer
property as required. Update the changes done.
The timer block can now be used in the Sequence table.
13.4.1.1Tuning View of Timer Block
The time setting for the Timer can be done from its tuning window. All the other timer settings
can also be viewed from the tuning window.
PH = Maximum time the timer should count
PV = Actual time the timer has counted
DV = PH-PV i.e. the time left to finish counting
DL = Deviation limit
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Syntax of Condition Signal to be used in Sequence Control Block for Timer Block:
Condition Signal Explanation

Tag Name.BSTS.NR When the timer is timing
Tag Name.BSTS.CTUP When the timer has finished timing
Tag Name.BSTS.PAUS When the timer is paused while timing
Tag Name.BSTS.STOP When the timer is stopped while timing
Tag Name.BSTS.PALM When the deviation (DV) is less than the deviation limit (DL) set
Syntax of Action Signal to be used in Sequence Control Block for Timer Block:
Action Signal Explanation

Tag Name.OP.START To start the timer
Tag Name.OP.STOP To stop the timer
Tag Name.OP.WAIT To pause the timer while timing
Tag Name.OP.RSTR To resume the timing of timer from earlier stopped value
13.4.1.2 Implementation in Sequence Table
A simple logic using timer block is shown. Here when switch DI1 turns ON, the timer starts
timing till the PH value is reached. Once it reaches the time limit set, switch DO1 is turned ON.
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13.4.2 Invoking Relational Expression Block

Actions based on the comparison of two values can also be done in sequence table. A relational
block (RL) is used for this purpose. All the values that need to be compared are written in the RL
block and then invoked in the sequence table.
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Insert the RL block from [Sequence Elements 2] – [Relational Expression] in the Control Drawing
builder. All the values to be compared are written under the Relational Expression tab in the Edit
Detail window.
The values to be compared are written under the X and Y column. Select the operator as CMP for
comparison of values.
The entry format is: X CMP Y
FIC005.PV CMP 80.0 or
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FIC900.PV CMP FIC900.SV

Update the settings done.
The Relational Block is to be invoked in the Sequence Table. The comparators GT (Greater
Than), LT (Less Than), GE (Greater than or Equal to), LE (Less than or Equal to) and EQ (Equal
to) can be specified in the Sequence Table. Relational Expressions can be used only as a
condition signal in Sequence Table.
The use of RL block is as shown.

The format used in ST16 block is Tagname.Xyy,
where Tag name corresponds to RL block’s name given in Control Drawing,
X-fixed format,
yy-serial number of the condition written inside RL block.
When the condition is satisfied the corresponding action is executed.
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13.5 Concept of Logic Chart
Logic Chart Block (LC64) can be used to combine or arrange the signals of other function
blocks, process I/O and software I/O into an application for interlock sequence control.
Logic Chart is the function block that describes the relation of input signals, the output signals
and logical operators in the interlocks.
The Logic Chart can be accessed from [Sequence] – [Logic Chart].
All the interlocks are written in the Edit Detail of the function block.
The function block diagram of Logic Chart block (LC64) is as shown:
All the interlocks are written in the Edit Detail of the LC64 block. The process timing of the LC64
block can also be set in the Edit detail. The default Start Timing is Periodic Execution Type (T).
Logic chart can handle 64 logical operators.
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13.5.1 Logic Operation Elements
AND: Logic Product

It gives one output based on multiple inputs. When all the inputs are true, the output becomes
true. The maximum number of inputs is 21.
OR: Logic Sum

It gives one output based on multiple inputs. When any of the input is true, the output becomes
true. The maximum number of inputs is 21.
NOT: Negation
It gives the inverse of the input as an output.
SRS1-R (1 output) SRS2-R (2 outputs)

Flip-Flop (Reset-Dominant): It gives one output or two outputs as shown in the following truth
table based on the set and reset input signals. One flip-flop operation is counted as two logic
operation elements.
SRS1-S (1 output), SRS2-S (2 outputs)

Flip-Flop (Set-Dominant): It gives one output or two outputs as shown in the following truth table
based on the set and reset input signals. One flip-flop operation is counted as two logic
operation elements
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WOUT: Wipeout
It gives an output which is an inverse of reset signal when reset signal is true, otherwise, it gives
the set signal as output. The truth table is as shown. One wipeout operation is counted as two
logic operation elements.
OND: On-Delay Timer

When the input status changes from 0 to 1, the
internal timer starts. When the set time t elapses, its
output changes from 0 to 1.
When the input status changes to 0, the output will

be reset to 0 immediately. The behavior of the on-
delay timer is as shown.
OFFD: Off-Delay Timer

When the input status changes from 1 to 0, the
internal timer starts.
When the set time t elapses, its output changes
from 1 to 0.
When the input status changes to 1, the output
will be reset to 1 immediately.
The behavior of the off-delay timer is as shown.
TON: One-Shot (Rise Trigger)

When the input status changes from 0 to 1, it gives an output 1 for a one scan cycle. The output
is always 0 except for that 1 scan cycle.
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TOFF: One-Shot (Fall Trigger)

When the input status changes from 1 to 0, it gives an output 1 for a one scan cycle. The output
is always 0 except for that 1 scan cycle.
13.6 Generation of Interlock using Logic

Chart
Select the logic chart LC64 block from [Sequence] – [Logic chart]. Open the edit detail of the
block to write the interlocks.
Click on the Select Element icon. In the window that pops up select the desired input element.
Click on symbol list to view the various types of elements available. Select the desired type. In
the example shown, an input + comment type of element is selected.
Enter the comment and the input condition. Once the desired number of input elements is
selected, select the output element. The procedure is same as before. The output element is as
shown.
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Select the desired logic operation elements in a similar fashion. Select the wiring icon and single
click from where the wiring has to start and double click at where the wiring has to end. A
completed logic application developed in LC64 is as shown.
In the example shown if both the inputs are ON, SIO11 gives the start command.
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Call “Tag name space LOGIC”, to view the logics written. Double click on the elements to view
the faceplates and execute the logic. Please note that the LC64 block must be in AUT.
The above logic can be modified to include an on-delay timer. The on-delay timer can be used to
introduce a time delay. The logic is as shown.
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Update the edit detail window. Click on the File-Download option to save the Control Drawing.
The required time delay can be set from the tuning view of the LC64 block. In the tuning view, set
the time delay required from the ‘Set time of Internal Timer 01’ parameter.
Once the settings are done, the application logic can be executed.
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14. REPORT PACKAGE
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14.1 Flow of Report 287
14.2 Types of Report 288
14.3 Creation of Report 288

14.3.1 Creation of Report using Open Report 289
14.3.2 Creation of Report using New Report 293
14.4 Triggering of Report 296

14.4.1 Using Scheduler 296
14.4.2 Using Graphic Pushbutton 297
14.5 Viewing Generated Reports 299
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14.1 Flow of Report

The Report Package is a Microsoft Excel application running on HIS or PC to collect various
types of data from FCS or HIS. Using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet we can print out the data in
format of reports from HIS or PC.
The figure below shows the flow of the Report. Data for the reports are accessed via OPC
interface.
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14.2 Types of Report

CENTUM VP Report Package supports different types of Report.
14.3 Creation of Report

Let us now look at the steps for creation of Report. The creation procedure remains the same for
all types of Report.
Hence, this topic explains the steps for creation of a Snap Shot Report.
Open the Report Package function of CENTUM VP from [Start] – [Programs] – [YOKOGAWA
CENTUM] – [Report Package].
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In the Report Package function that opens, there are two ways of creating a Report:
¾ Using Open Report
¾ Using New Report
14.3.1 Creation of Report Using Open Report

While using the Open Report option, there are predefined reports files called as templates that
are available in CENTUM VP Report Package. These templates are opened and the report file is
created by assigning the data to it.
Step 1
From the File Menu, select the option Open Report. In the Select Report Format that opens,
select the desired format of Report.
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Step 2
A sample format of Snapshot Report appears. The Report page or Template contains predefined
parameters that can now be directly configured.
To define the parameters in a Report Package, select the Data Assignment option from the
Report menu.
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Step 3
The Assign Data dialog box appears. The parameter to be assigned is defined in this Assign Data
dialog box. The Tag name and data item is assigned in the Tag Data option available in Assign
Data dialog box.
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Once the Tag Data is assigned, click on Read Data Information. The Tag Information is read.
Select the next data assignment position and assign in a similar fashion. Once all the
assignments are done, click on OK.
Step 4
A completed data assignment is as shown.
Step 5
After the data assignment is complete, the report needs to be saved. To save the report, select
the [Save As] option from the [File] menu.
In the Save Report Format dialog box enter the File name. Once the Report is saved, close the
report from the [Close Report] option under the [File] menu.
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Step 6
For the HIS to locate the report file and store the parameters assigned, the destination or the
reference of the report file has to be given. This is done by loading the created file to the Master.
To load the report, select the [Load] option from the [File] Menu.
The Load dialog box appears. The Sample list contains the list of reports created. Select the
report from sample list and load it to the Master. Click on Exit to complete the loading.
14.3.2 Creation of Report Using New Report

In this type of report generation the user can decide the parameters that need to be stored in the
Excel spreadsheet.
Step 1
Login to Report Package and select the option [New Report] from File menu. Select the Type of
Report to be generated. Let us consider Snapshot Report.
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Step 2
In the file that opens, the format of Report file has to be assigned. To assign the format of the
report, select [Format Design] option from the Report Menu.
A Set Format dialog box appears where the type of the report is selected. In this case, the type of
the report selected is Snapshot.
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Step 3
On clicking Select Position, a Set Position dialog box appears. Set the row and column number
and click on OK.
A format design dialog box appears on the screen. In the Format Design dialog box that pops up
the data items required can be selected. Select the data item required and click on the Arrow
tab to include it in the Set Elements.
Once the data items are selected, click [Apply] to finalize the data items. The items are now
added to the specified position. Click on [Next] to apply the format design to the subsequent
positions. Click on [Close] to complete the Format Design of the Excel sheet.
Step 4
The Format designed is as shown. The next step is Data Assignment. Click on Data Assignment
option from the Report menu to open the Assign data dialog box.
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The rest of the creation procedure is as explained earlier.
14.4 Triggering of Report

For the Snapshot report to store data, it needs to be triggered. All the reports created can be
triggered
¾ Using Scheduler
¾ Using Graphic Push Button
14.4.1 Using Scheduler

The Scheduler is a function provided by CENTUM VP to schedule the opening of windows and
also invoking reports. The Scheduler falls under the CONFIGURATION folder under a HIS.
Double click on the file to open the Scheduler Builder.
The syntax to invoke a report is: F BKHRPT –n (filename) –f.
In the Scheduler builder also set the time, when the Report has to be invoked. An example is as
shown.
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The Period tab sets the time interval between the reports generated and Times of Repeat tab
sets the number of times the report has to be generated. Save the settings done from the File-
Download tab.
In the example image shown, the report SAMPLESNAPSHOT is invoked everyday at 7:15 in the
morning and is repeated three times in a day at an interval of 4 hours.
All the reports generated are stored as separate files.
14.4.2 Using Graphic Pushbutton

Set the Properties of a Graphic push button as shown.
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Once the settings are done, save the Graphic Builder from the File-Download tab.
When the operator clicks on the REPORT pushbutton, the Report is triggered.
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14.5 Viewing Generated Reports

The generated report file is stored as an excel sheet. The required report file is viewed by
opening the file by the following steps.
Step 1
Login to the Report Package again to view the report generated.
Step 2
To open the report file, select [History] from the [Report] Menu. This History option holds the list
of the loaded report files. All the report files generated for the particular report are listed out
along with the Time and Date of generation. The required report can be selected from the list.
Step 3
Select the required file to be viewed and click [Open] to view the file.
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The image below shows the recorded data of the tags assigned to the report file. Since the
report type is a snap shot type the data at the particular date and time of invoking is shown.
Depending on the type of report selected, the data stored in the file would vary.
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15. DOWNLOAD
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15.1 Download 303

15.1.1 Offline Download 303
15.1.2 Online Download 306
15.1.2.1 Online Download Upon Creation and Modification of 307
Application Logic
15.1.2.2 Online Download Upon Creation and Deletion of I/O Cards 307
15.1.3 IOM Download 309
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15.1 Download
The download function transfers the FCS execution data from the HIS to the FCS. The execution
data is a database containing the application logic to be copied on to the processor card of the
FCS.
There are three different types of download that can be carried out on the FCS:
¾ Offline download
¾ Online download
¾ IOM download
15.1.1 Offline Download

This function downloads a database generated by application logic developed in the HIS. During
the download, the functions running on the FCS stop and resume the operation after the
completion of download. During offline download the already existing image in the CPU of FCS is
completely erased and replaced by the new image of the project.
Offline downloading is performed when one of the following changes is performed in the project:
¾ When adding an FCS

¾ When the FCS properties have been changed
Steps for performing Offline Download are as follows:
Step 1
Perform the download of the Project Common Section. This equalizes the common project
information to all the HIS connected.
Select the Project to be equalized and Click on Download Project Common Section option from
the Load Menu.
The system prompts for confirmation. Click [OK] to download the common part of the project to
all equalized stations.
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Step 2
Perform offline download to FCS. This stops all the functions running in the FCS targeted for the
downloading. The data defined under the FCS folder of the default project or current project is
downloaded to the FCS offline all at once.
Select the FCS folder of the FCS to which the download needs to be executed. Select [Download]
-[Offline Download to FCS] from the [Load] menu. All FCS functions stops completely and data is
downloaded to the FCS off-line.
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Step 3
The system prompts for confirmation. Click on [OK] to confirm FCS offline download.
The system next prompts for the save of tuning parameters. If the download is being done for the
first time, Click [No] else if tuning parameters need to be saved, click on [Yes].
Step 4
The system now starts the Offline download, during which a generation message dialog box
appears indicating the startup of the offline download. During the download the FCS fails and
only on completion of download, the FCS processor card becomes active.
If offline download is being done for the first time, this procedure has to be repeated for all the
FCS used in the project.
Step 5
On the completion of Offline download to FCS, perform the downloading of HIS Definitions. This
downloads the contents defined using the HIS-related builders to each HIS.
Select the HIS folder of the download destination HIS. Then select the [Download to HIS] option
from the [Load] menu in the System View.
The system prompts for confirmation. Click on [OK].
This has to be repeated for all the HIS used in the project.
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Offline Download is now complete.
15.1.2 Online Download

This function downloads only those application logics created in the HIS that were updated since
the last download. The functions running on the FCS keep operating during the download as
well.
Online download can be performed in the following instances:
¾ Creation and modification of application logic developed

¾ Creation and deletion of I/O cards
¾ Creation and modification of user defined windows
For all the above instances the procedure of Online Download is the same.
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15.1.2.1 Online Download Upon Creation and Modification of Application Logic
When application logic is modified or created, click on the [Download] tab from the [File] menu in
the Control drawing builder. This performs an online download to the FCS.
Click [OK] button on the dialog box [Downloading Confirmation Dialog]
15.1.2.2 Online Download Upon Creation and Deletion of I/O Cards
When an I/O card is created or deleted from the FCS online download is performed
automatically.
Step 1
Create a new IOM from the [Create New]-[IOM] option of the Node. Click on OK to confirm the
creation.
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Step 2
On Confirmation the I/O card is created Online. The same steps apply for the deletion of I/O
cards.
The online download procedure during creation and modification of User Defined Windows
remains the same.
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15.1.3 IOM Download

This function downloads the execution data that was active in an input / output module to a new
input / output module after replacing it. The data of the input / output module saved in the HIS is
downloaded. This download can be performed when replacing hardware of input / output
module.
Step 1
Select the FCS station status display window, under which the I/O card has to be replaced.
Step 2
Double click on the Node where the I/O card has to be replaced.
In the I/O unit window that pops up the failed card would be in the Not Ready state. Replace the
failed card with the replacement I/O card.
Step 3
Select the failed card and click on IOM load. The IOM Load window indicates the progress of IOM
download. Once the IOM load is completed, the new card is now ready to use.
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16. PROJECT BACKUP AND

RESTORATION
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16.1 Project Backup 313

16.1.1 Backup Tool 313
16.1.2 Project Backup Procedure 313
16.1.3 Backup at Completion of Engineering 315
16.1.4 Backup Specified by User 315
16.2 Project Restoration 316
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16.1 Project Backup

By making backup copies of project data, the newest project data can be protected from data
loss due to hardware failures such as a disk crash.
16.1.1 Backup Tool

Using Windows explorer the whole project folder can be copied to an external media. All files
and folders under the project folder can be backed up.
However, when the project has to be backed up to a different hard disk or to a different PC via
network, the Project Backup Tool introduced here is a useful program which can backup the
project conveniently.
The backup tool can be started from both System View and Recipe View. The backup processing
started from System View and the backup processing started from Recipe View act independent
of each other. The operation of the backup tool started from Recipe View is the same as the
operation of the backup tool started from System View.
In this section, the operation of the backup tool started from System View is explained.
When using the backup function, it is necessary to set certain items of backup information
(whether or not each project is to be backed up, and the backup destination if backed up) for
each project first.
16.1.2 Project Backup Procedure

Step 1
Create a new folder for backup on another PC on the network and make sure it is shared.
Step 2
Specify the backup path in System View. To specify the backup folder created, select the Project
and from the Tools Menu select Set Backup. The Backup Setting window pops up.
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Step 3
In the Backup Setting Tool, select the Project to be backed up and set the backup path by
browsing.
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The Project back up path is now set. The project can be backed up by two methods:
¾ Backup at the completion of Engineering
¾ Backup at any time specified by user
16.1.3 Backup at Completion of Engineering

All specified project data is backed up when engineering is completed and System View is
exited.
Each time the System View is closed, the system prompts for backup through the Backup
specification window.
Click on [Back up] if a backup is needed.
16.1.4 Backup Specified by User

The user backs up only the project data that needs to be backed up at any timing in System
View.
To take a backup at any time, select the [Start Backup] option from the [Tools] Menu. In the
Backup specification window click on Back up to backup the project in the specified folder.
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16.2 Project Restoration

The backed up project data can be registered into the System View through the Project
Attribution Utility. Copy the project into the engineering station and register the project to view it
in the System View.
Open the Project Attribution Utility and select Register. In the Registration of Project window
that pops up, select the project from the backup path earlier specified.
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Once the project is selected, specify the attribute of the project. Click on OK to complete the
registration of backed up project.
The Project Attribution Utility now shows the Project registered. The Project can now be viewed
in the System View.
Click on Exit to complete the restoration of the project.
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TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition
INDEX
A D
Action Rule ................................................. 268 Data Bar ..................................................... 192

Action Signal............................................... 153 Data Character ........................................... 190
Alarm Output Off (AOF)............................... 134 Database Type .............................................. 83
Analog Control System.................................... 5 Default Project ............................................ 102
Analog I/O ..................................................... 74 Digital Control System .................................... 6
Annunciator Message.................................. 156 Digital I/O...................................................... 35
ANS- Alarm ................................................. 233 Distributed Control System ............................. 7
ANS+ Alarm ................................................ 233 Download ................................................... 301
Answerback Input ...................................... 235 Downward Velocity Limit............................. 228
Arithmetic Functions................................... 244
AUT..............................................................114 E
Auto Selector Block .................................... 205
Engineering Station............................... ..15
B Enhanced Remote Bus........................... ..54
Ethernet Subnet Mask............................ ..90
Backup Procedure ...................................... 313 Ethernet TCP/IP Settings....................... ..90
Bar Type ..................................................... 192 Exit Statement....................................... 243
Basic Scan.................................................... 35 Extended Serial Backboard Bus............. ..54
Batch-Rotary Type ...................................... 178
Batch-Stop Type.......................................... 178 F
Buzzer ACK ID .............................................. 88
Faceplate Block ...................................... 120
C FCS Creation ............................................ 83
FCS Functions ........................................ 304
CALCU Block .............................................. 241 Feedback Control ....................................... 4
Calibration Mode......................................... 134 Feedback Input....................................... 235
Cascade Loop............................................. 114 FFCS.. ...................................................... 49
Centralized Control System............................. 6 FOUT Block ............................................ 211
Closed Loop................................................ 111 Frame ...................................................... 11
Common Switch .......................................... 250 Function Block........................................ 108
Communication Bus ........................................ 9
Condition Rule ............................................ 267 G
Condition Signal.......................................... 153
Console type HIS .......................................... 87 Global Switches.......................................... 253
Contact Input ................................................ 35 Goto Statement........................................... 243
Continuous-Rotary Type ............................. 177 Graphic Color Change................................. 192
Control Bus Subnet Mask .............................. 89 Graphic View............................................... 183
Control Drawing View.................................. 152
Control Group View ..................................... 160 H
Control Group View 16-loop ........................ 164
Control Statements ..................................... 243 High Speed Read .......................................... 97
Current Project ............................................. 79 HIS Creation ................................................. 87
Human Interface Station ............................... 15

Ind-2
I P
If Statement ................................................ 243 Periodic Execution ...................................... 266

Instrument Faceplate .................................. 117 PFCD .............................................................21
Interlock Input............................................. 235 Primary Direct Mode ................................... 116
Interlocks.................................................... 263 Primary Variable ......................................... 114
Internal Switch............................................ 249 Printout Message ........................................ 157
Invoking Messages...................................... 271 Process Alarm ............................................ 138
Invoking RL Block ....................................... 275 Process Alarm View .................................... 138
Invoking Timer Block................................... 272 Process Input Output .................................... 34
IOM Creation ................................................. 95 Process Report View .................................. 148
IOM Download............................................. 309 Process Timing ........................................... 265
Project Attribution Utility............................. 102
K Project Backup ........................................... 313
KFCS... ......................................................... 41 Project Creation............................................ 77
Project Restoration ..................................... 316
L
R
Latched Signal............................................ 268
Layer 2 Switch............................................ ..70 Ratio Set Block............................................ 216
Layer 3 Switch............................................ ..71 Recording Span ......................................... 180
LFCS........................................................... ..27 Regulatory Control Block ............................ 109
Local Node.................................................. ..53
Logic Chart View......................................... 154 S
Logic Operation Elements ........................... 279
Sampling Period.......................................... 179
M Scan Period .................................................. 85
Scheduler ................................................... 296
Manual Loader Block................................... 221 Secondary Variable..................................... 114
Manually Register Engineering Unit Symbol .. 82 Signal Limiting Loop ................................... 226
Manually Register Switch Position Label ....... 82 Signal Selector Block .................................. 201
Masking Time .............................................. 233 Soft Keys .................................................... 194
Message Output .......................................... 257 SPLIT Block ................................................ 206
MIL Connector .............................................. 74 Split Control................................................ 208
MLD-PVI Block ............................................ 221
MLD-SW Block ............................................ 222 T
Motor Control Block .................................... 234
Tag Assignment ......................................... 161
N Tag Mark ..................................................... 122
TPCFL Block ............................................... 223
Node Comment ............................................. 93 Trend Block ................................................ 175
Node Creation............................................... 91 Trend Format .............................................. 175
Node Interface Unit....................................... 91 Trend Pen Assignment ................................ 181
Trend Point View ......................................... 175
O
Off Delay Timer ....................................... 280 W
Offline Download..................................... 303
On Delay Timer ....................................... 280 Wallpaper ................................................... 186
One-Shot Execution ................................ 266 Wipeout Block............................................. 280
Online Download ..................................... 306
Open Loop .............................................. 108
Operation Control Key............................. 163
Operation Group Identifier ........................89
Operation Mark ....................................... 124
Operator Guide Message......................... 157
Operator Station .........................................9
Other Station Acquisition Trend............... 182
Output Timing ......................................... 267
Overview Assignment.............................. 166
Overview View ........................................ 165

i
Revision Information
Title : CENTUM VP Engineering and Maintenance Training Manual

Manual No. : TE Y109JN01E-VPEM
JUNE 2009 /1st Edition/R4.01 or later

Newly published
Written by Training centre

Customer Service Division
Yokogawa India Limited

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The Training manual consists of multiple chapters

Each chapter consists of multiple topics.

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

Indicates that the main switch is ON.

Indicates that the main switch is OFF.

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

 Notes on Handling Manuals

 Warning and Disclaimer

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

Commonly used conventions throughout manuals:

Character string to be entered:

Character string enclosed by brackets ({ }):

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

z Conventions used to show key or button operations:

Conventions used in command syntax or program statements:

Characters enclosed by angle-brackets:

Characters enclosed by brackets ([ ]):

Characters enclosed by separators ( ):

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

Copyright and Trademark Notices

TE Y109JN01E-VPEM 1st Edition: Jun 2009

CENTUM VP Engineering and

Chapter Topic Page Number

01. Introduction to Distributed Control System 02

02. System Configuration 12

03. RIO Type Field Control Station 19

04. FIO Type Field Control Station 39

05. FIO Type Field Control Station (FFCS-L) 59

06. Project Creation 77

07. Creation of Control Loops - I 106

08. Instrument Faceplate 117

09. System Defined Windows 128

10. User Defined Views 158

11. Creation of Control Loops - II 198

12. Software Inputs / Outputs 247

13. Interlocks 263

14. Report Package 285

15. Download 301

16. Project Backup and Restoration 311

Table of contents Page Number

1.1 Basic Control Loop 4

1.2 Process Control Methodology 4

1.3 Process Control Systems 5

1.3.1 Analog Control System 5

1.4 Digital Control Systems 6

1.4.1 Centralized Control System 6

1.5 Distributed Control System 9

1.5.1 Yokogawa’s Contribution 10

1.1 Basic Control Loop

1.2 Process Control Methodology

1.3 Process Control Systems

• Analog Control Systems

Analog control system uses operational amplifiers to do the control function.

Final Control Element

1.3.2 Digital Control System

Digital control system uses microprocessors to do the control function.

1.4 Digital Control Systems

• Centralized Control Systems (CCS)

1.4.1 Centralized Control System

Centralized Control, Centralized Monitoring

Notes on Handling Manuals

Warning and Disclaimer