DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF PIPNG AS PER ASME B31.

3 2004 EDITION
BY SRINIVASAN.R MFF ENGINEERING

1 THICKNESS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE CLAUSE 304.1.2 (3a)

1 Calculate the thickness for 10" pipe having internal Pressure of 18 bar, design temp= 270 deg C material
of pipe - A312 TP304 (ERW). Also find MAWP and rating of flange. Flange material - A182 GR F304

a) To calculate thickness under internal pressure refer clause 304.1.2 (3a)

t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A

where P= Design Pressure in PSI = 18 x 14.5 = 261psi

DO= outside diameter of pipe in inches =10.75"
S = Allowable stress value for material from Table A-1= 17302 psi
E=Quality factor from Table A-1A or A-1B =0.85
Y = Co-efficient from Table 304.1.1 = 0.4
C.A.= Corrosion allowance = 0 for SS

Interpolation to find S at 518 deg F

t= (261 x 10.75 / 2 (17302x0.85 + 261 x0.4)) + 0
= 2805.75 / 2(14706.7 + 104.4)
= 0.0947" = 2.4054 mm
add mill tolerance of 12.5%
Since 12.5% thk is considered for mill tolerance
the thickness calculated is for 87.5%.
for 87.5 % thk is 2.4054 for 100% it is
2.4054 /0.875 = 2.74 mm
For 10" pipe and thickness 2.74 mm nearest schedule is SCH 5S ie 3.4 mm
S at 500 deg F = 17.5 ksi
S at 600 deg F = 16.4 ksi
for S at 100 deg F = 1.1 ksi
so for 18 deg F = 1.1 x 18 / 100 =0.198 ksi
Since S value decreases for rise in
temperature
so S at 518 deg F is S at 500 deg F - S at
18 deg F = 17.5 - 0.198 = 17.302 ksi
1ksi =1000 psi hence S=17302 psi

please note that 0.875 of nom thk > minimum thk for 100% - 3.4 mm
0.875 x 3.4= 2.975 > 2.74 mm for 87.5% - 0.875 x 3.4 = 2.975

The nominal thickness of pipe is sch 5S (3.4 mm)

b) To calculate Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A

2tSE + PYT = PD0
PD0-PYT = 2tSE
P = 2tSE/ (D0-TY)
t= sch5S =3.4 mm = 0.134"
t without mill tolerance = 0.134 x 0.875 = 0.117"
P = 2 x 0.117 x 17302 x 0.85 / (10.75 - 0.117 x 0.4)
= 3441.37 / 10.703 = 321.53 psi = 22.6 kg/cm^2
Maximum allowable working pressure is 22.6 kg/cm^2

c) Rating of Flange

To find Rating of flange for A312 TP304 Pr=18 bar at 270 deg C refer ANSI B16.5 group 2.1 table 2-2

At 270 deg C 150 rating Pressure is 11.34 bar (by interpolation)

at 270 deg C 300 rating pressure is 31.7 bar (by interpolation)

Since MAWP is 22.6 kg/cm^2 which falls in 300 # group Flange rating is 300.

NOTE:- 1.SA106 GRB pipes are seamless only no ERW pipes are available.
2. For calculating thk of pipes t min = t calculated + c.a then add 12.5 % mill tolerance
tmin/0.875 = tnom
 2 THICKNESS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE CLAUSE 304.1.3

2 Calculate the pipe wall thickness for following design condition of jacketed pipe
Core pipe size = 8", internal pressure 50 bar at 250 deg C( 482 deg F) Jacket pipe size = 10" jacket
having saturated steamat 25 bar pressure C.A internal = 1.6 mm External = 1.0 mm
Material core pipe is A106 GR B jacketed pipe A53 GR B . L=6000 mm

a) calculate thickness of core pipe under internal Pressure

t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A

= (725*8.625/2*(19098*1+725*0.4)) + 2.6/25.4
= 0.263"
add 12.5% tolerance ie 0.875 x 0.263 = 0.3"= 8.18 mm
For 8" pipe and thickness 7.62 mm nearest schedule is SCH 40 ie 8.18 mm(0.322")

b) calculate thickness of core pipe under external Pressure

t = (nom thk x 0.875 ) - C.A

= (8.18 x 0.8750-2.6 = 4.5575 mm =0.1794"

L= Centreline length between any two sections stiffened.

find L/D0 and Do/ t L/D0 = 236.2/8.625 = 27.385 Do/ t = 8.625 / 0.1794 = 48.076
Factor A can be obtained from fig G of SEC II D SUBPART 3 L/ Do is defined in Y axis, for the value
of L/Do move horizontally to the line representing Do/t from the intersection move vertically downward
for obtaining factor A

by using L/Do and Do/ t find factor A which is 0.0005

According to material of pipe select the appropriate chart from SECIID SUBPART3
Factor B can be obtained from the intersection point of factor A and temperature in deg F on Y axis.

using the value of factor A and temperature in deg F find factor B which is 6800 psi

Pa= 4B/ 3(Do/t) = 4x 6800/ (3x 48.076) = 188.5 psi

Since Pa max allowable external pressure is less than actual pressure 25 kg/cm^2 (362.5 psi)
selected sch40 is not adequate. Hence repeat the procedure till Pa>P(actual pr)by increasing thk.

Select thk= sch80 t= 0.5 x 0.875 - 2.6/25.4 = 0.335"

L/Do =27.385 Do/t = 25.7 by graph factor A= 0.002 and B=10000 psi
Calculate Pa= 4x 10000/ 3 (25.7) = 518.8 psi
Since Pa>P thk Sch80 is adequate.

3 THICKNESS OF BEND AFTER BENDING CLAUSE 304.2.1

3 Calculate the thickness of bend after forming with the following datas
Design Pressure= 261 psi. 10" pipe design temperature = 518 deg f
long radius material of pipe is SA312 TP 304 ERW Pipe)

t= (PDo/ 2((SEW/I)+PY) ) +C.A.

W= weld joint strength reduction factor as per clause 302.3.5 = 1 upto 510 degC
& 0.5 above
= (261 X 10.75 / 2 (17300 X 0.85/ I + 261 X 0.4)) + 0

I at intrados inside bend radius I at extrados outside bend radius

= 4 (R1/D)-1 / (4 (R1/D)-2) = 4 (R1/D)+1 / (4 (R1/D)+2)
R1= bend radius of elbow or pipe bend = 1.5 D
hence I = 1.25 I=0.875

Substituting I in the above formula

t= 0.118" t= 0.083"

Thickening of the bend takes place at inside bend radius (ie intrados ) and thinning
takes place at outside bend radius (ie. Extrados)

To calculate the thickness of pipe before bending, the loss in thickness due to thinning at outer radius
shall be added to pipe thickness.
 pipe thickness is determined by t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A
=261*10.75/(2*(17300*0.85)+261*0.4)+0
=0.0947"

loss in thickness at extrados due to thinning = pipe thickness - thinning at extrados

= 0.0947 - 0.083
=0.0117"

Thickness of pipe before bending = pipe thickness + loss in thickness at extrados due to thinning
= 0.0947 " + 0.0117"
= 0.1064" = 2.703 MM
ADD 12.5% TOLERANCE
= 0.1064 / 0.875 = 0.1217" = 3.09 MM

For 10" pipe and thickness 3.09 mm nearest schedule is SCH 5S ie 3.4 mm

please note that 0.875 of nom thk > minimum thk for 100% - 3.4 mm
0.875 x 3.4= 2.975 > 2.703 mm for 87.5% - 0.875 x 3.4 = 2.975

The nominal thickness of bend is sch 5S (3.4 mm)

4 THICKNESS OF MULTIPLE MITRE BENDS CLAUSE 304.2.3 (A)

4 Calculate the thickness of bend after forming with the following datas
Design Pressure= 261 psi. 10" pipe design temperature = 518 deg f
long radius material of pipe is SA312 TP 304 ERW Pipe) ANGLE THEETA= 22.5 DEG

Pm = SEW (T-c) / r2 (( T-c) / ( (t-c) + 0.643 TAN THEETA SQRT (r2 (T-c))) ------ 1

r2 = Mean radius of pipe using nominalwall T= (OD- thk) / 2 =( 10.75 - 0.117) / 2 = 5.3165"
Assume Thk as SCH 5S = 3.4 mm = 3.4 x 0.875 = 2.975 /25.4 = 0.117"
Pm= allowable design internal pressure

Pm= 17302 x 0.85 (0.117-0) / 5.3165 ( (0.117-0) / (0.117-0) + 0.643 tan 22.5 sqrt (5.3165(0.117)))
= 1720.68 / 5.3165 ( 0.117 / 0.3270)
= 323.6497 x 0.3577 = 115. 779 psi

Pm = SEW (T-c) / r2 ((R1-r2) / (R1- 0.5 r2)) -------- 2

=17302*0.85*1*(0.117-0)/((7.789-5.3165)/(7.789-0.5*5.3165))
= 323.6497 x 0.4818 = 155.96 psi

R1 = A/ Tan (theeta) + D / 2 from equation 5 of 304.2.3 (d) (5)

= 1/tan 22.5 + 10.75 / 2 = 7.789"

The lesser of equation 1 & 2 must be greater than Design pr otherwise increase the thickness

Increase the thickness to sch 20 = 6.35 mm = 0.875 x 6.35 = 5.56 mm = 0.218"

Pm = SEW (T-c) / r2 (( T-c) / ( (t-c) + 0.643 TAN THEETA SQRT (r2 (T-c))) ------ 1
= 17302 x 0.85 x 1 (0.2188-0) / 5.265 ((0.2118-0) / (0.2118 - 0) + 0.643 tan 22.5 sqrt ( 5.265 x 0.218)))
= 611.17 (0.4296)
= 262.54 psi

Pm = SEW (T-c) / r2 ((R1-r2) / (R1- 0.5 r2)) -------- 2

=17302*0.85*1*(0.218-0)/ 5.265 ((7.789-5.265)/(7.789-0.5*5.265))
= 611.18 x 0.489 = 298.86 psi

R1 = A/ Tan (theeta) + D / 2 from equation 5 of 304.2.3 (d) (5)

= 1/tan 22.5 + 10.75 / 2 = 7.789"

The lesser of equation 1 & 2 must be greater than Design pr otherwise increase the thickness
hence Pm=allowable int Pr = 262.54 psi > P Design Pr (261 psi) hence the thk Sch 20 is adequate
 5 THICKNESS OF BLANK CLAUSE 304.5.3

5) calculate the blank thickness for the below given data

Design Pressure = 261 psi , Design Temperature = 250 deg C (482 deg F) Pipe size= 10"
Spiral wound gasket inside diameter of gasket = 11.3 inches C.A= 0.063"

Thickness of Blank is determined by

t = dg (SQRT (3P / 16 SE ) + C.A
dg = inside diameter of gasket for raised or flat face flanges,
or the gasket pitch diameter for ring joint and fully retained gasketed flanges.
=11.3*(SQRT(3*261/16*19616*1)+0.063)
= 0.627" = 15.9 mm Interpolation for stress value at 482 deg F
S482 = S400-((S400-S500)/100 X82)
=20.6-((20.6-19.4/100)/100*82)
Provide thickness of Blank as 16 mm = 19.616 KSI = 19616 psi

NOTE:- If the blank is to be calculated for Hydrotest then P= Hydrotest Pressure

S = 0.9 x Yield strength of material at ambient temp
C.A. = 0.0 mm since hydrotest will not be more than 4 hours.

6 REINFORCEMENT OF WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS CLAUSE 304.3.3

5 Calculate the thickness of 6" branch pipe for the data mentioned below
Design Pr=18 bar Design Temperature = 270 deg C =518 deg F E=0.85 s=17302 psi C.A = 0.0
MOC of pipe = SA312 TP304 line size = 10"

A Thickness of Header Pipe

t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A

t= (261 x 10.75 / 2 (17302x0.85 + 261 x0.4)) + 0

= 0.0947" = 2.4054 mm
Minimum design thickness th=2.406 mm
th is the design thickness of header
add mill tolerance of 12.5%

2.4054 /0.875 = 2.74 mm

For 10" pipe and thickness 2.74 mm nearest schedule is SCH 5S ie 3.4 mm

please note that 0.875 of nom thk > minimum thk

0.875 x 3.4= 2.975 > 2.74 mm
Minimum thickness of header pipe without mill tolerance = T h= 2.975 mm

The nominal thickness of pipe is sch 5S (3.4 mm)

B Thickness of Branch Pipe

t = (PDO/ 2(SE+PY)) + C.A

t= (261 x 6.625" / 2 (17302x0.85 + 261 x0.4)) + 0

= 0.058" =1.4828 mm
Minimum design thickness tb=1.4828 mm
th is the design thickness of header
add mill tolerance of 12.5%

2.4054 /0.875 = 2.74 mm

For 6"" pipe and thickness 1.4828 mm nearest schedule is SCH 5S ie 2.77 mm

please note that 0.875 of nom thk > minimum thk

0.875 x 2.77= 2.4237 > 1.4828 mm
Minimum thickness of branch pipe without mill tolerance = T h= 2.4237 mm

The nominal thickness of branch pipe is sch 5S (2.77 mm)

d2= half width of reinforcement zone
d1= effective length removed from pipe at branch.
beeta = Angle between axes of branch and run
Tr= minimum thickness of reinforcing ring
d2= d1 or (Tb-C) + (Th-C) + d1/2 whichever is greater but in any case not more than Dh
= 2.4237 + 2.975 + (163.4526/2) =87.125 mm
d1 = (Db - 2 (Tb - c) / sin (beeta)
= 163.4526 mm = 6.435"

L4 =height of reinforcement zone outside f run pipe

= 2.5 (Th-c) or 2.5 (Tb-c) + Tr whichever is less
= 2.5 (2.975 -0) or 2.5 (2.4237 - 0) +0
= 7.4375 or 6.059 mm
L4= 6.06 mm = 0.2385"
Reinforcement zone = 2d2 x L4

Reinforcement area required is A1= th d1 (2- sin beeta)

= 2.406 x 163.4526 (2-1) = 393.267 mm^2

Area available for Reinforcement from excess thk in run pipe

A2 = (2d2-d1) (Th-th-c)
= (( 2 x 16.45) -163.45) (2.975 -2.406-0) = 93 mm^2

A3= Area available for reinforcement from excess thickness in branch pipe
= 2 L4 (Tb-tb-c) / sin beeta
=2*6.06*(2.4237-1.4828-0)/1
= 11.403 mm^2

A4= Area in branch weld

tc=0.7 tmin = 0.7 x 2.77 = 1.939
Min leg dimension = 1.939 / 0.707 = 2.74 mm = 0.1079"
A4= 2 x 1/2 x (0.1079)^2 = 0.0116"=0.29 mm

Total area available for reinforcement = 93 + 11.403 +0.29 = 104.69 mm^2

Additional Area required for reinforcement = 393.267 - 104.69

= 288.56 mm^2

width of pad = difference of area / thickness of pad (Th)

= 288.57 / 2.975
= 97 mm

Pad OD = Outside dia of pipe + width = 168 + 97 =265 mm

Provide pad of OD = 265 mm x ID of pad 168(od of 6" pipe) x 3.4 mm thk

 7 DESIGN OF WELDNECK FLANGE AS PER CLAUSE 304.5.1

7) Design a weldneck flange to suit 10" pipe 300 rating for the following data
Design pr P= 18 bar = 261 psi Design temp t = 270 deg C (518 deg f)
Bolting material = SA193 GR B7 Flange material = SA 105 flat ring gasket of 1/8" thk.

Refer clause 304.5.1 of B31.3 which interm refers to appendix 2 of ASME SEC VIII DIVI

For designing a flange, the dimension of B16.5 are taken into consideration then to check
whether induced stress are within allowable limit then by iteration the dimensions are
optimised to get a optimum flange.

The following dimensions of B16.5 are considered for 10" flange

A= OD of flange = 17.5" B= id of flange = 10.02" Thk of flange t = 1.81"
Length of hub = 2.81" PCD =15.25" go = thk of hub at small end= 0.365
Thk of hub at large end = g1=1.3" studs= 1" 16 nos 6.25 long R=1.25"

For gaskets (non-metallic) refer B16.21 Gasket OD = 14.25" Gasket ID =10.75"

from appendix 2 table -2-5.1 for compressed gasket 1/8" thk m=2 y=1600

Sfo =allowable stress of flange at design temp = 19112 psi

Sfa =allowable stress of flange at atm temp = 23300 psi
Sb =allowable stress of bolting at design temp = 25000 psi
Sa =allowable stress of bolting at atm temp = 25000 psi

b = effective gasket or joint contact surface seating width Note 1 2-5 (c)(1)
bo= basic seating width from table 2-5.2
b=bo when bo< = 1/4" (6mm) and b=sqrt (bo/2) when bo > 1/4 in (6 mm)

N = gasket width = gas od - gas id /2 14.25 -10.75 /2 = 1.75"

As per table 2-4 bo= N / 2 = 0.875"
since bo>1/4" b= sqrt (0.875/2) = 0.6614 "
G = diameter at location of gasket load reaction when bo>1/4"
G= gas OD - 2b = 14.25 - 2 (0.6614) = 12.93"

Wm2 = Minimum required bolt load for gasket seating lb

Wm1= minimum required bolt load for operating condition.
Hp = total joint contact surface compression Load
H=total hydrostatic end force
Wm2 = b PI G y = 0.6614 x pi x 12.93 x 1600 = 42986.55 lb
Hp= 2b PI Gmp = 2 x 0.6614 x PI x 12.93 x 2 261 = 2048.72 lb
H= G^2 PI p / 4 = 12.93^2 x PI x 261 /4 = 34271.05 lb
Wm1 = Hp + H = 62319.77 lb

Am= total required cross sectional area of bolts

Am is greater of Wm2 / Sa = 1.719 or Wm1/ Sb =2.493
Am= 2.493"
Ab= cross sectional area of bolts using the root diameter of the thread or least
diameter of unthreaded portion from table D-5 of TEMA for 1" = 0.551"
Ab = 0.551 x 16 = 8.816"
W = 0.5 (Am + Ab ) Sa = 0.5 (2.493 + 8.816) 25000 = 141362.5 lb

Moment calculations
Hd = Hydrostatic end force on area inside of flange LB
Hg = Gasket load
Ht = difference between total hydrostatic end force and the hydrostatic end force
on area inside of flange
hd = radial distance from bolt circle to the circle on which Hd acts
hg = radial distance from gasket load reaction to the bolt circle
ht = radial distance from bolt circle to the circle on which Ht acts.
Md , Mg & Mt are respective moments.
Hd=pi b^2 p /4 =pi x 10.02^2 x 261 /4 =20580.97 lb
Hg= Wm1 - H = 62319.77 - 34271.05 = 28048.72 lb
Ht= H- Hd = 34271.05 - 20580.97 = 13690.08 lb

hd = R+ 0.5 g1 = 1.25 + 0.5 (1.3) = 1.9 "

hg = 0.5 (C- G) = 0.5 (15.25 - 12.93) = 1.16"
ht = 0.5 (R+g1 + hg) = 0.5 (1.25 + 1.3+1.16) = 1.855"

Moment acting upon flange for operating condition

Md = Hd hd = 20580.97 x 1.9 = 39103.84 Lb-in
Mg = Hg hg = 28048.72 x 1.16 = 32536.52 lb-in
Mt = Ht ht = 13690.08 x 1.855 = 25395.098 lb-in
M0 = Md + Mg + Mt = 97035.46 lb- in

Moment due to seating(gasket)

Hg= W = 141362.5 Lb hg = 1.16 Mo' = Hg x hg =163980.5 lb-in

K and Hub factors

K = A/B = 17.05 /10.02 = 1.7465 "
Using the value of K from fig 2-7.1 of appendix 2 of ASME SECVIII DIV1 find T,U,Y and Z
T= 1.8 U =4 Y=3.7 Z = 2 g1/go = 1.3/ 0.365 = 3.562
To find factor F, V and f find h/ho
for g1/go =3.562 & h/ho = 2.81 / sqrt (10.02 x 0.365) = 1.469
from fig 2-7.2 F =0.59
from fig 2-7.3 V=0.04
from fig 2-7.6 f=1.0

e= F/ho = 0.308 d= U/V x ho x go^2 = 25.473

stress formula factors
alfa = te+1 = (1.81 x 0.308 + 1) = 1.5575
beta = 4/3 te + 1 = 4/3 (1.81 x 0.308)+1 = 1.743
lambda = gama + delta = 0.865 + 0.233 = 1.098

Using the governing moment = 163980.5 lb-in find the following stresses.
Longitudinal hub stress Sh= fMo / lambda x b x g1^2 = 8819.33 < 1.5 Sfa=34950psi
Radial flange stress Sr = beta x Mo / lambda x t^2 = 7929.8 < Sf0 = 19112 psi
Tangential flange stress St= Mo Y/ t^2 X B - Z x Sr =2623.23 <Sfo = 19112 psi
Combined stress shall be greater of 0.5 (Sh + Sr) & 0.5 (Sh+ St)
= greater of 8374.56 & 5721.28 ie 8374.56 < Sfo =19112 psi

Hence the design is safe.

 8 DESIGN OF BLIND FLANGE AS PER CLAUSE 304.5.2

8) For the above flange data find the thickness of blind flange when it is directly welded & when it is bolted.

Clause 304.5.2 of ASME B31.3 refers to UG-34 of SEC VIII DIVI

The minimum required thickness of flat unstayed circular heads, covers & blind flanges shall be calculated by
t = d (sqrt (c x p / S x E)) except when the head , cover or blind flange is attached by
bolts carrying an edge moment
p= design Pressure
S = allowable stress from Table A-1 of B31.3
E = Quality factor from table A-1a or A-1B of B1.3
C= factor from UG-34 of SECVIII DIV 1 C= 0.33
d = Diameter as shown in fig UG-34 (inside dia of pipe)

t = 10.02 (SQRT ( 0.33 X 261 / 19112 X1 )) + C.A

= 0.673" = 17.09 MM

When the head , cover or blind flange is bolted the thickness is calculated by
t = d x sqrt ( cx p / SxE + 1.9 W hg / Sed^3 ) + C.A

d = Diameter at gasket location of gasket load reaction shown

For operating condition W = Wm1 = 62319.7.7 Lb (from flange calculation)
hg = C- G /2 = 1.16"

t operating = 12.93 x sqrt ( 0.33 x 261 / 19112 x 1 ) + ( 1.9 x 62319.77 x 1.16 ) / 19112 x 1 x (12.93)^3 )
= 1.144" = 29.06 mm

For gasket seating condition P=0 W= (Am+ Ab /2 ) Sa = 141362.5 Lb

t= 12.93 sqrt ( 1.9 x 141362.5 x 1.16 / 19112 x 1 x 12.93 ^3 ) = 1.1228 = 28.5 mm

Since t operating is governing provide blind flange thickness as 29.06 = 30 mm approximately.

9 CALCULATION OF BOLT TORQUE FROM DENNIS . R . MOSSES

9) For the flange designed above find the torque required to tigjhten the bolt.

Pe = equivalent pressure including external loads, psi

Pr = radial load Lb = 0
M= external bending moment = 0
G= diameter at location of gasket load reaction , in
Ag = Actual joint contact area of gasket , in^2
Eb= modulus of elasticity of bolting material from table-6 of B31.3 =25.71 x 10^6 psi
Eg= modulus of elasticity of gasket material from table -6 of b31.3 = 25.71 x 10^6 psi
Delta F= decreasing compression force in gasket Delta F in Lb
Fbo = Intial required tightening force in tension
K = Total friction factor between bolt/nut and nut / flange face = 0.1 ( Lubricated)
= 0.2 (non lubricated)
dm= pitch diameter of threads in in = 0.9188 in for 1" size from B18.2.1
Lb= effective length of bolt mid nut to mid nut in inches = 6.25 - 1 = 5.25"

Pe = 16 M / PI x G^3 + 4 Pr / PI x G^2 + P
Pe = P
H= PI /4 X G^2 x Pe = PI/4 x 912.93)^2 x 261 = 34271.05 lb
Hp = 2bPI Gm Pe = 28048.72
Wm2 = PI x b x G x y = 42986.55 lb
Ag= 2xPI x b x G = 53.73 in^2

Delta F = H / ( 1 + ( (Ab x Eb x tg) /( Agx Egx Lb)))

= 34,1256 psi

Fbo = Hp + delta F = 28048.72 + 34126.4 = 62175 . 14 psi

Total tightening force required to seal the joint W lb

W = greater of Fbo or Wm2 Wm2 = 62175.14 psi

T = K W dm / 12 n n = no. of bolts
= 0.1 x 62175.14 x 0.9188 / 12 x 16
= 29.75 ft-lb