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Contents
Chapter 8 — Water
2, 3, 4
Observation Inference Other information required
Window of jeweller’s is There has been a robbery. Window broken from the outside.
broken No other possible cause for the
Alarm in the shop is ringing breakage.
There is no fault in the alarm system
or other reason for the alarm to be
triggered.
Jewellery missing from the window
display.
Person in the RH car is Driver is the robber. Fingerprints found on the window or
wearing a balaclava. on fittings within the shop front.
Jewellery in the car.
Skid marks on the road. LH car tried to stop. Statement of events from the driver
or other witnesses.
Car on right should have given Driver not thinking, Statement from the ‘robber’.
way. driving too fast trying to Statements from other witnesses.
get away from the robbery.
5 I know that brown sugar, white sugar and salt dissolved in water because they could not be seen in the
water, the water was still clear.
If a substance stays on the bottom or floats on the top when mixed with water it is not soluble.
8 Possible suggestions
Smell or taste the water. (Alert students to the safety factors associated with tasting an unknown
substance.)
Evaporate the water and see if the dissolved substance is left behind.
Some dissolved substances (such as the brown sugar) colour the water indicating that something is in
the water.
9 Possible suggestion — Evaporate off the liquid either by heating or by leaving in a warm, sunny area.
Worksheet 7 — Rusting
1 To investigate the effects of different environmental conditions on the rusting of iron.
2 Ensuring that the salt concentration is the same in all the relevant containers.
Same number of screws added to each container.
Equal amounts of water or salt water added to the relevant containers.
All containers left undisturbed for the same length of time.
3 Dry screws should rust least or not at all, ones in water should rust more and the ones in salt water
should rust most.
Galvanised screws and stainless screws should not rust.
5 The answer should be yes. However, if the atmosphere is very humid, there could be enough moisture
in the air to cause some rusting.
6 Yes
7 The screws that were neither galvanised not stainless steel.
8 If the galvanising provides a complete coat there should be no rusting. However if the galvanising is
not complete the screw will rust as quickly as the untreated screw. The amount of carbon added to the
3
Changed materials Materials or process
Bread Wheat has been ground to flour mixed with other
ingredients and baked to make bread. Grinding is a
physical change. Baking is a chemical change.
Other suggestions
Iron, steel and plastics to make the toaster and the electric jug.
Cardboard carton or plastic bottle for the milk.
Changing milk into butter.
Manufacture of vegemite.
Manufacture of chocolate powder.
Pasteurisation and homogenisation of the milk.
2
Molecule
Chemical change
Soluble
Bronze
Rusting
Dissolving
Worksheet 5 — Inertia
1 To study the effects of inertia.
2 Information is given about placing the ‘person’ in the trolley.
Each part of the experiment is repeated so that the effects can be observed more than once.
3 The person moved backwards.
4 The person continued to move forwards.
5 The person moved forward more quickly and fell out of the trolley.
6 You are also stationary is the true statement.
13
3 Compare the January and June temperatures for each of the three places with the human body
temperature.
January Temperature June temperature
Marble Bar Higher Lower
Charlotte Pass Lower Lower
Antarctica Lower Lower
Think
Possible questions.
• Our body temperature will tend to increase.
• Our body temperature will tend to decrease.
• Drink water so that we can cool ourselves by sweating. Drink cool drinks. Heating the drink inside
our body removes heat from the body. Wear clothing that allows sweat to dry off. Protect ourselves
from the direct rays of the sun.
• Wear clothing that covers most of our body and traps the body heat in an insulating layer. Have warm
drinks.
• Yes. Even though the Sun may not produce a lot of heat in the Antarctic the UV rays that cause
sunburn are still present.
• Antarctic — middle of the day when the Sun would be warmest. Marble Bar— early morning or late
afternoon when the Sun is not directly overhead.
Worksheet 9 — Greenhouses
3 The expectation is that the temperature inside the greenhouse will increase over the 30 minute period.
However this will depend on factors such as the time of day and cloud cover. If thick cloud comes over
during the time of the experiment the change in temperature may not be as noticeable.
4 This will depend on the time of day. In the morning you would expect the air temperature to increase.
In the later afternoon it could decrease.
5 It could be expected to increase.
6 Reduce the burning of fossil fuels and of other carbon based fuels such as wood.
Worksheet 2 — Biodegradable?
1 To reduce in rank or quality.
2 Life.
3 Can be broken down by the action of living things.
4
Material Biodegradable decision Additional information
R
Ore used to make iron and steel.
Landfill
N
Waste Anything that is not wanted.
D
E
Renewable resource Can be broken down by bacteria and
fungi in the soil.
The marble
falling
Kinetic energy Potential Kinetic energy
energy
The thump as
the marble hit
the ground
11 The depth is a measure of the amount of potential energy the marble had in the first place.
12 One suggestion: Mass of the object – the greater the mass the greater the weight (gravity acting on the
mass). It takes more energy to lift an object with greater mass therefore that object will have more
potential energy.