UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Sewerage collection System

for a KURI ROAD Islamabad
......... LAB REPORT........

Report (2019)
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Table of Contents
I. Acknowledgement pg. 3-4
II. Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Land use( No of houses, No of Flats, No of Apartments )
1.2 Parks, schools, graveyards
1.3 Estimated area of Scheme using scale factor 1:10

2 RELATED THEORY pg.4-7

2.1 Sewerage System
2.2 Essential Components of Sewerage System
2.3 Sources of Sewage
2.4 Types of Sewers & Sewer Systems
2.5 Sewer Appurtenances
2.6 Procedures for design of sewer system

3 DESIGN CRITERIA USED IN THE PROJECT

3.1 Design Period
3.2 Per Capita Water Consumption , Design Sewage Flow
3.3 Peak Factor Criteria & Values
3.4 Design Equations
3.5 Minimum and Maximum Velocities
3.6 Sewer Sizes & Materials
3.7 Infiltration
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

CONCLUSION pg.10

RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to pay my gratitude to Madam Azka for providing us with such a good opportunity to write a
report on “Sewerage collection system”. It gives us an understanding of how to manage waste water and
to design piping system for sewers.

I. ABSTRACT
This report demonstrates different design conditions, per capita consumption, waste water design criteria,
important Flow parameters which are used in design of waste water system, design map and excel sheet
for calculation of pipe diameters, slopes, invert levels etc. These parameters are mainly determined by
economic conditions and water use habits of a community which are not generalized.

Sewerage Collection System for a Kuri Road

1. INTRODUCTION
It is necessary to make a proper estimate of the population to be served for calculating the expected
waste water and to design a sewerage system based on topography of the area and the natural
slope, commercial diameter is calculated, based on the required data and calculation, invert levels
are calculated.

1.1 Land use:

Kuri Road Islamabad

No of houses
There are 620houses in the map.

1.2

Land Use CDA Bye Laws ACHEIVE

Residential Max 55.00% 44.11 %

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Parks/ Open Space Min 8.00 % 19.20 %

Roads Min 26.00 % 26.37 %

Graveyard Min 2.00 % 2.00 %

Commercial Buildings & Parking Max 5.00 % 3.84 %

Public Buildings (Treatment Plants etc.) Min 4.00 % 4.48%

1.3 Estimated area of Scheme using scale factor 1:10

Estimated area of scheme using scale factor 1:10 .

2. RELATED THEORY

2.1 Sewerage System: Sewerage is the system of collection of wastewater and

conveying it to the point of disposal with or without treatment.

2.2 Essential Components of Sewerage System: Following are the essential

components of waste water system:
1. Collection System  Network of Sewer pipes.
2. Disposal  Sewage Pumping Stations and Outfalls.
3. Treatment Works  Wastewater treatment Plants.

Components of waste water

2.3 Sources of Sewage:

1. Dometic: It is wastewater from houses offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions
2. Industrial: It is the liquid waste from industrial process
3. Storm-water: It includes surface run-off generated by rainfall and the street wash.
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2.4 Types of Sewers & Sewer Systems:

1. Sanitary Sewer- It carries sanitary sewage like waste from municipalities including
domestic and industrial waste-water.
2. Storm Sewer-It carries storm sewage including surface run-off and street wash.
3. Combined Sewer- It carries domestic, industrial and storm Sewage.
4. House Sewer-It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of a building to
common municipal system.
5. Lateral Sewer- This sewer carries discharge from houses sewer.

2.5 Sewer Appurtenances : Manholes, sewer inlets, and other devices, constructions, or
accessories related to a sewer system but exclusive of the actual pipe or conduit.
Man-holes: Man holes are the openings of either circular or rectangular in shape
constructed on the alignment of a sewer line to enable a person to enter the sewer for
inspection, cleaning and flushing.
Drop man-hole: When the difference in elevation of the invert levels of the incoming and
outgoing sewers of the man-hole is more than 60 cm, the interception is made by dropping
the incoming sewer vertically outside and then it is jointed to the man-hole chamber.
Street inlets: Street inlets are the openings through which storm water is admitted and
conveyed to the storm sewer or combined sewer.
Catch Basins: Catch basins are small settling chambers of diameter 60 - 90 cm and 60 - 75
cm deep, which are constructed below the street inlets.
Pumping of Sewage
Pumping of sewage is required when it is not possible to have a gravitational flow for the
entire sewerage project.
Sufficient pumping capacity has to be provided to meet the peak flow, atleast 50% as stand
by.
Types of pumps :
1. Centrifugal pumps either axial, mixed and radial flow.
2. Pneumatic ejector pumps.

2.6 Procedures for design of sewer system

1. Preliminary Investigations:
Obtain MAPs and Drawings that furnish information about the area (Population
Density, Water consumption, Soil characteristics, and Natural slope).
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2. Design Criteria Considerations:

(1) Design Flow – Find out the avg. sewage flow on the basis of water consumption and the
population at the end of design period
 Sanitary Sewer
Q design= Peak sewage flow + Infiltration
(b) Partially Combined Sewer
Q design= Peak sewage flow +Storm flow+ Infiltration
WASA Criteria (Peak sewage flow=Storm flow)
Q design= 2 x Peak sewage flow + Infiltration
(2) Design equation: Manning’s formula is used for sewer flowing under gravity
V=(R^2/3)(S^1/2)/n
Where V= velocity of flow m/sec
R= Hydraulic radius
S=slope of sewer, n= roughness coefficient of pipe, (0.013-0.015).

(3) Minimum Self cleansing velocity

• Sewage should flow at all times with sufficient velocity to prevent settlement of solid
matter in the sewer
• Self cleansing velocity is minimum velocity that ensures non-settlement of suspended
matter in the sewer
o Sanitary sewer = 0.6m/s
o Storm sewer= 1m/s
o Partially combined = 0.7m/s
(4) Maximum Velocity
o Not greater than 2.4m/s
o -To avoid excessive sewer abrasion
o -To avoid steep slopes
(5) Minimum Sewer Size
o -225mm for lateral WASA
o -To avoid chocking of sewer with bigger size objects throw through manholes (bricks,
shrubs etc.)
(6) Minimum cover.
-1 m earth cover on sewer crown to avoid damage from live loads
(7) Manholes
-Purpose: Cleaning , Inspection , House connection
-Provision at: change in sewer- direction , diameter and slope (one manhole for 2-4 plots)
-Spacing not more than 100m(225-380mm)
120m(460-910mm)
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150m(>910mm)

Manhole

(8) Direction of Sewer lines

Sewers should follow as far as possible the natural slope
(9) Q d/Q f Ratio
• Q d= Design Flow
• Q f = Flow when sewer is flowing full
In order to provide air space in the upper portion of sewers for ventilation purposes
WASA recommends maintaining the following ratios
Sewer Size
225-375 mm Ratio 0.7
450-1200mm Ratio 0.75
1350mm or larger Ratio 0.8
3. Actual Design of Sewer:
Size of sewer  use Q=AV to determine sewer diameter
Slope of sewer  using manning formula
V = 1/n R2/3 S1/2

4. Preparation of Drawing and BOQ:

Typical drawing includes
-Sewer joints
-Manholes
-Disposal stations
-Sewer profile
BOQ’s include all costs regarding all the components of sewer system
Longitudinal profile:
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3. DESIGN CRITERIA USED IN THE PROJECT

3.1 Design Period:

Design period for this water supply housing scheme is 20 years

3.2 Per Capita Water Consumption, Design Sewage Flow :

Average water consumption(A.W.C) = 300 lpcd + 89= 389 lpcd
Per capta sewage flow= (80-85%) A.W.C = 0.8(389)=311.2 lpcd
Average sewage flow = population * per capta sewage flow

3.3 Peak Factor Criteria & Values:

Peak factor= 4
Peak sewage flow= Peak factor*Average sewage flow

3.4 Infiltration:
Infiltration= 10% of Average sewage flow

3.5 Design Equations:

Design sewage flow= Peak sewage flow + storm flow + infiltration
Storm flow=peak flow
Design sewage flow = 2(Peak sewage flow) + infiltration
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3.6 Minimum and Maximum Velocities

Minimum velocity=0.7 m/sec
Maximum velocity= not greater than 2.4m/sec

3.7 Sewer Sizes & Materials

Minimum diameter of pipe= 225mm
Minimum earth cover = 1m
Thickness of pipe= 50mm

Per capita water consumption: =350+reg no= 350+70= 420 lit/cap/day

Population/plot: 10 persons

Pipe diameters: Minimum diameter of pipe= 225mm

4. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS:

Following calculations are for one sewer line from manhole 22 to disposal station.

Longitudinal Profile for one sewer line is as shown :

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III. CONCLUSION
 Pipe diameter increases as the design flow value increases near the outfall as shown in
the longitudinal profile of one sewer line.
 The various suggestions for design parameters of sewerage collection system have been
made keeping in the view the economic conditions and water use habits of people. It is
possible that various recommendations may no longer remain workable after some
years depending upon the pace of the development of country, if population increases
their might be chances of connecting more inflow pipes to one manhole.

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
 It is recommended that any sewerage pipe should not be less than 225mm in diameter.
 The maximum velocity should not exceed 2.4m/sec
 minimum velocity of flow is taken as 0.7m/sec
 Slope should not be too steep in such case a fall is provided in the form of manhole

V. REFERENCES
 Water supply and sewerage (fifth edition) by E. W Steel & Terence J. McGhee
 Wastewater Engineering, Treatment , Disposal, Reuse by Metcalf and Eddy , 3rd
Edition
 Water and Wastewater Engineering by Fair and Geyer
 Water and Wastewater Technology by Masle J.Hammer

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