Subject: History Class:7

Chapter 11: MUSLIM REVIVAL IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES

OBJECTIVE PART
Question 1. By the middle of eighteenth century, Muslims were facing serious challenge to their
survival as a political and religious community in the subcontinent. In this context, number of religious
scholars came forward at different times such as Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, also known as Mujaddad Alf
Sani (reviver of Islam), Shah Wali ullah, Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi and Haji Shariatullah to revive
the Islamic teachings.

Explore the reasons for which Islamic revival was necessary during the rule of the later
Mughals? [4]

By Akbar’s and other Mughals rulers’ deviation from mainstream Islam caused reaction among the
Ulema and learned Sufi saints of their time.

Practices such as which led to this reactions were as follow;

 Din Ellahi: the move to find common grounds between Islam and other religions especially
Hinduism. (Akbar) and (Aurangzeb)
 Etiquette prescribed by Akbar followed by later rulers that People to bow down (Sajda) to God as
well as to the king. (Akbar)
 Ban on the sacrifice of animals. (Akbar)
 Encouragement of Muslim men to marry Hindu Women. (Akbar)
 Discouragement of the use of Arabic. (Akbar)
 Custom of living a pleasure loving idle life and spending time in song and dance became a part of
Mughal court scene. (Jahandar Shah – Son of Bahadur Shah I)

In this context, number of religious scholars came forward at different times such as Sheikh Ahmed
Sirhindi, also known as Mujaddad Alf Sani (reviver of Islam), Shah Wali ullah, Syed Ahmed Shaheed
Barelvi and Haji Shariatullah to revive the Islamic teachings.

Q 2: Evaluate how Haji Shariatullah served the cause of Islam in Bengal?

Ans. Haji Shariatullah mostly worked among the oppressed peasants of Bengal and taught them to
give up the Hindu practices that had come into their daily lives. He insisted that the Faraiz or obligatory
practices of the Muslims should be followed. By doing all this he wanted to purify Islam and he became
the role model for generations to come.

Q 3: According to Syed Ahmed Shaeed Barelvi, what are the true meanings of Jihad?

Taken in its full meanings, jihad can also be used as a term of social and personal improvement, as
well as physical struggle to protect the religion.
Compiled by Usman Shaukat-
Subject: History Class:7
Q 4: Explain the reasons why Shah Walliullah invited Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India?

Ans. In the area of political power, Shahwalliullah invited Ahmad Shah Abdali to come and save Muslim
nation from its enemies and defeat growing power of Marathas.

Q: Match Column A with B

Sr. # Column A Column B

1 Reviver of Islam Majadad Alf Sani

2 Founder of Naqshbandia Order Khawaja Baqi Billah

3 Assisted in Fatwa e Alamgiri Shah Abdur Raheem – Father of Shah

Wali Ullah
4 Translation of Quran into Shah WalliUllah
Persian Language
5 Shah Walliullah Hujjat ul al Baligha

6 Ali Garh Movement (Two Nation Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Theory)
7 Deoband Movement Maulana Muhammad Qasim

8 Jihad Movement Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-

Subject: History Class:7
Revision Worksheet
TASK: Fill the boxes with relevant Information:

Sr. Title Mujaddad Alf Shah Walliullah Syed Ahmed Haji

No. –e-Sani Shaheed Shariatullah
Barelvi

1 Place of Birth and Area of

Influence where they
worked

2 Reasons which made

them take up reform

3 How did they carry Out

that reform?

4 How far did they succeed

in their reform efforts?

5 Did they leave any legacy

beyond their times? If So,
define it.

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-

Subject: History Class:7

CHAPTER 12: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

OBJECTIVE PART

Who am I? [2]

Q1

I am son of a Scottish Businessman,

I designed the first steam engine,

My invention changed transportation and ease the trade.

Who am I?

___________James Watt____________________________________

Q2

I developed mills in which yarn manufacturing could be carried by one machine.

I became wealthy by establishing factories in Derbyshire

People also call me “Father of Industrial Revolution”.

Who am I?

__________Richard Arkwright_____________________

MCQs [4]

1. The manufacture of textiles and iron were the two most important industries which made Britain
businesses grow and prosper.
a) Cotton and coal
b) textiles and iron
c) Sugar and Rice
d) Steel and Floor

2. ______________ was known as ‘cottonopolis’, the city of cotton for its large number of factories
producing cotton fabric during Industrial revolution.
a) Manchester
b) London
c) Dhaka
d) Faisalabad

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-

Subject: History Class:7
3. The first proper railway line was laid in 1825 in ____________ which was used to power locomotives.
a) England
b) Pakistan
c) India
d) Scotland
4. ______________ is a spinning frame with multiple spindles, made by James Hargreaves, which made
cotton manufacturing cheap and easy.
a) Steam Engine
b) Jinny’s Lamp
c) Train
d) Spinning Jenny

SHORT QUESTION? 1*1 [1]

1) What is meant by industrial revolution?

Ans: It means hand to machine manufacture, natural power to steam engine and migration of the

people from the villages to the new industrial towns.

SUBJECTIVE PART
1) How did the industrial revolution in Britain destroy the Indian cotton cloth Industry? [4]
 Ans: After Industrial revolution, Britain was able to produce many goods faster and cheaper,
especially textiles and found Europe as a new market to sell these products.
 At that time India, Britain’s prized colony was the main producer of woven cotton fabrics sold in
European markets. Britain’s factories needed cheap raw cotton to manufacture into cloth and
India as a colony was used to supply it in bulk.
 Due to efficient production methods and transport system, British machine made textiles became
cheaper to buy and the subcontinent was also used as market for selling them.
 The fine Muslim made Bengal’s Weavers was also harshly discouraged by the British colonial
rulers.
 As a result, India’s old age cotton industry went out of business and large numbers of Indian
workers became jobless.

2) Why Richard Arkwright is called the father of Industrial revolution. [2]

Ans: Arwright developed mills in which the whole process of yarn manufacture could be carried out by
one machine and in huge/mass/bulk quantities. This lead to the production of goods quicker and
cheaper than before.

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-

Subject: History Class:7

3) Assess how Industrial revolution changed the economic position of Britain’s in the
world? [4]
 Ans: Before industrial revolution, people of Britain, were mostly related to rural areas and
agriculture. The little manufacturing that took place was done by simple tools, mostly by hand
and in homes.
 Developments of Industrial revolution changed the Britain’s society in many ways. From a rural
and agricultural society, Britain became an urban and industrial society.
 With the invention of machines and factories, products could be manufacture with greater speed
and in larger quantities. To facilitate movement of goods, transportation became efficient with
better roads, canals and railways laid within Britain.
 Services offered by banks increased and new banks also came up to facilitate industry and trade.

CHAPTER 13: NEW POWER EMERGES EUROPEAN IN SOUTH ASIA

Q: Describe and discuss how British replaced Mughal as a power in Sub continent?

Ans: In the end times of Mughals, the local power that fiercely challenged the Mughals- Marathas –
remained divided and could not establish an empire of their own. The vacuum was filled by people who
had come thousands of miles from across the oceans. Arriving as traders by ship, the British soon
established their trading posts or factories at Madras, Bombay and Calcutta. However, they had to
compete with the other European Powers such as the Dutch and French for the sole possession of
India’s Wealth.

Q. Compare and Contrast Battle of Plassey 1757 and Battle of Buxar 1764 based on the following
factors;

 Main opponents
 Reasons of War
 Main Events
 Results

Q: Who were Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan? What were their contributions to protect the Muslims
against the British? [4]

Ans. Tipu Sultan was the son of Haider Ali. Both of them were the rulers of Mysore in the Deccan. Their
mission was to win freedom from colonial British power. Both of them fought bravely against them and
even Tipu Sultan got the title of monster of Mysore as the British were really scared of him.

Q. Why British were able to defeat Haider Ali and tipu Sultan? [2]

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-

Subject: History Class:7
Ans. The British won over the Nizam and Marathas to their side and were able to defeat both of them
with the help of Nizam and Marathas.

Q: In what ways British rule before 1857 was causing discontent and resentment among the
Indians?

Ans:

 Doctrine of Lapse – The Step son of the ruler cannot be the ruler after the ruler’s death and
British will take over that land.
 Bahadur Shah II was told that his son would be given the title of Prince and not King.
 Customs like Satti, Thuggi and Pardah were discouraged.
 Indians felt that Rapid pace of development threatens their religion and customs.
 The general service enlistment act required soldiers to be sent overseas which was against the
beliefs of Brahamans as they believed that crossing the sea may will result in loss of their
Brahmin position.
 Use of newly introduced Greased cartridge Rifles which were made with pig and cow fat.

Q. Describe the main events and consequences of War of Independence?

Main Events:

 Due to the Use of newly introduced Greased cartridge Rifles, Indian British soldiers revolted
against the British.
 Nana Sahib, son of Peshwa, ruler of Kanpur, with the soldiers of his state captured the British
General Hugh Wheeler. Later on British recaptured the state of Kanpur and killed Nana Sahib.
 Bahadur shah helped the Muslims rebels against the British that is why he was arrested and
exiled to Burma and his sons were murdered.
 East India Company came to an end.

Consequences:

 India came under the British crown with the passing of the Government of India Act 1858.
 Full powers were under the control of British Parliament.
 Lord Canning was given the title of Viceroy and in 1876 Queen Victoria became the empress of
India.
 Queen Victoria abolished the Doctrine of Lapse.
 She also supported noninterference of the British government in the religious beliefs.

Compiled by Usman Shaukat-