Hoisting

A hoist is a device used to lift or move material. The lifting force is provided by a drum
(or wheel) on which wraps a rope (wire or fibre) or a chain.
Hoists lift and lower by use of a chain, cable, wire or rope. In this sense, cranes are also a
type of hoist because they employ wires, cables or ropes for moving objects from one place
to another. For small applications, hoists in conjunction with pulleys can be operated by
hand.

Electric, pneumatic or hydraulic-driven hoists may be used. Electric hoists are easy to
operate and offer more flexibility, while chain hoists are used for simple lift and lower
operations.

Sheave: A sheave is a pulley with a grooved wheel for holding a belt, wire rope, or rope.
The grooved wheel spins on an axle or bearing inside the frame of the block. This allows
the wire or rope to move freely minimizing friction and wear on the cable.
Ratchet: A ratchet is a mechanical device that allows continuous linear or rotary motion
in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Ratchets are
widely used in machinery and tools.
The purpose of a ratchet and pawl is to allow a shaft to rotate in one direction
only.
A ratchet is a wheel with a shape similar to a circular saw blade or horizontal milling
cutter. A ratchet fits onto a shaft and is locked onto the shaft by a "key". The key fits into
slots in the shaft and ratchet wheel. These slots are called "keyways".
Recommended Inspection of hoists.
• Daily - Inspect hooks, ropes, brakes and limit switches for wear and damage.
• Before lifting a load - Check the upper and lower hooks to see that they swivel.
Replace any worn chain or wire rope immediately. Tag any defective chain or
rope and remove from service.
• Periodically, or as recommended by the manufacturer or applicable legislation.
• Schedule a detailed inspection of all hoists.
• Follow the manufacturers' recommended maintenance schedules.
• Replace items not operating properly. Tag defective items and remove from
service for repair by a competent person.
• Post the safe load limit on the hoist.
Objectives: Increase productivity, maximize space, and improve safety.

EOT Crane Hook Block Assembly or Snatch Block Assembly

Electric wire Rope Hoist Electric Chain Hoist

Electric overhead traveling crane or EOT crane

EOT cranes are equipped with the capacity to lower or raise heavy loads in addition to
travelling in both directions. There are two major types of EOT cranes that are generally
supplied by EOT crane manufacturers in India, which are:
Single Girder EOT Crane
Double Girder EOT Crane.

Single Girder EOT Crane

CAPACITY
1000 kgs to 15000 kgs.

CRANE CONTROL
From floor through Pendant Push Buttons operation at 110/24V.

HOIST MECHANISM
The rope drums are fabricated out of seamless tubes or steel plates & driven by a motor,
through totally enclosed oil immersed Gear box with helical teeth, flexible gear connection.
The lower block consists of encased rope sheave of adequate dimensions as recommended.

LIMIT SWITCHES
The hoisting / lowering motion is prevented from overshooting the pre-determined range
by two rotary type limit switches, for the Cross & Long Traverse motion lever type limit
switches are provided.

Double Girder EOT Crane

CAPACITY:
1000 kgs to 60000 kgs.
Wire ropes for Hoisting and Lifting

A finished wire rope is comprised of individual wires, make up individual strands, which are then laid in a
helical pattern around a synthetic or steel core.

Wire rope is a preferred lifting device for many reasons. Its unique design consists of
multiple steel wires that form individual strands laid in a helical pattern around a core. This
structure provides strength, flexibility, and the ability to handle bending stresses. Different
configurations of the material, wire, and strand structure will provide different benefits for
the specific lifting application, including:

• Strength
• Flexibility
• Abrasion resistance
• Crushing resistance
• Fatigue resistance
• Corrosion resistance
• Rotation resistance

Strength= the capacity of an object or substance to withstand great force or pressure.

Flexibility - the quality of bending easily without breaking.
Abrasion resistance is the ability of a fabric to resist surface wear caused by flat rubbing
contact with another material.
Crush resistance testing involves the measurement of a compressive load to a point when
a sample deforms, fractures, shatters or collapses.
Fatigue resistance: Fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied
loads.
Corrosion resistance: The definition of corrosion resistance refers to how well a
substance (especially a metal) can withstand damage caused by oxidization or other
chemical reactions.
Rotation resistant wire rope refers to a series of steel ropes which minimizes the tendency
to spin or rotation under load.
Components of Wire Rope

There are four basic components that make up the design of a finished wire rope:

1. Wires made from metal that form a singular strand

2. Multi-wire strands laid around a core in a helical pattern
3. A fiber or steel core

Wire
Wires are the smallest component of wire rope and they make up the individual strands in
the rope. Wires can be made from a variety of metal materials including steel, iron, stainless
steel, monel, and bronze. The wires can be manufactured in a variety of grades that relate
to the strength, resistance to wear, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and curve of the
wire rope.

The wires themselves can be coated but are most commonly available in a “bright” or
uncoated finish.

Strands
Strands of wire rope consist of two or more wires arranged and twisted in a specific
arrangement. The individual strands are then laid in a helical pattern around the core of the
rope.

Strands made of larger diameter wires are more resistant to abrasion, while strands made
of smaller diameter wires are more flexible.

Core
The core of a wire rope runs through the center of the rope and supports the strands and
helps to maintain their relative position under loading and bending stresses. Cores can be
made from a number of different materials including natural or synthetic fibers and steel.

Direction and Type of Lay

Direction and type of lay refer to the way the wires are laid to form a strand (either right or
left) and how the strands are laid around the core (regular lay, lang lay, or alternate lay).
 (A) Right Regular Lay (B) Left Regular Lay (C) Right Lang Lay (D) Left Lang Lay
(E) Right Alternate Lay

• Regular Lay – The wires line up with the axis of the rope. The direction of the
wire lay in the strand is opposite to the direction of the strand lay. Regular lay
ropes are more resistant to crushing forces, are more naturally rotation-resistant,
and also spool better in a drum than lang lay ropes.
• Lang Lay – The wires form an angle with the axis of the rope. The wire lay and
strand lay around the core in the same direction. Lang Lay ropes have a greater
fatigue-resistance and are more resistant to abrasion.
• Alternate Lay – The wire rope consists of alternating regular lay and lang lay
strands—used mainly for special applications.

Strand Patterns
The number of layers of wires, the number of wires per layer, and the size of the wires per
layer all affect the strand pattern type. Wire rope can be constructed using one of the
following patterns, or can be constructed using two or more of the patterns below.
• Single Layer – The most common example is a 7 wire strand with a single-wire
center and six wires of the same diameter around it.
• Filler Wire – Two layers of uniform-size wire around a center with the inner layer
having half the number of wires as the outer layer. Small filler wires, equal to the
number in the inner layer, are laid in valleys of the inner wire.
• Seale – Two layers of wires around a center with the same number of wires in each
layer. All wires in each layer are the same diameter. The large outer wires rest in
the valleys between the smaller inner wires.
• Warrington – Two layers of wires around a center with one diameter of wire in
the inner layer, and two diameters of wire alternating large and small in the outer
later. The larger outer-layer wires rest in the valleys, and the smaller ones on the
crowns of the inner layer.
• Combination – A combination strand is constructed using any combination of two
or more of the patterns listed above.
The 6X37 classification of wire ropes includes standard 6 strand, round strand ropes with up to 37
wires per strand.

(19x7) hoist ropes for cranes, used in deep-sea observation

(1x7) (7x19) (7x7) used in aircraft cable and wire rope. Extra High Strengh, higher break
strengths than stainless steel.
Aircraft cable= Originally designed for use in the aircraft industry and military
applications
Class of Cranes

Class I (Light)= These are normal maintenance cranes which are not constant use. Their
speed is slow and structure are light. These types of cranes are required for maximum 1000
working hours/annum.

Class II (Medium)= It covers the largest number of cranes used by the industry, in
workshop, Foundries, Processing plants, important ware-houses. These cranes are
designed for maximum 2000 working hours/annum.

Class III (Heavy Duty) = For workshop and production shops, where the cranes, in
addition to normal handling work, also becomes a part of production process by helping
production particularly in those workshops which run 2/3 shifts per day. The total
working load on the cranes is about 3000 hours per annum.

Class IV (Extra Heavy Duty) = Special cranes of highest importance in steel industry,
cement industry. These are for continuous duty operation.

Shackles

Types of Cranes:

Rope Drum: