Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
A. National Territory
B. Declaration of Principles and State Policies
C. Separation of Powers
D. Checks and Balances
E. State Immunity
A. Legislative Power
1. Scope and Limitations
2. Principle of non- delegability; exception
B. Houses of Congress; composition and qualification of members
1. Senate
2. House of Representative
a. District Representatives and questions of apportionment
b. Party-list system
C. Privileges, inhibitions, and disqualifications
D. Discipline of members
E. Process of law making
F. Quorum and voting majorities
G. Appropriation and re-alignment
H. Legislative inquiries and oversight functions
I. Power of impeachment
J. Electoral Tribunals
K. Commission on Appointments
L. Initiative and Referendum
A. Judicial Power
B. Judicial Review
1. Requisites
2. Political Questions doctrine
3. Moot Question
4. Operative Fact Doctrine
C. Safeguards of judicial independence
1. Judicial and Bar Council
a. Composition
b. Powers
2. Fiscal Autonomy
D. Qualifications of members of the Judiciary
E. Workings of the Supreme Court
1. En Banc and division cases
2. Procedural rule-making
3. Administrative supervision over lower courts
4. Original and appellate jurisdiction
V. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
A. Common provisions
B. Powers and Functions of CSC, COMELEC, and COA
C. Composition and qualifications of members
D. Prohibited offices and interests
E. Review of final orders, resolutions and decisions
VI. BILL OF RIGHTS
VII. CITIZENSHIP
A. General Principles
B. Modes of Acquiring title to public office
C. Kinds of appointment
D. Eligibility and qualification requirements
E. Disabilities and inhibitions of public officers
F. Rights and liabilities of public officers
G. De facto vs de jure officers
H. Termination of official relation
I. The Civil Service
J. Personnel Actions
K. Accountability of Public Officers
1. Discipline
a. Grounds
b. Jurisdiction
c. Dismissal, preventive suspension, reinstatement and back salaries
d. Condonation doctrine
2. Impeachment
3. The Ombudsman
a. Functions
b. Judicial review in administrative proceedings
c. Judicial review in penal proceedings
4. Office of Special Prosecutor
5. The Sandiganbayan
IX. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
A. General Principles
B. Powers of administrative agencies
1. Quasi- legislative (rule-making) power
a. Kinds of administrative rules and regulation
b. Requisites for validity
2. Quasi judicial (adjudicatory) power
a. Administrative due process
b. Administrative appeal and review
c. Administrative res judicata
3. Fact finding, investigative, licensing, and rate fixing powers
C. Doctrines of primary jurisdiction and exhaustion of administrative remedies
X. ELECTION LAW
A. Suffrage
1. Qualification and disqualification of voters
2. Registration and deactivation
3. Inclusion and exclusion proceeding
4. Local and overseas absentee voting
5. Detainee voting
B. Candidacy
1. Qualifications and disqualifications of candidates
2. Filing of certificate of candidacy
a. Effect of filing
b. Substitution and withdrawal of candidates
c. Nuisance candidates
d. Duties of COMELEC
C. Remedies and jurisdiction
1. Petition to deny due course or cancel a certificate of candidacy
2. Petition for disqualification
3. Failure of election, call of special election
4. Pre-proclamation controversy
5. Election protest
6. Quo Warranto
A. Regalian doctrine
B. Nationalist and citizenship requirement provisions
C. Exploration, development and utilization of natural resources
D. Franchises, authority and certificates for public utilities
E. Acquisition, ownership and transfer of public and private lands
F. Practice of Profession
G. Organization and regulation of corporations, private and public
H. Monopolies, restraint of trade and unfair competition
A. Concept
B. Economic, social and cultural rights
C. Commission on Human Rights
A. Academic Freedom
XV. FAMILY
A. Rights
A. Concepts
1. Obligations erga omnes
2. Jus cogens
3. Ex aequo et bono
B. Relationship between international and national law
C. Sources of obligations in international law
D. Subjects
1. States
2. International organization
3. Individuals
E. Jurisdiction of states
1. Basis of jurisdiction
a. Territoriality principle
b. Nationality principle and statelessness
c. Protective principle
d. Universality principle
e. Passive personality principle
2. Exemptions from jurisdiction
a. Act of state doctrine
b. International organizations and its officers
F. General principles of treaty law
G. Doctrine of state responsibility
H. Refugees
I. Extradition
J. Basic principles of international Human Rights Law
K. Basic principles of International Humanitarian Law
L. Law of the Sea
1. Baselines
2. Archipelagic states
3. Internal waters
4. Territorial sea
5. Contiguous zone
6. Exclusive economic zone
7. Continental shelf and extended continental shelf
8. International tribunal for the law of the sea
M. Basic principles of International Environmental Law
LABOR LAW AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Labor Law
and Social Legislation”. Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules,
issuances, and jurisprudence pertinent to those topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials
within the coverage of 2019 Bar Examinations.
I. GENERAL PROVISION
A. Recruitment and placement of local and migrant workers (Labor Code and RA
8042, as amended by RA 10022)
1. Illegal recruitment and other prohibited activities
a. Elements
b. Types of illegal recruitment
c. Illegal recruitment vs estafa
2. Liability of local recruitment agency and foreign employer
a. Solidary liability
b. Theory of imputed knowledge
3. Termination of contract of migrant worker without just or valid cause
4. Ban on direct hiring
B. Employment of non-resident aliens
A. Conditions of Employment
1. Coverage
2. Hours of Work
a. Normal Hours of work; hours worked
b. Meal periods
c. Night-shift differential
d. Overtime work
e. Computation of additional compensation (rates only); facilities vs
supplements
3. Weekly rest periods
4. Holidays
5. Service incentive leave
6. Service charges
7. 13th month pay
B. Wages
1. Payment of wages
2. Prohibitions regarding wages
3. Wage distortion; concept
4. Non-diminution of benefits
C. Leaves
1. Service incentive leave
2. Maternity leave
3. Paternity leave
4. Solo parent leave
5. Leave benefits for women workers under RA 9710 AND RA 9262
D. Special groups of employees
1. Women
a. Discrimination
b. Stipulation against marriage
c. Prohibited acts
d. Sexual harassment (RA7877)
2. Minors (RA7610 as amended by RA9231)
3. Kasambahay (RA 10361)
4. Homeworkers
5. Night workers
6. Apprentices and learners
7. Persons with disabilities
a. Discrimination
b. Incentives for employees
V. LABOR RELATIONS
A. Employer-employee relationship
1. Tests to determine existence
2. Kinds of employment
a. Regular
b. Casual
c. Probationary
d. Project
e. Seasonal
f. Fixed-term
g. Security guards
h. Floating status
3. Legitimate subcontracting vs labor only contracting
a. Elements
b. Trilateral relationship
c. Solidary liability
B. Termination by employer
1. Just causes
2. Authorized causes
3. Due process
a. Twin notice requirement
b. Hearing
C. Termination by employee
1. Resignation versus constructive dismissal
D. Preventive Suspension
E. Reliefs from illegal dismissal
F. Money claim arising from employer-employee relationship
G. Retirement
VII. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE
A. Discipline
B. Transfer of employees
C. Productivity standard
D. Bonus
E. Change of working hours
F. Bona fide occupational qualifications
G. Post- employment restrictions
A. Labor Arbiter
B. National Labor Relations Commission
C. Judicial Review of labor rulings
D. Bureau of Labor Relations
E. National Conciliation and Mediation Board
F. DOLE Regional Director
G. DOLE Secretary
H. Grievance machinery
I. Voluntary arbitration
J. Prescription of actions
1. Money claims
2. Illegal dismissal
3. Unfair Labor Practice
4. Offenses under Labor Code
5. Illegal Recruitment
CIVIL LAW
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Civil Law”.
Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
A. Persons
1. Civil Personality
2. Use of Surnames
3. Entries in the Civil Registry and Clerical Error Law (RA 9048, as amended)
4. Absence
a. Civil Code Provisions
b. Presumptive death of absent spouse under the Family Code
B. Marriage
1. Requisites of Marriage
2. Exemption from license requirement
3. Marriages solemnized abroad and foreign divorce
4. Void and voidable marriages
C. Legal Separation
D. Rights and obligations between husband and wife
E. Property relations between husband and wife
1. General Provisions
2. Donations by reason of marriage
3. Absolute community of property
4. Conjugal partnership of gains
5. Separation of property and administration of common property by one spouse
during the marriage
6. Regime of separation of property
7. Property regime of unions without marriage
F. Family Home
G. Paternity and filiation
1. Legitimate children
2. Proof of filiation
3. Illegitimate children
4. Legitimated children
H. Adoption
1. Domestic adoption ( RA 8552 )
a. Who may adopt
b. Who may be adopted
c. Rights of an adopted child
d. Instances and effects of recission
2. Inter-country adoption ( RA 8043, as amended )
a. When allowed
b. Who may adopt
c. Who may be adopted
I. Support
J. Paternal authority
K. Emancipation
L. Retroactivity of the Family Code
III. PROPERTY
A. Classification of property
B. Ownership
1. In general
2. Rules on accession
3. Quieting of title
C. Co- ownership
D. Possession
1. Kinds of possession
2. Acquisition of possession
3. Effects of possession
E. Usufruct
1. In general
2. Rights and obligations of the usufructuary
3. Extinguishment
F. Easements
1. Modes of acquiring easements
2. Rights and obligations of the owners of the dominant and servient estates
3. Modes of extinguishment
4. Legal vs voluntary easement
5. Kinds of legal easement
a. Relating to waters
b. Right of way
c. Light and view
G. Nuisance
H. Modes of acquiring ownership
1. Occupation
2. Donation
a. Nature
b. Persons who may give or receive a donation
c. Effects and limitations of donation
d. Revocation and reduction
3. Prescription
a. General Provisions
b. Prescription of ownership and other real rights
c. Prescription of actions
IV. SUCCESSION
A. General provisions
B. Testamentary succession
1. Wills
2. Institution of heirs
3. Substitution of heirs
4. Conditional testamentary dispositions and those with a term
5. Legitime
6. Disinheritance
7. Legacies and devises
C. Legal or intestate succession
1. General provisions; relationship and right of representation
2. Order of intestate succession
D. Provisions common to testate and intestate succession
1. Rights of accretion
2. Capacity to succeed by will or by intestacy
3. Acceptance and repudiation of inheritance
4. Partition and distribution of the estate
A. Obligations
1. General Provisions
2. Nature and effect
3. Kinds
4. Extinguishment
B. Contracts
1. General Provisions
2. Essential requisites
3. Reformation of instruments
4. Interpretation of contracts
5. Rescissible contracts
6. Voidable contracts
7. Unenforceable contracts
8. Void or inexistent contracts
C. Natural Obligations
D. Estoppel
E. Trusts
VI. SALES
VII. LEASE
A. General Provisions
B. Rights and obligations of lessor
C. Rights and obligations of lessee
VIII. PARTNERSHIP
A. General provisions
B. Obligations of partners
C. Dissolution and winding up
D. Limited partnership
IX. AGENCY
X. CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
A. Loan
B. Deposit
C. Guaranty and suretyship
D. Antichresis
E. Real estate mortgage
XI. LAND TITLE AND DEEDS
A. Torts
1. Elements
2. Culpa aquiliana vs culpa contractual vs culpa criminal
3. Vicarious liability
4. Res ipsa loquitur
5. Last clear chance
6. Damnum absque injuria
B. Proximate cause
C. Negligence
1. Standard of care
2. Presumption
D. Damages
1. General provisions
2. Kinds of damages
3. In case of death
TAXATION LAW
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Taxation Law”.
Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
I. General Principles
A. Taxing Authority
B. Income Tax
C. TRANSFER TAXES
1. Estate Tax
a. Basic principles, concept and definition
b. Classification of decedent
c. Determination of gross and net estate
d. Deductions and exclusions from estate
e. Exemption of certain acquisitions and transmissions
f. Period for filing estate tax return
2. Donors Tax
a. Basic principles, concept, and definition
b. Requisites of a valid donation
c. Transfers which may be constituted as donation
i. transfer of property for insufficient consideration
ii. condonation/remission of debt
iii. bona fide arms-length transfers
d. determination of gross gift
e. exemption of gifts from donor’s tax
E. TAX REMEDIES
1. General Concepts
a. Requisites of valid assessment
b. Tax delinquency vs tax deficiency
c. Prescriptive period for assessment
i. false returns vs fraudulent returns vs non filing of returns
ii. suspension of the running of statute of limitations
2. civil penalties
a. new rule on delinquency interest and deficiency interest
b. surcharge
c. compromise penalty
3. assessment process and reglementary period
a. letter of authority
b. notice of informal conference
c. issuance of preliminary assessment notice
d. issuance of formal letter of demand/final assessment notice
e. disputed assessments
4. collection
a. requisites
b. prescriptive periods
F. TAXPAYER’S REMEDIES
1. Protesting an assessment
a. Period to file protest
b. Submission of supporting documents
c. Effect of failure to file protest
d. Decision of Commissioner on the protest filed
i. period act upon or decide on protest filed
ii. remedies of the taxpayer in case the Commissioner denies the
protest or fails to act on the protest
iii. Effect of failure to appeal
2. Compromise and abatement of taxes
3. Recovery of tax erroneously or illegally collected
a. Grounds, requisites and period of filing a claim for refund or issuance of a tax credit
certificate
b. Proper party to file claim for refund or tax credit
G. GOVERNMENT REMEDIES
1. Kinds
2. Judicial remedies
1. Fundamental principles
2. Specific taxing powers of Local Government Units (exclude rates)
3. Common limitations on the taxing power of LGUs
4. Procedure for approval and effectivity of tax ordinances
5. Periods of assessment and collection of local taxes, fees, or charges
6. Taxpayer’s remedies
a. Protest of assessment
b. Claim for refund of tax credit for erroneously or illegally collected taxes, fees
or charges
7. Remedies of the LGU’s for collections of revenues
a. Administrative action
b. Judicial actions
1. Fundamental principles
2. Exemption from real property taxes
3. Collection of real property tax
a. Date of accrual of real property taxes and special levies
b. Collection of taxes
c. Periods within which to collect real property taxes
4. Taxpayer’s remedies
a. Contesting assessment
i. payment under protest
ii. file protest with treasurer
iii. refunds or credits of real property taxes
b. contesting valuation of real property
i. appeal to the Local Board of Assessment Appeals (LBAA)
ii. appeal to the Central Board of Assessment appeals (CBAA)
iii. effect of payment of tax
5. Remedies of LGU’s for collection of real property taxes
IV. JUDICIAL REMEDIES (RA 1125, as amended, and the Revised Rules of the Court of
Tax Appeals)
B. Procedures
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Mercantile
Law”. Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
A. Basic Concepts
1. Doctrine of independence
2. Fraud exception principle
3. Doctrine of strict compliance
4. Warehouseman’s lien
B. Rights and obligations of parties
1. Entruster/entrustee
2. Applicant/banks/beneficiary
C. Remedies available
A. Requisites of negotiability
B. Forgery and material alteration
C. Negotiation
D. Rights of the holder
1. Holder in due course
2. Defenses against the holder
E. Checks
A. Basic Concepts
1. What may be insured
2. Insurable interest
3. Double insurance and overinsurance
4. Reinsurance
5. No fault, suicide, and incontestability clauses
B. Perfection of the insurance contract
C. Rights and obligations of parties
1. Insurer
2. Insured
3. Beneficiary
D. Rescission of insurance contracts
1. Concealment
2. Misrepresentation or omissions
3. Breach of warranties
E. Loss
IV. TRANSPORTATION
A. Common carriers
1. Concept
2. Common carrier vs private carrier
3. Diligence required
B. Obligations and liabilities
1. Vigilance over goods
2. Safety of passengers
C. Defenses available to common carrier
1. Proof of negligence
2. Due diligence in the selection and supervision of employees
3. Fortuitous event
4. Contributory negligence
5. Doctrine of last clear chance
D. Extent of liability
1. Recoverable damages
2. Stipulations limiting liability
3. Limitations under the Warsaw Convention
A. General Principles
1. Nationality of corporations
a. Place of incorporation test
b. Control test
c. Grandfather rule
2. Doctrine of separate juridical personality
3. Doctrine of piercing the corporate veil
B. Stock vs non-stock corporation
C. De facto corporations and corporations by estoppel
D. Board of directors and trustees
1. Basic principles
a. Doctrine of centralized management
b. Business judgment rule
2. Duties, liabilities and responsibility for unlawful acts
E. Power of Corporations
1. How powers are exercised
2. Ultra vires doctrine
3. Trust fund doctrine
F. Stockholders and members
1. Doctrine of equality of shares
2. Proprietary rights
a. Right to dividends
b. Right to inspect
c. Pre-emptive right
d. Right of first refusal
3. Intra-corporate disputes
a. Concept
b. Individual vs representative vs derivative suits
G. Foreign Corporations
1. What constitutes “doing business”
2. Personality to sue and suability
H. Mergers and Consolidation
1. Concept
2. Effects and limitations
VII. BANKING
A. Patents
1. Patentable vs non-patentable inventions
2. Ownership of a patent
3. Grounds for cancellation of a patent
4. Remedy of the true and actual investor
5. Rights conferred by a patent
6. Limitations on patent rights
7. Patent infringement
B. Trademarks
1. Marks vs collective marks vs trade names
2. Acquisition of ownership
a. Concept of actual use
b. Effect of registration
3. Non-registrable marks
4. Well-known marks
5. Priority right
6. Rights conferred by registration
7. Cancellation of registration
8. Trademark infringement
9. Unfair competition
C. Copyrights
1. Copyrightable works
2. Non-copyrightable works
3. Rights conferred by copyright
4. Ownership of a copyright
5. Limitations on copyright
6. Doctrine of fair use
7. Copyright infringement
A. Basic Concepts
1. Rehabilitation
2. Insolvent
3. Liquidation
4. Suspension of payments
B. Modes of rehabilitation
1. Court-supervised rehabilitation
a. Voluntary vs involuntary
b. Commencement order (including stay order)
c. Rehabilitation receiver and management committee
d. Determination of claims
e. Rehabilitation plan
i. concept of feasibility
ii. material financial commitments
iii. liquidation analysis
f. creditor approval and confirmation
g. failure of rehabilitation
2. pre-negotiated rehabilitation
a. how initiated
b. period and effect of approval
3. out-of-court or informal restricting agreement or rehabilitation plan
a. minimum requirements
b. standstill period
c. cram down effect
C. Liquidation
1. Voluntary liquidation vs involuntary liquidation vs conversion
2. Procedure
a. Liquidation order; effects
3. Determination of claims
D. Suspension of Payments; Suspension of Payment Order
E. Remedies
1. Motion for Reconsideration
2. Petition for Certiorari
CRIMINAL LAW
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Criminal Law”.
Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
A. General Principles
1. Mala in se vs mala prohibita
2. Applicability and effectivity of the RPC
a. Generality
b. Territoriality
c. Prospectivity
3. Pro reo principle
B. Felonies
1. Criminal liabilities and felonies
a. Grave vs less grave vs light felonies
b. Aberration ictus, error in personae, and praetor intentionem
c. Impossible crime
d. Stages of execution
e. Continuing crimes
f. Complex crimes and composite crimes
2. Circumstances affecting criminal liability
a. Justifying circumstances
b. Exempting circumstances
c. Mitigating circumstances
d. Aggravating circumstances
e. Alternative circumstances
f. Absolutory causes
3. Persons liable and degree of participation
a. Principals, accomplices and accessories
b. Conspiracy and proposal
C. Penalties
1. Penalties that may be imposed and retroactive effect of penal laws
2. Classification
3. Duration and effects
4. Application
a. RPC Provisions
b. Indeterminate Sentence Law (Act No. 4103)
c. Three- fold rule
d. Subsidiary imprisonment
5. Graduation of penalties
6. Accessory penalties
7. Execution and service
a. RPC Provisions
b. Probation Law (PD 968, as amended)
c. Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (RA 9344, as amended)
D. Extinction of criminal liability
E. Civil Liability in criminal cases
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Remedial
Law”. Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
II. JURISDICTION
A. Classification of jurisdiction
1. Original vs. appellate
2. General vs. special
3. Exclusive vs concurrent
B. Doctrines of hierarchy of courts and continuity of jurisdiction
C. Jurisdiction of various Philippine Courts
D. Aspects of Jurisdiction
1. Jurisdiction over the parties
2. Jurisdiction over the subject matter
3. Jurisdiction over the issue
4. Jurisdiction over the res or the property in litigation
E. Jurisdiction vs exercise of jurisdiction
F. Jurisdiction vs venue
G. Jurisdiction over cases covered by Barangay Conciliation, Small Claims Cases, and cases
covered by Summary Procedure
A. General Matters
1. Criminal jurisdiction; concept and requisites for exercise
2. When injunction may be issued
B. Prosecution of offenses (Rule 110)
C. Prosecution of civil action (Rule 111)
D. Preliminary Investigation
1. Executive vs judicial determination of probable cause
2. Rule 112
E. Arrest (Rule 113)
F. Bail (Rule 114)
G. Arraignment and Plea (Rule 116)
H. Motion to Quash (Rule 117)
I. Pre-trial (Rule 118)
J. Trial (Rule 119)
K. Judgment (Rule 120)
L. New Trial or Reconsideration (Rule 121)
M. Appeal (Rules 122, 123, 124 and 125)
N. Search and seizure (Rule 126)
O. Provisional remedies in criminal cases (Rule 127)
P. Revised guidelines on Continuous Trial (A.M No. 15-06-10 SC)
Q. The rule on cybercrime warrants ( A.M No. 17-11-03-SC)
VIII. EVIDENCE
A. General concepts
1. Proof vs evidence
2. Burden of proof’s vs burden of evidence
3. Equipoise rule
B. Admissibility
1. Requisites (Rule 128)
2. Exclusionary Rules
3. Judicial notice and Judicial Admissions (Rule 129)
C. Object (Real) Evidence (Rule 130, A)
D. Documentary Evidence (Rule 130, B)
1. Definition
2. Best evidence rule
3. Secondary evidence
4. Parole evidence rule
5. Interpretation of documents
E. Testimonial Evidence (Rule 130,C)
1. Qualification of witness
2. Testimonial privilege
3. Admissions and confessions
4. Previous conduct as evidence
5. Testimonial knowledge
6. Hearsay and exceptions to the hearsay rule
7. Opinion rule
8. Character evidence
F. Burden of proof and presumptions (Rule 131)
G. Presentation of evidence (Rule 132)
1. Examination of witnesses
2. Authentication and proof of documents
3. Offer and objection
H. Judicial Affidavit Rule (AM No. 12-8-8-SC)
I. Weight and sufficiency of evidence (Rule 133)
J. Rules on Electronic Evidence (AM No. 01-7-01-SC)
NOTE: This syllabus is an outline of the key topics that fall under the core subject “Legal and
Judicial Ethics and Practical Exercises”. Accordingly, all Bar candidates should be guided that
only laws, rules, issuances, and jurisprudence pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2018 are
examinable materials within the coverage of the 2019 Bar Examinations.
I. LEGAL ETHICS
A. Practice of Law
1. Concept
2. Qualifications for admission to the Bar (Bar Matter No. 1153)
3. Continuing Requirements for membership in the bar
4. Appearance of Non-lawyers
a. Law student practice rule (Rule 138-A)
b. Non lawyers in courts and/or administrative tribunals
c. Proceedings where lawyers are prohibited from appearing as counsels
5. Prohibited practice of non-lawyers and appearance without authority
6. public officials and practice of law; prohibitions and disqualifications
7. The Lawyer’s Oath
A. Sources
1. New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary (Bangalore Draft)
2. Code of Judicial Conduct
B. Disqualification of judicial officers (Rule 137)
1. Compulsory
2. Voluntary
C. Administrative jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over Judges and Justices ( all levels)