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CS/IT Branch

CRT(Technical)

Technical Interview Question Bank


Contents

1. C language
2. OOPS Concepts
3. Java language
4. C++ language
5. Database Management System
6. Data Structure
7. Computer General Awareness
8. New Technology in Computer Science
9. Operating System
10. Algorithm
11. Software Testing
12. Computer Network
13. Software Engineering
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-1(C language)

1. What is C language?
2. What does static variable mean?
3. What are the different storage classes in C?
4. Can static variables be declared in a header file?
5. Can a variable be both constant and volatile?
6. Can include files be nested?
7. What is a null pointer?
8. What is the output of printf("%d") ?
9. What is the difference between calloc() and malloc() ?
10.What is the difference between printf() and sprintf() ?
11.How to reduce a final size of executable?
12.Can you tell me how to check whether a linked list is circular?
13.Advantages of a macro over a function?
14.What is the difference between strings and character arrays?
15.Write down the equivalent pointer expression for referring the same element a[i][j][k][l]
?
16.Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
17.Which bit wise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?
18.Which bit wise operator is suitable for putting on a particular bit in a number?
19.Does there exist any other function which can be used to convert an integer or a float to
a string?
20.Why does malloc(0) return valid memory address ? What's the use?
21.Difference between const char* p and char const* p.
22.What is the result of using Option Explicit?
23.What is the benefit of using an enum rather than a #define constant?
24.What is output of printf("\5");
25.Explain the difference between C++ and Java. Also, explain advantages and
disadvantages of both languages.
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-2(C language)
1. What algorithm is used for garbage collection in Java?
2. Write a program to check if a number is Armstrong number?
3. How do we say that Strings are immutable in Java?
4. Differences between class and structure in C++.
5. What is singleton class design your own singleton class?
6. What are Lvalue and Rvalue in C ?
7. What is the difference b/n run time binding and compile time binding?

8. Difference between procedural language and object oriented language?


9. Find the first non repeating character in a string.
10.What is difference between string, string buffer and string builder?
11.What are virtual functions? How do they work?
12. Print all the non-repeating words out of two given sentences.

Give the Best way to implement this.

Eg. Statement 1: I have a blue pen.


Statement 2: I got a red pen.
Output : have blue got red

13.What is the output of the following code :

int fun()
{
static int i;
return i++;
}

main()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d ",fun());
}

14.What are VTABLE and VPTR?


15.Explain the Concept of virtual destructor.
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-3(OOPS)

1. What is OOPS?
2. What are basic concepts of OOPS?
3. What is a class?
4. What is a object?
5. What is Abstraction? Explain it with Example?
6. What is Encapsulation? Explain it with example?
7. Differentiate between Structure and Class?
8. What is Polymorphism? Explain it with example?
9. What is Inheritance?
10. What are manipulators?
11. Define a constructor?
12. Define Destructor?
13. What is an Inline function?
14. What is a virtual function?
15. What is a friend function?
16. What is function overloading?
17. What is operator overloading?
18. What is an abstract class?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-4(OOPS)

1. What is the use of finalize method?


2. What is the super keyword?
3. Differentiate between Call by value & Call by reference?
4. What is method overriding?
5. What is an interface?
6. What is exception handling?
7. Differentiate between Overloading and Overriding?
8. Differentiate between class and an object?
9. What are access modifiers in Java?
10. How can we call the base method without creating an instance?
11. What is early and late binding?
12. What is ‘this’ pointer?
13. What is a copy constructor?
14. What is a base class, sub class, and super class?
15. What is Multithreading? Explain it with example?
16. What is JDBC?
17. Explain the meaning of public static void main() in Java ?
18. Most wanted technologies for Java Developers
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-5(Java language)

1. What is JVM?
2. What is the most important feature of Java?
3. What do you mean by platform independence?
4. What is the difference between a JDK and a JVM?
5. What is the base class of all classes?
6. What are the access modifiers in Java?
7. What are packages?
8. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?
9. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
10.What is an abstract class?
11.What are the states associated in the thread?
12.What is synchronization?
13.What is deadlock?
14.What is an applet?
15.What is the lifecycle of an applet?
16.How do you set security in applets?
17.What is a layout manager and what are different types of layout managers available in java
AWT?
18.What is JDBC?
19.What are drivers available?
20.What is stored procedure?
21.What is the Java API?
22.Why there are no global variables in Java?
23.What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?
24.What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?
25.What is method overloading and method overriding?
26.What is the difference between this() and super()?
27.What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?
28.What is URL?
29. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?
30.What is RMI architecture?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-6(Java language)

1. What is a Java Bean?

2. What are checked exceptions?.


3. What are runtime exceptions?
4. What is the difference between error and an exception?
5. What is the purpose of finalization?
6. What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
7. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
8. What is mutable object and immutable object?
9. What is the purpose of Void class?
10. What is JIT and its use?
11. What is nested class?
12. What is HashMap and Map?
13. What are different types of access modifiers?
14. What is the difference between Reader/Writer and InputStream/Output Stream?
15. What is servlet?
16. What is Constructor?
17. What is an Iterator ?
18. What is the List interface?
19. What is memory leak?
20. What is the difference between the prefix and postfix forms of the ++ operator?
21. What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
22. What will happen to the Exception object after exception handling?
23. Difference between static and dynamic class loading.
24. Explain the Common use of EJB
25. What is JSP?
26. What is the purpose of apache tomcat?
27. Where pragma is used?
28. Briefly explain daemon thread.
29. What is a native method?
30. Explain different way of using thread?
31. What are the two major components of JDBC?
32. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread?

33. What are the different ways to handle exceptions?


34. How many objects are created in the following piece of code?
35. What is UNICODE?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-7(C++)

1. What is difference between C and C++?

2. What is a class?

3. What is an Object/Instance?

4. What do you mean by C++ access specifiers?

5. What are the basics concepts of OOP?

6. What is the use of volatile keyword in c++? Give an example.

7. In how many ways we can initialize an int variable in C++?

8. What is implicit conversion/coercion in c++?

9. What are C++ inline functions?

10. What do you mean by translation unit in c++?

11. What do you mean by internal linking and external linking in c++?

12. What do you mean by storage classes?

13. How many storage classes are available in C++?

14. What is 'Copy Constructor' and when it is called?

15. What is realloc() and free()? What is difference between them?

16. What is difference between shallow copy and deep copy? Which is default?

17. What do you mean by persistent and non persistent objects?

18. Is it possible to get the source code back from binary file?

19. What are virtual functions and what is its use?

20. What do you mean by pure virtual functions in C++? Give an example?
21. Why pure virtual functions are used if they don't have implementation / When does a pure
virtual function become useful?

22. What is virtual destructor? Why they are used?

23. What you mean by early binding and late binding? How it is related to dynamic binding?

24. What is meant by reference variable in C++?

25. What is the difference between reference variables and pointers in C++?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-8(DBMS)

1. What is database?
2. What is DBMS?
3. What are advantages of DBMS over traditional file based systems?
4. What are super, primary, candidate and foreign keys?
5. What is the difference between primary key and unique constraints?
6. What is database normalization?
7. What is SQL?
8. What are the differences between DDL, DML and DCL in SQL?
9. What is the difference between having and where clause?
10.How to print duplicate rows in a table?
11.What is Join?
12.What is Identity?
13.What is a view in SQL? How to create one?
14.What are the uses of view?
15.What is a Trigger?
16.What is a stored procedure?
17.What is the difference between Trigger and Stored Procedure?
18.What is Object Oriented model?
19.What is Fully Functional dependency?
20.What is 2NF?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-9(DBMS)

1. What is a transaction? What are ACID properties?

2. What are indexes?

3. What are clustered and non-clustered Indexes?

4. There is a table where only one row is fully repeated. Write a Query to find the repeated
row.

5. Query to find 2nd highest salary of an employee?

6. Consider the following Employee table. How many rows are there in the result of following
query?

7. How many rows are there in the result of following query?

8. Write a trigger to update Emp table such that, If an updation is done in Dep table then
salary of all employees of that department should be incremented by some amount (updation)

9. There is a table which contains two column Student and Marks, you need to find all the
students, whose marks are greater than average marks i.e. list of above average students.

10. Name the student who has secured third highest marks using sub queries.

11. Why we cannot use WHERE clause with aggregate functions like HAVING ?

12. Difference between primary key and unique key and why one should use unique key if it
allows only one null?

13. What’s the difference between materialized and dynamic view?.

14. What is embedded and dynamic SQL?

15. What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-10(DBMS)

1. Explain Weak Entity Types.


2. How would you find the second largest salary in table?

3. What are ACID properties? How are they implemented? How are all the 4 properties taken
care of in the real-time applications?
4. Which one is more efficient a Join operation or a nested query?
5. . How would you Select LAST n records from a table?
6. Difference between varchar and varchar2 data types?
7. How to get nth max salaries?
8. Difference between JOIN and UNION?
9. What is COALESCE function?
10.Write a query to find the name and department of the employee with highest salary.
11.What are Object-relational mappers(ORM)?
12.What is indexing in DBMS? Types of indexing?
13.How can redundancy be eliminated from a relation?
14.What all issues should be taken into consideration during the database design?
15.. What is 3NF?
16.What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?
17.What is 4NF?
18.What is RDBMS?
19.What is extension and intension?
20.What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-11(Data Structure)

1. What is data structure?


2. List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively?
3. What are linear and non linear data Structures?
4. What are the major data structures used in the following areas: RDBMS, Network data
model and Hierarchical data model?
5. If you are using C language to implement the heterogeneous linked list, what pointer
type will you use?
6. Minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue?
7. What is the data structures used to perform recursion?

8. What are the notations used in Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions using prefix and
postfix forms?
9. Convert the expression ((A + B) * C - (D - E) ^ (F + G)) to equivalent Prefix and Postfix
notations.
10.Sorting is not possible by using which of the following methods? (Insertion, Selection,
Exchange, Deletion)
11.What are the methods available in storing sequential files?
12.List out few of the Application of tree data-structure?
13.List out few of the applications that make use of Multilinked Structures?
14.In tree construction which is the suitable efficient data structure? (Array, Linked list,
Stack, Queue)
15.What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 8 Queens problem?
16.In an AVL tree, at what condition the balancing is to be done?
17.What is the bucket size, when the overlapping and collision occur at same time?
18.Classify the Hashing Functions based on the various methods by which the key value is
found.
19.What are the types of Collision Resolution Techniques and the methods used in each of
the type?
20.In RDBMS, what is the efficient data structure used in the internal storage
representation?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-12(Data Structure)

1. What is a spanning Tree?


2. Does the minimum spanning tree of a graph give the shortest distance between any 2
specified nodes?
3. Which is the simplest file structure? (Sequential, Indexed, Random)
4. Whether Linked List is linear or Non-linear data structure?
5. What are the various operations that can be performed on different Data Structures?
6. How is an Array different from Linked List?
7. What is Stack and where it can be used?
8. What is a Queue, how it is different from stack and how is it implemented?
9. What are Infix, prefix, Postfix notations?
10.What is a Linked List and what are its types?
11.Which data structures are used for BFS and DFS of a graph?
12.Can doubly linked be implemented using a single pointer variable in every node?
13.How to implement a stack using queue?
14.How to implement a queue using stack?
15.Which Data Structure should be used for implementing LRU cache?
16.How to check if a given Binary Tree is BST or not?
17.What's the major distinction in between Storage structure and file structure and how?
18.What are the applications of binary tree?
19.What is divide and conquer method?
20.Minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-13
Computer General Awareness

1. What is Accelerator Key?

2. What is BIOS?

3. What is Cascade?

4. What is Associate?

5. What is Backward Compatible?

6. What is Clipboard?

7. What is Collapsing?

8. What is Dial-up Networking?

9. What is Drag and drop?

10. What is Drive?

11. What is Drop-down list?

12. What is Driver software?

13. What is Icon?

14. What is Macro?

15. What is Map network drive?

16. What is Modem?

17. What are different measurement units of storing data?

18. What do you mean by FAT?

19. What do you mean by formatting a disk?

20. Differentiate between Format and Quick Format?


21. What do you mean by Disk Defragmentation?

22. Differentiate between Trojan and Virus?

23. Differentiate between Trojan and worm?

24. Differentiate between RAM and ROM?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-14

Latest Trends and Technologies in IT World

Ques 1. Brief Introduction of Infosys:

Ques 2. Brief Introduction of Some famous IT related personalities


Ques 3. Brief introduction of some popular IT related technologies
1. Machine Learning
2. Deep Learning (DL)
3. Bitcoin
4. Blockchain:
5. Industrial IOT
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-15

Latest Trends and Technologies in IT World

1. Augmented Reality (AR


2. Virtual Reality (VR)
3. Hadoop
4. MapReduce
5. NOSQL
6. MongoDB
7. JSON
8. Mahout
9. Big Data
10. Spark
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-16(Operating System)

1. What is an operating system?

2. What are the different operating systems?


3. What are the basic functions of an operating system?
4. What is kernel?
5. What is difference between micro kernel and macro kernel?
6. What is dead lock?
7. What is a process?
8. What are the states of a process?
9. What is starvation and aging?

10. What is semaphore?


11. What is context switching?
12. What is a thread?

13. What is process synchronization?

14. What is virtual memory?

15. What is thrashing?

16. What is fragmentation? Tell about different types of fragmentation?

17. What are necessary conditions for dead lock?

18. What is cache memory?

19. What is logical and physical addresses space?


20. Differentiate between Complier and Interpreter?

21. What is Throughput, Turnaround time, waiting time and Response time?

22. What is Memory-Management Unit (MMU)?

23. What is a Real-Time System?

24. What is a trap and trapdoor?

25. When is a system in safe state?

26. Explain the concept of the Distributed systems?

27. What is cache-coherency?

28. What is a long term scheduler & short term schedulers?

29. Explain the meaning of mutex.

30. What is cycle stealing?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-17(Operating System)

1. What is Marshalling?

2. What is a daemon?

3. What is pre-emptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

4. What is busy waiting?

5. What is page cannibalizing?

6. What is SMP?

7. What is process migration?

8. Difference between Primary storage and secondary storage?

9. Define compactions.

10. What are residence monitors?

11. What is dual-mode operation?

12. What is a device queue?

13. What are the different types of Real-Time Scheduling?

14. What is relative path and absolute path?


15. What are the disadvantages of context switching?

16. What is a data register and address register?

17. What is DRAM?

18. What are local and global page replacements?

19. Explain the concept of the batched operating systems?

20. What is SCSI?


21.When is a system in safe state?

22. What is cycle stealing?

23. What is an idle thread?

24. What is FtDisk?

25.What is Dispatcher?

26. When does the condition 'rendezvous' arise?

27. What is process spawning?

28. What are the reasons for process suspension?

29. What are the sub-components of I/O manager in Windows NT?

30. What is a drawback of MVT?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-18(Algorithm)

Sorting And Searching

1. Binary Search

2. Search an element in a sorted and rotated array

3. Bubble Sort

4. Insertion Sort

5. Merge Sort

6. Heap Sort (Binary Heap)

7. Quick Sort

8. Interpolation Search

9. Find Kth Smallest/Largest Element In Unsorted Array

10. Given a sorted array and a number x, find the pair in array whose sum is closest to x
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-19(Algorithm)

Linked List

1. Insertion of a node in Linked List (On the basis of some constraints)

2. Delete a given node in Linked List (under given constraints)

3. Compare two strings represented as linked lists

4. Add Two Numbers Represented By Linked Lists

5. Merge A Linked List Into Another Linked List At Alternate Positions

6. Reverse A List In Groups Of Given Size

7. Union and Intersection of 2 Linked Lists

8. Detect And Remove Loop In A Linked List

9. Merge Sort For Linked Lists

10. Select a Random Node from a Singly Linked List


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-20(Algorithm)

Tree / Binary Search Tree

1. Find Minimum Depth of a Binary Tree

2. Maximum Path Sum in a Binary Tree

3. Check if a given array can represent Preorder Traversal of Binary Search Tree

4. Check whether a binary tree is a full binary tree or not

5. Bottom View Binary Tree

6. Print Nodes in Top View of Binary Tree

7. Remove nodes on root to leaf paths of length < K

8. Lowest Common Ancestor in a Binary Search Tree

9. Check if a binary tree is subtree of another binary tree

10. Reverse alternate levels of a perfect binary tree


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-21(Algorithm)

Dynamic Programming

1. Longest Common Subsequence

2. Longest Increasing Subsequence

3. Edit Distance

4. Minimum Partition

5. Ways to Cover a Distance

6. Longest Path in Matrix

7. Subset Sum Problem

8. Optimal Strategy for a Game

9. 0-1 Knapsack Problem

10. Boolean Parenthesization Problem


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-22(Software Testing)

1. Explain software testing?

2. Why do we need software testing?


3. Define Quality Assurance?

4. Explain the difference between Testing and QA?

5. Explain the meaning of Quality Control?

6. Explain the approach to software testing?

7. Explain the difference between debugging and testing?

8. Define the software quality assurance activities

9. Define a defect

10. What are the broad categories of Software Testing?

11. Define Static testing?

12. Define Dynamic testing?


13. Define Whitebox Testing?

14. Define Blackbox Testing?

15. Define Manual Testing?

16. Define Automation Testing?

17. Explain SDLC?

18. Explain STLC?

19. Explain Verification Testing?

20. Define Validation Testing?


21. Define Ad Hoc Testing?

22. Define Smoke Testing?

23. Define Sanity Testing?

24. Define Functional Testing?

25. Define GUI Testing?

26. Define System Testing?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-23(Software Testing)

1. Define Regression Testing?

2. Define Re-testing?

3. Define Exploratory Testing?

4. Explain User Acceptance Testing?

5. Define Usability Testing?

6. Define Integration Testing?

7. Different types of software development?

8. Explain Waterfall model?

9. Explain V model?

10. Explain Agile model?

11. Explain Spiral model?


12. Explain Scrum?

13. List the Scrum roles?

14. Types of Integration Testing?

15. Explain Bottom Up approach

16. Explain Top Down approach

17. Explain DRIVER in testing

18. Explain STUB in testing

19. List Test case design techniques

20. Explain Equivalence Class Partitioning


21. Explain Boundary Value Analysis

22. Explain Error Guessing

23. Explain Severity

24. Explain Priority

25. Explain Exit Criteria

26. List Static Testing Techniques

27. List Dynamic Testing Techniques

28. Explain Decision Table

29. Explain Bug Cycle

30. Explain Traceability Matrix

31. Explain Data Driven Testing


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-24(Computer Network)

Q #1) What is a Network?

Q #2) What is a Node?

Q #3) What is Network Topology?

Q #4) What are Routers?

Q #5) What is OSI reference model?

Q #6) What are the layers in OSI Reference Models? Describe each layer briefly.

Q #7) What is the difference between Hub, Switch, and Router?

Q #8) Explain TCP/IP Model

Q #9) What is HTTP and what port does it use?

Q #10) What is HTTPs and what port does it use?

Q #11) What are TCP and UDP?

Q #12) What is a Firewall?

Q #13) What is DNS?

Q #14) What is the difference between a Domain and a Workgroup?

Q #15) What is a Proxy Server and how do they protect the computer network?

Q #16) What are IP classes and how can you identify the IP class of given a IP address?

Q #17) What is meant by 127.0.0.1 and local host?

Q #18) What is NIC?

Q #19) What is Data Encapsulation?

Q #20) What is the difference between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?

Q #21) What is a VPN?


Q #22) What are ipconfig and ifconfig?

Q #23) Explain DHCP briefly?

Q #24) What is SNMP?

Q #25) What are the different types of a network? Explain each briefly.

Q #26) Differentiate Communication and Transmission?

Q #27) Describe the layers of OSI model?

Q #28) Explain various types of networks based on their sizes?

Q #29) Define various types of internet connections?

Q #30) Few important terminology we come across networking concepts?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-25(Computer Network)

Q #1) Explain the characteristics of networking?

Q #2) How many types of modes are used in data transferring through networks?

Q #3) Name the different types of network topologies and brief its advantages?

Q #4) What is the full form of IDEA?

Q #5) Define Piggybacking?

Q #6) In how many ways the data is represented and what are they?

Q #7) What is the full form of ASCII?

Q #8) How a Switch is different from a Hub?

Q #9) Define Round Trip Time?

Q #10) Define Brouter?

Q #11) Define Static IP and Dynamic IP?

Q #12) How VPN is used in the corporate world?

Q #13) What is the difference between Firewall and Antivirus?

Q #14) Explain Beaconing?

Q #15) Why the standard of an OSI model is termed as 802.xx?

Q #16) Expand DHCP and describe how it works?

Q #17) How can a network be certified as an effective network? What are the factors affecting
them?

Q #18) Explain DNS?

Q #19) Define IEEE in networking world?

Q #20) What is the use of encryption and decryption?


Q #21) Brief Ethernet?

Q #22) Explain Data Encapsulation?

Q #23) How are networks classified based on their connections?

Q #24) Define Pipelining?

Q #25) What is an Encoder?

Q #26) What is a Decoder?

Q #27) How can you recover the data from a system which is infected with Virus?

Q #28) Describe the key elements of protocols?

Q #29) Explain the difference between baseband and broadband transmission?

Q #30) Expand SLIP?


CRT(Technical)

Lecture-26(Software Engineering)
Q.1. What is Computer Software?
Q. 2. Can you differentiate computer software and computer program?
Q. 3. What is software engineering?
Q. 4. When you know programming, what is the need to learn software engineering concepts?
Q. 5. What is software process of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Q. 6. What are SDLC models available?
Q. 7. What are various phases of SDLC?
Q. 8. Which SDLC models is the beat?
Q. 9. What is software project management?
Q. 10. Who is software project manager?
Q. 11. What does software project manager do?
Q. 12. What is software scope?
Q. 13. What is project estimation?
Q. 14. How can we derive the size of software product?
Q. 15. What are function points?
Q. 16. What are software project estimation techniques available?
Q. 17. What is baseline?
Q. 18. What is software configuration management?
Q. 19. What is change control?
Q. 20. How can you measure project execution?
Q. 21. Mention some project management tools?
Q. 22. What are software requirements?
Q. 23. What is feasibility study?
Q. 24. How can you gather requirements?
Q. 25. What are SRS?
CRT(Technical)

Lecture-27(Software Engineering)
Q. 1. What are functional requirements?
Q. 2. What are non-functional requirements?
Q. 3. What are software measures?
Q. 4. What is modularization?
Q. 5. What is concurrency and how it is achieved in software?
Q. 6. What is cohesion?
Q. 7. What is coupling?
Q. 8. Mentions some software analysis & design tools?
Q. 9. What is level-O DFD?
Q. 10. What is the difference between structured English and Pseudo Code?
Q. 11. What is data dictionary?
Q. 12. What is structure design?
Q. 13. What is the difference between function oriented and object oriented design?
Q. 14. Briefly define top-down and bottom-up design model?
Q. 15. What is the basis of Halstead's complexity measure?
Q. 16. Mention the formula to calculate Cyclomatic complexity of a program?
Q. 17. What is functional programming?
Q. 18. Differentiate validation and verification?
Q. 19. What is black-box and white-box testing?
Q. 20. Quality assurance vs. Quality Control?
Q. 21. What are various types of software maintenance?
Q. 22. What is software re-engineering?
Q. 23. What are CASE tools?
Q. 24. What is software metric?

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