Clemente TER Emergency Power of NA BLDG PDF

DESIGN OF THE EMERGENCY POWER OF NATIONAL
ARCHIVE BUILDING MUSHEIREB DOWNTOWN,

DOHA, QATAR (REVISED)
A TECHNICAL REPORT
PRESENTED TO
THE PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS
IN THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR
PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
SUBMITTED BY:
CLEMENTE R. MANUEL
REE 0014308
OCTOBER 2014
i
ii
II. PREFACE
Emergency power and its distribution system has a great

consideration in designing a Government public building like the
National Archive to ensure the continues operation of essential
building facilities that are necessity to human life safety during a
power failure. This design will provides a strategic design principles
of emergency power supply and distribution system to all
emergency electrical loads such as Chiller, Air Handling units, Fans,
Elevators, pumps, Emergency lightings, Exit lights, Fire Alarms
system, Communication system and others.
The scope of the report covers the emergency power distribution

system from the Generator to the distribution switchgear,
emergency distribution board, emergency lighting and small power
system for essential loads. It also includes protective devices,
cables and grounding system.
This report presents the electrical design practices; summarizes the

results of evaluated maximum demand load in account of diversity,
show computations of load calculations, emergency generator
sizing, cable sizing, circuit breaker selection, voltage drop, short
circuit calculations and protection coordination calculation. One
sample for each of the required calculations was presented with
explanation while the rest of calculation for the whole project was
presented in tabular form using Microsoft Excel program.
The author wishes that this technical report will contribute ideas and
promotes a consistent and uniform design approach to be a part of
the electrical references in one standard application respectively to
the new electrical engineering and fellow electrical practitioner.
iii
This report is dedicated to my wife, Cresencia O. Manuel and two
children Mark Clarence and Cristine Eunice who served as my
inspirations in my pursuit of becoming a Professional Electrical
Engineer.
Finally, I thank our Almighty God for the strength, knowledge,

wisdom and guidance. I would like also to extend my sincerest
gratitude to Engr. Mario S. Agbayani, Engr. Alberto A. Ables, Engr.
Adolfo R. Laconsay, who served as my advisers in the preparation
and completion of this report; to Engr. Voltaire Cabreros, Engr.
Benjardi Wong, and to my fellow PEE aspirants who generously
gave their untiring and unselfish efforts and meaningful
encouragement, the present officer and members of the Institute of
integrated Electrical Engineers, State of Qatar chapter (IIEE-SQC)
and to the Board of Electrical Engineering, Honorable Jaime M.
Mendoza and Honorable Francis Mapile for their continuous support
of the Special Professional Licensure Board Examination in Qatar
Clemente R. Manuel
iv
III. TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Letter of Submittal ……………………………………………………. i
Letter of Approval from BEE …..……………………………… ii
II. PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………… iii
III. TABLE OF CONTENTS …….………………………………………… v
IV. LIST OF TABLES, CHARTS, DRAWINGS, ETC ……… vii
V. SUMMARY OF THE REPORT ……………………………………. xi
VI. BODY OF THE REPORT
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Project Description ………………………………………………….1
1.2 Project Objective………………………………………………........3
1.3 Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………4
Chapter 2 – Design Criteria
2.1 Basic design Codes ………………………………………………….5
2.2 International Codes and Standards ………………………..5
2.3 System Frequency, Voltage Rating
and Voltage Drop………………………………………………………..5
Chapter 3 – Electrical Calculation
3.1 Emergency Load Calculation ………………………………………8
3.2 Generating Set Size Calculation ………………………………..35
3.3 Generator Feeder Cable Sizing, Circuit Breaker
Selection and Voltage Drop Calculation …………………..37
3.4 Short Circuit Calculations
3.4.1 Three Phase Fault ……………………………………………56
3.4.2 Line to Line Fault ……………………………………………..87
3.4.3 Line to Ground Fault …………………………………………89
3.4.4 Double Line to Ground Fault …………………………….91
3.5 Protection Coordination Calculation ………………………..95
v
Chapter 4 – Materials Specifications
4.1 General ………………………………………………………… 109
4.2 Material List and Specifications ……………………… 109
Chapter 5 - Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1 Conclusion ………………………………………….…………… 119
5.2 Recommendation ……………………………….………… 120
Chapter 6 - Appendices / References
6.1 Appendices …………………………………………….………… 121
6.2 References …………………………………………….………… 126
Chapter 7 – Affidavits
7.1 Affidavit of Sole Authorship ………………….………… 127
7.2 Affidavit of PEE 1 ………………………………….………… 129
7.3 Affidavit of PEE 2 …………………………………….………… 131
7.4 Affidavit of PEE 3 …………………………………….………… 133
Chapter 8 - Curriculum Vitae ………………………………….……… 135
Chapter 9 - Most Outstanding Achievements ….………… 142
vi
IV. LIST OF TABLES, DRAWINGS AND FIGURES
List of Drawings Page

1. E-3.1.A: Essential MV Distribution Schematic
(Generator 1) ……………………….………………….…... 14
2. E-3.1.B: Emergency Power Riser Diagram
(Generator 1) ……………….……….….…………………... 15
3. E-3.1.C: Floor Plans …….………………….….…………………….... 17
4. E-G1-3.1.1: EMDB-1 (ATS-1) Distribution Schematic …... 18
5. E-G1-3.1.2: EMDB-2 (ATS-2) Distribution Schematic . ... 22
6. E-G1-3.1.3: EMDB-3 (ATS-3) Distribution Schematic ..... 25
7. E-G1-3.1.4: EMDB-4 (ATS-4) Distribution Schematic ….. 28
8. E-G1-3.1.5: EMDB-7 (ATS-7) Distribution Schematic …… 30
9. E-G1-3.1.6: EMDB-8 (ATS-8) Distribution Schematic ….. 32
10. E-3.4.1: Single Line Diagram (Generator Supply)…...……. 58
11. E-3.4.2: Impedance Single Line Diagram
(Generator Supply)……………. ……………………………………….…. 59
12. E-3.4.3: Single Line Diagram (Kahramaa Supply) ..……. 60
13. E-3.4.5: Positive Sequence Impedance
Single Line Diagram ……………………………………………………. 65
List of Tables and Figure Page

1. Table 6.1.A: Oman Single Core Cable
Cable Rating ………………………………………………………………….. 122
2. Table 6.1.B: Oman Cables Resistance and
Reactance Value ………………………………………………………….. 123
3. Table 6.1.C: Oman Multi-core Cables Current
Rating and Voltage Drop of Cables ………………………………. 125
vii
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ATS automatic transfer switch
Ca rating factor for ambient temperature
Cg rating factor for grouping
Ci rating factor conductors embedded in thermal insulation
Cc rating factor for protective devices /installation condition
DB distribution board
EMDB Emergency main distribution board
GDS Generator distribution switchgear
IDL demand current/design current of circuit, A
IFL full load current
In nominal current of protective device, A
ISC short circuit current, A
It required tabulated current-carrying capacity, A
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
Is starting current
Iz effective current-carrying capacity, A
KAHRAMAA Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation
L circuit route length, m
MDL maximum demand load, kW
PF power factor
PU per unit values
Rn resistance of cable, n designates chronological order
SMDB Sub-main distribution board
TCL total connected load, kW
Un nominal voltage, V
VD voltage drop
Xn reactance component, n designates chronological order
Zn impedance of protective conductor, ohms, n designates
chronological order
%Zbase % impedance at a selected base
viii
SUMMARY OF THE REPORT
The National Archive Building at Musheireb Downtown Doha, Qatar

is a Government building which will be used as storehouse of the
nation's heritage and is based on the form of the traditional fortified
tower. The building project involves construction of a museum
comprising 2 basement levels, a ground floor and 12 additional
floors mostly library with a total floor area of 26,073 square meters
Emergency Power of the National Archive Building will be supplied

by 3 sets of 1760 kVA, 415 V, 3 phase Cummins Generators such as
Generator 1, Generator 2 and Generator 3. Each Standby Diesel
Generator has individual distribution switchgear respectively
connected to each group of Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS) with
different preset response time delay setting to reduce the Generator
starting kVA.
The purpose of this report is to present the recalculation of

Emergency Power Distribution System of Generator 1 of National
Archive Building which was originally designed by Burns & Mc
Donnell Incorporated, Kansas City, USA is being managed and was
developed by Government Agency Musheireb Property, Doha, State
of Qatar. The author was assigned as an Electrical Engineer and
became a part of the supervision team in different construction
buildings along Phase 1 of which National Archive building is one of
those.
This technical report shall involve substantial calculation such as

load calculation and each layout plan with respect to load schedule,
generating set size determination, wires and cables sizing, circuit
breaker rating short circuit calculation, and protective devices. The
related references books which were utilized articles in this technical
ix
report were based on applicable codes, regulation and standard
used locally in the State of Qatar and International.
So carefully recommended as part of conclusion in this report were

in should be enumerated to impart observation and evaluation as a
result of the real technical reason of this report.
x
VI. BODY OF THE REPORT
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Project Description
The National Archive Building is one among the 100 plus buildings
to be constructed in 31 hectares (76 acres) of Musheireb Downtown
a commercial heart of Doha Qatar. The National Archive Building at
Musheireb Downtown Doha, Qatar is a Government building where
will be used as storehouse of the nation's heritage and is based on
the form of the traditional fortified tower. The building project
involves construction of a museum comprising 2 basement levels, a
ground floor and 12 additional floors mostly library.
Perspective view of National Archive Building Musheireb Downtown
Section 1 – Introduction Page 1

THE NATIONAL
ARCHIVE BUILDING
The Musheireb Downtown Heart of Doha Site Development Plan
The building is subdivided into 3 areas such as area G, H1 and H2,

area H1 has 12 floor high which is located in between the area G
and area H2 comprises of stacks, library, museum Chief office,
exhibition area and public reading area, office and conservation
area. Solar Panels are installed on each roof floors of area G, H1 &
H2 which designed to contribute power supply to the building
demand load during day time.

The Emergency Power of the building which will be supplied with
three (3) sets of 1760 kVA, 3 phase, 415 Volts, Diesel Engine
Standby Generators is located at the 12th floor of area H1. In front
of the Generator room is the Essential MV switchgear room where in
the Generator Distributor Switchgears, Automatic Transfer Switches
and Emergency Main Distribution Panels are also located. Three sets
of Standby Chiller which are connected to the Generator are also
installed beside the Generator room.
Emergency lighting of the will be also supply by Central Battery

Inverter Unit (CIU) installed in Electrical room in each floor of each
area as secondary source aside from Generator Emergency supply.
The building is also equipped with CCTV, Access Control System,
Public Address, Fire Alarm system and the equipment associated
with it system will be monitored and will be controlled by Building
Management System (BMS).
1.2 Project Objectives
The main objectives of this technical engineering report are the

following:
1. To impart knowledge to my fellow Electrical Engineers the
proper approach on emergency power system design of a
high rise Government building.
2. The author wishes that this technical report will serve and
contribute guidance to the next future generation in the field
of electrical engineering design.

1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Report
The scope of this report covers the Phase 1A National Archive

building Emergency power distribution system which essential MV
distribution schematic is shown on page 14. The building essential
loads will be supplied by the Kahramaa as primary power supply
and by the Standby Diesel Engine Generator as secondary power.
These essential loads will have a dedicated 11 kV/433 V Kahramaa

substation and Essential Distribution Switchgear which comprising
of the following equipments;
1. Five (5) Transformer, 1600 kVA, 3 Phase, 11kV/433V.
2. Three (3) Standby Generators, 1760 kVA, 3 Phase, 415
Volts.
3. Medium Voltage Switchgear (related to essential loads).
4. Generator Distribution Switchgears
5. Automatic Transfer Switches
The following important components of the Emergency Power

System were provided and included in the project;
1. Sub-main and final distribution boards to serve the loads
at area G, H1 and H2 of the building.
2. Motor Control Centers and Motor Control Panels.
3. Emergency lightings and Essential Power Socket outlets.
The following items are not included in this report; Transformer and
MV panel Calculation, Lighting Calculation, Power Factor
Calculation, Central Battery Inverter Unit, Extra Low Voltage
System, High Voltage System, and Protective Relaying System.

Chapter 2 - Design Criteria
2.1 Basic Design Codes

The project design basis and specifications will be based on local
authority regulations shall be as follows:
 Regulation for the Electrical Installation as issued by Qatar
General Electricity and Water Corporation (QGEWC) – Qatar.
 Qatar Civil Defense Regulation
2.2 International Codes and Standards

The design, equipment and installation shall also comply with the
standards and recommendation laid down by the following:
 IEE Wiring Regulations.
 Standards relating to Electrical Installation and Equipments
as issued by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
and British Standard Institute (BSI).
 National Electrical Code issued by National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA).
2.3 System Frequency, Voltage, and Voltage Drops

2.3.1 Primary supply: State of Qatar power supply by Kaharamaa
The following are the supply system in the State of Qatar.
A. Voltage : 415 Volts on 3-Phase and 240 Volts on
Single Phase
B. Frequency : 50 Cycle per second (Hz)
C. Power Factor : 0.85 lagging to unity
D. No. of wires : 4 (3 phase + 1 neutral) + 1 Earth
continuity conductor
E. Neutral : Full capacity as phase conductor, solidly
earthed at MV Panel or Main
Switchboard
F. Voltage Tolerance : 6%
Section 2 – Design Criteria Page 5

G. Fault Level : 31 MVA at 415 Volts
2.3.2 Secondary supply: (Standby Emergency Generator)
The following are the supply from the Emergency Generator
provided within the building.
H. Supply : Alternating Current
I. Voltage : 415 Volts on 3-Phase and 240 Volts on
Single Phase
J. Frequency : 50 Cycle per second (Hz)
K. Power Factor : 0.80 lagging
L. No. of wires : 4 (3 phase + 1 neutral) + 1 Earth
continuity conductor
M. Neutral : Full capacity as phase conductor, solidly
earthed at Generator Distribution
Switchgear.
N. Cable Voltage Drop

The voltage drop (VD) is based on KAHRAMAA Distribution
Planning Manual and the Regulation 525 of the 17 th Edition of
IEE Wiring Regulations (see page 10) which stipulates that
drop in voltage from the origin of the installation (usually
supply terminals and the fixed current using equivalent should
not exceed 4% of the nominal voltage of the supply,
disregarding starting conditions. In this project, the term
“supply terminals” is interpreted as the Medium Voltage (MV)
Panel. Hence, the total VD from MV panel to the load is 4%. As
per KAHRAMAA Distribution Planning Manual, VD on
consumer’s service cable is 1%. This is interpreted as the drop
from secondary of transformer to the MV panel. The
parameters in determining the voltage drop for this project will
be summarized as follows:

For Kahramaa supply as primary power;
 VD from Secondary of transformer to MV panel is 1%.
 MV Panel to the final load is 4% (MV panel to EMDB is
1%, EMDB to SMDB, SMDB to DB is 1%, and DB to load
is 1.0%).
For Generator supply as secondary power (applied the
same voltage drop requirements);
 VD from Generator to GDS is 1%.
 GDS to the final load is 4% (GDS to EMDB is 1%, EMDB
to SMDB IS 1%, SMDB to DB is 1%, and DB to load is
1.0%).
Voltage Drop Diagram (Kahramaa Power Supply)
Voltage Drop Diagram (Generator Power Supply)

Chapter 3 - Electrical Calculations
3.1. Emergency Loads Calculations:

Three sets of Diesel Standby Generators shall be used to supply the
total essentials loads of the building. Each Generator has individual
distribution switchgear which will feed the Emergency Distribution
Board (EMDB). The Electrical Calculation will be concentrated in
Generator 1 and the same method of calculation will be applied to
other Generators to obtain total essential loads.
In this section, all necessary electrical calculations will be presented

with explanations on how the required data, values, sizes, etc. are
being derived. In every calculation, respective reference documents
and basis of calculation including formulas used are specified before
the actual calculation.
3.1.1 Basis of Calculation

A. To calculate the Connected Load and Maximum Demand Load.
Total maximum demand has been calculated based on the
KAHRAMAA Regulations.
B. The formulas and electrical terms used are the following:
TCL = Total Connected Load in kW (obtained from load calculation
sheet)
MDL = Maximum Demand Load in kW
= TCL x applied Diversity
IFL = Full Load Current in Amp.
CL x 1000
FL
3 x E x P.F.
CLx 1000
FL
E x P.F.
IDL = Demand Load Current in Amp.
MDL x 1000
DL
3 x E x P.F.
Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 8

MDL x 1000
DL
E x P.F.
P.F. = Power Factor
= 0.85 lagging (P.F. used in this Project)
C. As per the conservative rule of thumb, oversize the Generator

set 25% for the motor starting. Also consider the Generator transfer
priority and emergency sequence of operation as shown below to
reduce the contribution of all inductive essential loads to the
Generator starting kVA.
EMERGENCY SEQUENCE OF
EMERGENCY TRANSFER PRIORITY
OPERATION
UPON LOSS OF NORMAL POWER
STEP 1
LIFE ATS-12-2, ANY ATS, THE STANDBY DIESEL
(3SECOND
SAFETY ATS-12-4 & GENERATOR SHALL
TIME DELAY
LOAD ATS-12-8 AUTOMATICALLY BE STARTED AND
AT ATS)
ANY ATS WITH NORMAL POWER
STEP 2 LOSS SHALL TRANSFER ITS LOADS
(AFTER THE DESIGNATED TIME
(6SECOND STANDBY ATS-12-1 &
DELAY) TO GENERATOR # 1
TIME DELAY LOAD ATS-12-7
DISTRIBUTION SWITCHGEAR.
AT ATS)
STEP 3 WHEN NORMAL POWER IS

(10SECOND STANDBY RESTORED TO ALL TRANSFER
ATS-12-3 SWITCHES FOR AN ADJUSTABLE
TIME DELAY LOAD
AT ATS) TIME PERIOD OF 15-30 MINUTES,
ALL TRANSFER SWITCHES SHALL
TRANSITION TO NORMAL POWER
STEP4
AND GENERATOR SHALL GO
(30SECOND BACK-UP
ATS-12-17 THROUGH A COOL DOWN CYCLE
TIME DELAY CHILLER
AND AUTOMATICALLY SHUT
AT ATS)
DOWN.
D. Sample calculation for each type of load will be shown the same
calculation will be applied to other loads to obtain the total loads.
For the selection of feeder cable ampacity, an assessment of

maximum demand loading has taken from KAHRAMAA Installation
Regulation Booklet, February 2010 Edition page 105. Refer to
sample essential loads computation of single phase and three phase
DB panels on page 10 to page 12.

A. Sample of Single Phase Distribution Panel:
Lighting Relay Panel: CIU-B2-G ( Fed from DB-B2-E2-1)
Section 3 – Electrical Calculations

Page 10
Sample of Single Phase Distribution Panel Computation:
Demand loading assessment for the load of CIU-B2-G as shown
on the previous page shall be 100 percent since the connected
loads are all emergency lightings or life safety loads which
required continues operation of the total connected load even in
case of normal power failure hence the maximum demand load
shall be:
MDL = 2043 watts x 100 % DF = 2,043 Watts
To determine full load current, apply the equation:
CLx 1000
FL
E x P.F.
2.0 3 x 1000
FL
2 0 x 0.85
IFL = 7.24 Amperes
To determine total demand load current, apply the equation:
MDL x 1000
DL
E x P.F.
Where: MDL = TCL = 2.043 X 100% demand factor
MDL = 2.043 kW
1.55 x 1000
DL
2 0 x 0.85
IDL = 7.24 Amperes
Sample of Three Phase Distribution Panel Computation:

Demand loading assessment for:
DB-B2-E2-1 as shown in next page Watts
Emergency lighting load (2,043 x 1.0 DF) = 2,043
Fire Alarm System Load (3945 x 1.0 DF) = 3,945
Data & Communication Load (12600 x 1.0 DF) = 12,600
Assorted Security Load (2635 x 1.0 DF) = 2,635
---------------
MDL (DB-B2-E2-1) = 21,223 W

B. Three Phase Distribution Panel:
Distribution Panel: DB-B2-E2-1 (Fed from SMDB-B2-E2)

Page 12
To determine full load current, apply the equation:
CL x 1000
FL
3 x E x P.F.
21.22 x 1000
FL
3 x 15 x 0.85
IFL = 34.73 Amperes
To determine total demand load current, apply the equation:
Since MDL = TCL = 21.22 x 100% DF = 21.22 kW
MDL x 1000
DL
3 x E x P.F.
21.22 x 1000
DL
3 x 15 x 0.85
IDL = 34.73 Amperes
Note:
The Essential Distribution Schematic Diagram and the Riser

Diagram on the next pages will be used to obtain the full
load current and total demand load current of the Generator
emergency power distribution.

Drawing No. E-3.1.A. : ESSENTIAL MV DISTRIBUTION SCHEMATIC (GENERATOR 1)

Page 14
Drawing No. E-GS-1-3.1.B : EMERGENCY POWER RISER DIAGRAM (GENERATOR 1)

Page 15
Drawing No. E-3.1.C : FLOOR PLANS

3.1.2 Emergency Load Calculations
Referring to Generator 1 Essential MV Distribution Schematic and

Riser Diagram on drawing numbers, E-3.1.A, E-3.1.B on page 14
to 15 and to the Distribution Schematic of all EMDB Panels
connected to Generator 1 as shown below and to the next pages;
applying basis of Calculation at Section 3.1.1, emergency loads are
calculated and summarized below:
Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.1 EMDB-1[ATS -1] Distribution

Schematic

Summary of loads for SMDB-B2-E1(FED FROM EMDB-1)
(Refer to Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.1 on above page for EMDB-1[ATS-
1] Single Line Diagram)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
NO. (kW) (kW) (Amp) (Amp)
1 DB-B2-E1-1 11.52 11.52 18.85 18.85
2 XP-B2-G 5.30 5.30 8.67 8.67
3 DB-B2-E1-2 3.47 3.47 5.68 5.68
TOTAL 20.29 20.29 33.21 33.21
Summary of loads for SMDB-B2-E3 (FED FROM EMDB-1)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-B2-E3-1 10.52 10.52 17.22 17.22
2 XP-B2-H 5.89 5.89 9.64 9.64
3 DB-B2-E3-2 2.84 2.84 4.65 4.65
4 SW-LCP-201 16.50 16.50 27.00 27.00
5 FW-LCP-201 13.20 13.20 21.60 21.60
6 DB-B2-E3-3 22.60 22.60 36.99 36.99
TOTAL 71.55 71.55 117.10 117.10

Summary of loads for MCC-B2-E1 (FED FROM EMDB-1)
(Refer to Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.1 Riser Diagram on page 18 for
distribtuiton schematic detail)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 SW-PVS-271 2.0 2.0 3.27 3.27
2 SW-P-251 15.0 15.0 24.55 24.55
3 SW-P-243 11.0 11.0 18.00 18.00
4 SW-P-252 (standby) 15.0 0.0 24.55 0.00
5 CHP-101 30.0 30.0 49.10 49.10
6 SW-P-254 (standby) 11.0 0.0 18.00 0.00
7 CHP-102 30.0 30.0 49.10 49.10
8 SW-P-241 11.0 11.0 18.00 18.00
9 CHP-103 30.0 30.0 49.10 49.10
10 SW-P-242 (standby) 11.0 0.0 18.00 0.00
11 CHP-104 30.0 30.0 49.10 49.10
12 SPARE
TOTAL 196.0 159.0 320.79 260.23
Above loads consist of MCC, SMDB panels, distribution boards,

storm water pumps and chiller water pumps; load calculation for
these essential loads will be shown and will be applied to the rest of
the same kind of loads.
Consider CHP 101 of MCC-B2-E1; Determine TCL, MDL, IFL & IDL
kW rating of Chiller water pump = 30 kW
Total Connected Load (TCL) = 30 kW
MDL = TCL x 100% diversity factor
= 30 kW x 1
MDL = TCL = 30 kW
Computation of total demand load current (IDL)
x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
30 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85

IFL = IDL = 49.10 Amperes
Consider MCC-B2-E1; Determine TCL, MDL, IFL & IDL

Total Connected Load (TCL) = 196.0 kW
= 196.0 X 0.66
MDL = 129.40 kW
Computation of total full load current (IFL)
CL x 1000
IFL =
3 x E x P.F
19 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
IFL = 320.80 Amperes
Computation of maximum demand load current (IDL)
M x 1000
IDL =
3 x E x P.F
129 0 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
IDL = 211.72 Amperes
Summary of loads for Feeder F1: EMDB-1 [ATS-1]

(Refer to Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.1 on page 18 for EMDB-1[ATS-1]
Single Line Diagram)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 SMDB-B2-E1 20.29 20.29 33.22 33.22
2 SMDB-B2-E3 71.56 71.56 117.13 117.13
3 MCC-B2-E1 196.00 159.00 320.80 260.24
4 SPARE
5 SPARE
6 SPARE
TOTAL 287.86 250.85 471.14 410.58

Feeder F1: EMDB-1 [ATS-12-1]
MDL = TCL = 250.85 kW
Computation of maximum demand load (IDL)
CL x 1000
IFL =
3 x E x P.F
2 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
IFL = 471.14 Amperes

M x 1000
IDL =
3 x E x P.F
250.85 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
IDL = 411.06 Amperes
Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.2 EMDB-2 [ATS-2] Distribution

Schematic

Summary of loads for SMDB-B2-E2 (FED FROM EMDB-2)
(Refer to Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.2 on above page for EMDB-2 [ATS-
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-B2-E2-1 20.54 20.54 33.62 33.62
2 SPARE
3 SPARE
4 SPARE
TOTAL 20.54 20.54 33.62 33.62
Summary of loads for SMDB-B2-E4 [FED FROM EMDB-2]
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-B2-E4-1 31.04 31.04 50.80 50.80
WATER FEATURE
2 3.70 3.70 6.06 6.06
PUMP
3 SPARE
4 SPARE
TOTAL 34.74 34.74 56.86 56.86
Summary of loads for Feeder F2: EMDB-2 [ATS-12-2]

(Refer to Drawing No. E-3.1.2 on page 22 for EMDB-2[ATS-2]
FEEDER TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 SMDB-B2-E2 20.54 20.54 33.62 33.62
2 SMDB-B2-E4 34.74 34.74 56.85 56.85
3 SPARE
4 SPARE
TOTAL 55.28 55.28 90.47 90.47

Computation of MDL, IFL and IDL for
Feeder F2: EMDB-2 (ATS-2)

MDL = TCL = 55.28 kW
Computation of maximum demand load (IDL)
CL x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
55.28 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85

Drawing No. E-G1.3.1.3 : EMDB-3 [ATS-3] DISTRIBUTION SCHEMATIC

Page 25
Summary of loads for Feeder 3: SMDB-02-E1 (FED FROM ATS-3)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-02-E1-1 4.16 4.16 6.81 6.81
2 AHU-105(HEAT) 64.80 64.80 106.06 106.06
3 AHU-105(FAN-1) 15.00 15.00 24.55 24.55
4 AHU-105(FAN-2) 15.00 15.00 24.55 24.55
5 SPARE
6 SPARE
TOTAL 98.96 98.96 161.96 161.96
Summary of loads for SMDB-04-E1 (FED FROM EMDB-3)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-04-E1-1 4.26 4.26 6.97 6.97
2 AHU-109(HEAT) 62.80 62.80 102.78 102.78
3 AHU-109(FAN-1) 11.00 11.00 18.00 18.00
4 AHU-109(FAN-2) 11.00 11.00 18.00 18.00
5 SPARE
6 SPARE
TOTAL 89.06 89.06 145.76 145.76

Summary of loads for EMDB- 3 [ATS-3]
(Refer to Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.3 on page 25 for EMDB-3 [ATS-3]
DESCRIPTION
1 DB-B1-E1 4.91 4.91 8.03 8.03
2 DB-B1-E3 3.42 3.42 5.59 5.59
3 DB-B1-E5 2.50 2.50 4.09 4.09
4 DB-00-E1 15.87 15.87 25.97 25.97
5 DB-00-E3 5.18 5.18 8.47 8.47
6 DB-00-E5 1.33 1.33 2.17 2.17
7 DB-01-E1 2.46 2.46 4.02 4.02
8 DB-01-E3 2.61 2.61 4.27 4.27
9 DB-02-E1 2.74 2.74 4.49 4.49
10 SMDB-02-E1 98.96 98.96 161.96 161.96
11 DB-02-E5 2.61 2.61 4.27 4.27
12 DB-04-E1 2.91 2.91 4.76 4.76
13 SMDB-04-E1 89.06 89.06 145.75 145.75
14 DB-04-E5 2.61 2.61 4.27 4.27
15 SPARE
16 SPARE
TOTAL 237.15 237.15 388.13 388.14
Feeder 1-3: EMDB-3 [ATS-3]

MDL = TCL = 237.15 kW
Computation of maximum demand current (IDL)
x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
23 .15 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85

Drawing No. E-G1.3.1.4 : EMDB-4 [ATS-4] DISTRIBUTION SCHEMATIC

Page 28

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-B1-E2 21.95 21.95 35.92 35.92
2 DB-B1-E4 8.81 8.81 14.43 14.43
3 DB-B1-E6 9.76 9.76 15.98 15.98
4 DB-00-E2 76.36 76.36 124.98 124.98
5 DB-00-E4 7.81 7.81 12.78 12.78
6 DB-00-E6 1.08 1.08 1.77 1.77
7 DB-01-E2 5.79 5.79 9.47 9.47
8 DB-01-E4 3.15 3.15 5.16 5.16
9 DB-02-E2 9.96 9.96 16.30 16.30
10 DB-02-E4 11.46 11.46 18.75 18.75
11 DB-02-E6 3.15 3.15 5.16 5.16
12 DB-04-E2 6.24 6.24 10.22 10.22
13 DB-04-E4 7.81 7.81 12.78 12.78
14 DB-04-E6 3.15 3.15 5.16 5.16
15 SPARE
16 SPARE
TOTAL 176.49 176.49 288.86 288.86

MDL = TCL = 176.49 kW
Computation for maximum demand current (IDL)
x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
1 9 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.88

Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.5 FEEDER 5: EMDB-7 [ATS-7]
Distribution Schematic

CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-05-E1-1 4.18 4.18 6.84 6.84
2 SPARE
3 SPARE
4 SPARE
TOTAL 4.18 4.18 6.84 6.84

CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-05-E3-1 4.25 4.25 6.96 6.96
2 AHU-111(HEAT) 62.80 62.80 102.78 102.78
3 AHU-111(FAN-1) 11.00 11.00 18.00 18.00
4 AHU-111(FAN-2) 11.00 11.00 18.00 18.00
5 SPARE
6 SPARE
TOTAL 89.05 89.05 145.75 145.75


DESCRIPTION
1 SMDB-05-E1 4.18 4.18 6.84 6.84
2 SMDB-05-E3 89.05 89.05 145.74 145.74
3 DB-05-E1 2.77 2.77 4.54 4.54
4 SPARE
TOTAL 95.99 95.99 157.11 157.11

95.99 x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x 15 x 0.88

Drawing No. E- G1-3.1.6 FEEDER 6: EMDB-8 [ATS-8]
Distribution Schematic

(Refer to Drawing No. E-3.1.E on above for EMDB-8 [ATS-8]
Distribution Schematic)
CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

DESCRIPTION
1 DB-05-E2-1 6.52 6.52 10.67 10.67
2 LIFT LPH4 26.00 26.00 42.55 42.55
3 LIFT LPH5 26.00 26.00 42.55 42.55
4 SPARE
TOTAL 58.52 58.52 95.78 95.78

(Refer to Drawing No. E-3.1.6 on above for EMDB-8 [ATS-8]
Distribution Schematic)

DESCRIPTION
1 SMDB-05-E2 58.52 58.52 95.77 95.77
2 DB-05-E2 7.01 7.01 11.47 11.47
3 DB-05-E4 11.07 11.07 18.11 18.11
4 SPARE
TOTAL 76.59 76.59 125.35 125.35
From SMDB-05-E2, consider Lift controller LPH4 in presenting the

load computation and will be applied to the rest of the loads.
kW rating of Lift Controller LPH4(TCL) = 26 kW
= 26 kW x 1
MDL = TCL = 26 kW
Compute for total demand current (IDL)
x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
2 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85

.59 x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x 15 x 0.88

Feeder F7: Chiller number 1 (ATS-17)
kW rating of Chiller = 273.50 kW
= 273.50 kW x 1
MDL = TCL = 273.50 kW
x 1000
IFL = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
2 3.50 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
SUMMARY OF EMERGENCY LOADS
GENERATOR 1 DISTRIBUTION SWITCHGEAR

DESCRIPTION
F1 EMDB-1[ATS-1] 287.86 287.86 471.13 471.13
F2 EMDB-2[ATS-2] 55.28 55.28 90.47 90.47
F3 EMDB-3[ATS-3] 237.17 237.17 388.17 388.17
F4 SPARE
F5 SPARE
F6 EMDB-4[ATS-4] 176.49 176.49 288.86 288.86
F7 EMDB-7[ATS-7] 95.99 95.99 157.11 157.11
F8 EMDB-8[ATS-8] 76.59 76.59 125.36 125.36
F9 CHILLER[ATS-17] 273.50 273.50 447.63 447.63
F10 SPARE
TOTAL 1202.88

Summary of all Generators Emergency Loads
Generator Generator Generator

1 (kW) 2 (kW) 3 (kW)
Actual Essential Loads 1202.88 631.18 1306.50
Future Loads 300.72 757.42 326.50
Total Essential Loads 1503.60 1388.60 1633.00
Maximum Demand load 1202.88 1110.88 1306.40
The total Emergency loads of the building is 3620.16 kW which is

approximately 66 percent of the building total Maximum Demand
Load.
3.2 Generating Set Size Calculations
A. The Total Connected Loads and Maximum Demand Loads are

as follows:
Total Connected Loads = 1202.88 kW
Total Demand Load (@ 80% DF) = 968.72 kW
Total Full Load Current = 1968.72 Amperes
Total Demand Current = 1574.97 Amperes
B. Provision of 25% reserve capacity for future loads
Thus, Maximum demand load of the Generator became
Total Demand Load = 968.72 kW x 1.25
Total Demand Load = 1210.90 kW
Determine the running kVA and the starting kVA of the Generator;
use 0.85 power factor in computing the size of Generator
Total Demand Load (kW) = 1210.90 kW

Total Demand Load (kVA) @ 0.85 PF = 1424.58 kVA
The total running kVA of Generator is the computed total demand

load which is 1424.58 kVA.
Calculation of Generator starting kVA

Generator Starting kVA = Generator running kVA +
Starting kVA contributed by all
inductive motor loads
Applying the rule of thumb, calculate the total starting kVA by

multiplying 25% to all motors connected to Generator No.1. Refer
to tabulated motor starting kVA as shown below.
Motor’s Starting kVA

Starting
Motor Motor kVA
kVA (25%
Item Power rating
DESCRIPTION of the
# Rating (kVA @
motor
(kW) 0.85 P.F.)
loads)
1 SMDB-B2-E4 (PUMP) 3.7 4.35 1.09
2 SMDB-02-E1 (AHU-105) 95 111.76 27.94

3 SMDB-04-E1 (AHU-109) 84.8 97.76 24.44
4 SMDB-05-E3 (AHU-111) 84.8 97.76 24.44
5 SMDB-05-E2 (LIFT 4 & 5) 52 61.17 15.29
Total 320.3 372.8 93.2
6 CHILLER No. 1 273.5 321.18 80.44
Since the back-up Chiller which has a total of 321.18 kVA load is set
through the ATS to start after 30 seconds from the occurrence of
normal power failure and those motor loads from items 1 to 5 which
requires provision of 93.2 kVA starting power from the Generator
capacity will be started after 3-10 seconds as preset time of

response through ATS. Hence, all those motors from item 1 to 5
have already operating at their full load rating prior to Chiller
operation therefore it lessen the required Generator starting kVA
through the help of ATS preset at difference time as per the
essential loads priority sequence of operation. Refer to Section 3.1
on page 12 for Generator sequence of operation.
Therefore;
Generator Starting kVA = Generator running kVA +
starting kVA of Chiller
= 1424.58 + 80.44
Generator Starting kVA = 1505.02 kVA
Therefore, use 1760 kVA, three (3) phase, 50 Hz Standby

Diesel Generator
3. 3. Generator Feeder Cable Sizing, Circuit Breaker

Selection and Voltage Drop Calculation.
3.3.1 Reference Documents

 Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA)
Regulations.
 BS 7671 – IEE Wiring Regulations (Requirements for
Electricity Installations) 17th Edition.
 KAHRAMAA Distribution Planning Manual
 Oman Cable Catalogue
 Generator No.1 Single Line
3.3.2 Basis of Calculation

A. Determination of Generator starting current (Is).
B. Selection of the nominal current protective device (In).
For fundamental of circuit design protection: IDL ≤ n ≤ z

Refer to diagram of conductor size design method taken from
IEE Wiring Regulations as shown on the next page.
Figure 3.3.A Extracted from IEE Wiring Regulation Circuit

Design (17th Edition)
C. Determination of design current (Ib)

D. Calculation of minimum cable ampacity (derated current, IT)
using appropriate derating factors equation. Refer to IEE Wiring
Regulations as shown on figure 3.3.A.
F. Selection of suitable conductor size.
F. Calculation of voltage drop based on IEE Wiring Regulation
3.3.3 Calculation Details

The following calculation is for Generator distribution switchboard
no.1. The same calculation will be applied to Generator switchboard
No. 2 and Generator switchboard No. 3
A. Determination of Generator starting current (Is).

Generator kVA rating - 1760kVA
Generator VA rating x 1000
IS =
3 x 15 V

1 0 x 1000
=
3 x 15 V
IS = 2,448.59 Amperes
B. Selection of the nominal current protective device (In).

In≥ s, Protective device (In) shall be greater than or equal to
the Generator maximum rated current or starting current (Is)
Used 2,500 AT, 4 Pole, 415 Volts Air Circuit Breaker
C. Determination of design current (Ib)
Total Demand Load = 1210.90 kW ;refer to page 35

1210.90 x 1000
Ib =
3 x 15 0.85
Ib = 1984.24 Amperes
D. Calculation of minimum cable ampacity (derated current, It)

n
It =
Ca x Cg x Cc x Ci
Where:
In = Protective device nominal current or current setting =
2500A.
Ca = 1.06 (Factor at 45°C Ambient temperature)
Cg = 1.0 (rating factor for groups of single core cables, since

the distance between all the cables will be keep twice as
of the cables diameter)
Cc = Correction factor for BS 3036 fuse, (fuse rating is equal
to 0.725 x Iz) – Not applicable.
Ci = Correction factor for thermal insulation – Not applicable.
Iz = Current-carrying-capacity of conductor.

n
Hence, It =
Ca x Cg
2500
It =
1.0 x 1
It = 2358.49 Amperes
E. Selection of suitable conductor size. (Refer to Table 6.1.A on

page 124)
Based on derated design current, It = 2358.49 Amperes
9 – 1C of 630 mm2 CU/XLPE/AWA/LSF for phase cable
2 - 1C of 400 mm2 CU/XLPE/SWA/LSF for neutral cables
Current rating, Iz = 3 x 846 Amperes = 2538 Amperes

Iz > It (current rating of selected cables is greater than the
derated design current, hence the cable can now be checked
for voltage drop).
F. Calculation of voltage drop

The drop in voltage from Generator to Generator distribution
switchgear as per section 3.1 is 1.0%
mV x DL x L
VD
1000 x
where:
mV = 0.168 V/A/km (Refer to Table 6.1.A on page 125)
IDL = 1984.24 Amperes; where IDL = Ib , see above page
L = 25 meters
N = 3 runs or sets
0.1 8 x 198 .2 x 25
VD
1000 x 3
VD = 2.78 Volts

Calculate the percentage of voltage drop, % ΔV:
Δ
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV 0.669 %
0.669 % < 1.0%; Hence the cable used is safe
Determine the Main CB of Generator distribution switchgear?

Since we have size up the overcurrent protective device of the
Generator we can to use the same size such as 2,500 AT, TP, 415
Volts Air Circuit breaker.
3.3.4 Calculation Details in Distribution System

(Downstream)
The following calculation is for the building Emergency power
distribution system (Downstream) Cable Sizing, Circuit Breaker
Selection and Voltage Drop Calculation.
Consider EMB-1 in calculation of Feeder Cable Sizing, Circuit

Breaker Selection and Voltage Drop Calculation, the same
calculation will be applicable to all other EMDB Panel. Refer to EMB-
1 (ATS-1) Distribution Schematic on page 14.
Refer to computation of total connected load, maximum demand

load on page 18
TCL = 287.86 kW
MDL = 250.85 kW
Provision of 20% for future demand loads
MDL = 250.85 X 1.20
MDL = 301.02 kW

A. Determination of design/running current (Ib=IDL).
M x 1000
Ib = IDL =
3 x E x P.F
301.02 x 1000
=
3 x 15 x 0.85
Ib = IDL = 493.27 Amperes
B. Determination of Protective Overcurrent Device, Main CB of

EMDB-1Panel.
Refer to NEC Article 240, 240.6 and PEC Article 2.40; 2.40.1.6
In = 125% x 493.27 Amperes
In = 616.59 Amperes
Use 630 AT, 3P, MCCB over current protective
C. Determination of Automatic Transfer Switch rating for ATS-1
Since the ATS-1 is directly connected to EMDB-1 and carry the total
demand load of EMBD-1 which has an overcurrent rating of 630 A,
3P, therefore used at least the same size of EMDB OCPD rating or
the next higher rating such as 800 A, 4P, ATS.
D. Calculation of minimum cable ampacity (derated current, It)

n
It =
Ca x Cg
where;
In - 630 Amperes (frame rating of the selected
protected device)
Ca - 0.86 (Factor at 45°C Ambient temperature
Cg - 0.77 (rating factor for groups of multi core cable)

30
It =
0.8 x 0.
It = 963.89 Amperes
E. Selection of conductor size. (Refer to Table 6.1.C on page 125)
Based on derated design current current; It = 963.89 Amperes

use 2 – 4C x 240 mm2 Cu/ mica-XLPE/SWA/LSF and
1C 240 mm2 Cu/ LSF earthing conductor
Current rating, Iz = 2 x 561 Amperes = 1122 Amperes
Iz > It (current rating of selected cables is greater than the
derated design current, hence the cable can now be checked
for voltage drop).
F. Calculation of voltage drop

The following calculation is the voltage drop Calculation from the
Generator distribution switchgear to EMB-1. The ATS is installed
just a few meters away in front of the Generator Distribution
Switchgear, thus it does not requires separate computation of
voltage drop.
mV x DL x L
VD
1000 x
where:
mV = 0.22 V/A/km (Refer to Table 6.1.C on page 125)
IDL = 493.27 Amperes : see above page
L = 35 meters
N = 2
0.22 x 93.2 x 35
VD
1000 x 2
VD = 1.89 Volts

Δ
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV = 0.46 %
0.46 % < 1.0%, hence the cable used is safe
But to finalize the size of feeder for EMDB-1, we have also to

consider the voltage drop of the feeder cable to supply the ATS-1
and to fed the same EMDB-1 panel from the Kahramaa as primary
source through MDB Panel 1 which has a total distance of 130
meters, Refer to Distribution Schematic for Generator 1 (single line
diagram) on page 14
where:
mV = 0.22 V/A/km (Refer to Table 6.1.C on page 131)
IDL = 493.27 Amperes Amperes
L = 130 meters
N = 2 sets
Computation results using the same method of calculation
VD = 6.87 Volts
%ΔV 1.66 % , above voltage drop limit
since 1.66% voltage drop from MDB-1 to EMDB-1 is above the limit
we have to increase the ampacity of feeder wire by adding two (2)
sets of the same size and type of cables to be connected in parallel
and have to re-compute the new voltage drop using the same
calculation.
N = 4 sets
0.22 x 93.2 x 30
VD
1000 x
VD = 3.53 Volts

Δ
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV x 100
%ΔV = 0.85 %
0.85 % < 1.0%, hence the cable used is safe
Thus the feeder cable size that shall be used to fed the EMDB 1 is:
4 – 4C x 240 mm2 Cu/ mica-XLPE/SWA/LSF and
1C 500 mm2 Cu/ LSF earthing conductor
To summarize the foregoing calculations, refer to tabulated cable

sizing and voltage drop calculation using the Microsoft Excel
program from page 46 to page 53.
Note: The type of cables used on the following tabular form

can be classified as are follows:
Cable type Description
3 Cu/XLPE/SWA/LSF
4 Cu/mica-XLPE/SWA/LSF

Calculation of Total Voltage Drop from MDB to the Load
The total voltage drop can now be checked by adding the calculated
voltage drop from MDB Panel to EMDB Panel, EMDB to MCC, and
MCC to load (CHP 101).
Hence,
Total Voltage Drop
= (VD from MDB-1 Panel to EMDB-1 Panel) + (VD from
EMDB-1 to MCC-B2-E1) + (VD from MCC-B2-E1 to
CHP101).
Where,
VD from MDB-1 Panel to EMDB-1 = 0.85 %
VD from EMDB to MCC (refer on page 44) = 0.95 %
VD MCC to load (refer on page 51) = 0.89 %
Total Voltage Drop = 0.85% + 0.95% + 0.89%

Total Voltage Drop = 2.69 %
Hence, total voltage drop is within the specified limit of 4%

3.4 SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION
3.4.A Reference Documents:

A. Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA)
Regulations.
B. Electrical Installations Guide by International Electrotechnical
Commission (I.E.C.) International Standards
C. KAHRAMAA Distribution Planning Manual
D. Oman Cable Catalogue
E. Single Line Diagram (Generator Distribution Switchgear and
EMDB Panels)
3.4.B Basis of Calculation
A. For short circuit calculation; use the KAHRAMAA standard short

circuit rating of main switchboard for 1600 kVA supply shall be
as follows:
 44kA @ 3 seconds duration (minimum) at MV panel (MDB)
 25kA @ 3 seconds duration (minimum) at Sub-main
Distribution Board (SMDB)
 12kA @ 3 seconds duration (minimum) at Distribution Board
(DB).
The above ratings shall be applied to the whole switchboard

including main switch or switches, main bus bars,
interconnection bus bars and all outgoing sub-main switch fuses,
fuse switches, circuit breakers, contactors, and other equipment
used in the main switchboard.
B. Short circuit calculation shall be done according to Electrical

Installations Guide by International Electrotechnical Commission
(I.E.C.) International Standards.

C. The fault level will be calculated using point-to-point calculation
and cross checked using per-unit calculation.
D. Calculation for the fault level at the Main Distribution Board

(MDB), Generator distribution switchboard (GDS) Automatic
Transfer Switch (ATS) and Motor Control Center (MCC) and
Sub-Main Distributor Board (SMDB) will be shown with
explanation using point-to-point calculation.
3.4.1 Three Phase Fault
Calculate the fault using Point-to-point method
Based on the determined maximum demand, A simplified single line

diagram indicating the Generator and the motor loads that
contributes a significant fault current as illustrated in figure 3.4.1A
shall be used only in the calculations.
The calculation illustrated herein is based on IEEE Standard 141,
1993. The following steps of calculations are as follows,
1. Convert all element impedances to per unit values on a

common base using the following formula.
VA base
For Utility, Zpu =
VAsc
For Equipment,
MVABASE( E ) VBASE(G VE ) 2
P ( E ) P (C AL
MVABASE(G VE ) VBASE( E )
MVA
For Cables, P actual
V 2
MVAbase
P cable 2
Vbase
MVA base
Zpu = L(R + jXL)
V base
Zactual - is the actual impedance in ohms

Zcable - is the impedance of conductor

Zeq - is the is the equivalent per unit impedance
R - is the conductor resistance in Ω/ m
X - is the conductor reactance in Ω/ m
L - is the distance or length of conductor in km unless
otherwise specified.
Notes:
A. For conductors and equipment resistance, reactance and
inductance (R, X, and L) values, refer to the following
tables
(a) Fire resistant multicore cables
Cu/Mica-XLPE/SWA/LSF-Oman Cables (Refer to Table 6.1.C
on page 125)
(b) Low Voltage Low Smoke and Fume (LSF) Cables, refer to
6.1.B on page 123)
B. Motor Reactance Values per IEEE standard 141, PEC 2009

(a) Motor greater than 50 Hp = 17%
(b) Motor 50 Hp and below = 20%

1. Draw and illustrate the impedance single line diagram
indicating the fault locations. Apply Thevenins theorem.

Drawing No. E-3.4.1 : SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (GENERATOR SUPPLY)

Page 58
Drawing No. E-3.4.2 : IMPEDANCE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (GENERATOR SUPPLY)

Page 59
Drawing No. E-3.4.3 : SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (KAHRAMAA SUPPLY)

Page 60
Drawing No. E-3.4.4 - IMPEDANCE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (KAHRAMAA SUPPLY)

Page 61
2. Calculate the symmetrical short circuit current using
below formula
VA base
Isc-sym =
3 VAsc e
3.4.1.A Calculation Details
Choose 1,600 kVA as kVA base and 0.415 kV as kV base
Converting the per unit impedance of the conductors and equipment

as shown on Drawing No. E-3.4.1, E-3.4.2, E-3.4.3 and E-3.4.4
from page 58 to page 6. Sample conversion calculation for cables,
busduct, transformer, generator, motor is shown and calculation for
the rest is presented in tabular form on page 64.
Per unit impedance of the conductor and bus duct

MVA base
From Formula: Zpu = L(R + jXL)
V base
C1, 9-1C x 630 mm2: R = 0.0430, X = 0.087, length = 25 meters

0.0 30 j 0.08 1.
Zpu-c1 = 0.025 )
3 0. 15
= (0.00833)(0.097046 ∠ 63.6989 )(9.290173)
= 0.007513∠63.6989
Zpu-c1 = 0.003329 + j 0.006735 pu
C1-T1, Bus-duct, 2500A: R 18. 2µΩ/m, 8.2 µΩ/m,
Length =20 meters
1.
Zpu-c1t1 = 10(0.00001842 + j 0.00000824)
0. 15
= 10(0.000020179 ∠24.1008703)(9.290173)
= 0.001875 ∠24.1008703
Zpu-c1t1 = 0.001712 + j 0.000766 pu
Per unit impedance of the equipment

From Formula;
Vgiven base 2 VAne base
Znew pu = Zgiven pu
Vne base VAgiven base
Generator, 1760 kVA, Z = 10.4%

0. 15 2 1 00
Zpu-G = 0.104
0. 15 1 0
Zpu-G = j 0.0832
Transformer, 1600 kVA, Z = 6 %
0. 15 2 1 00
Zpu-G = 0.06
0. 15 1 00
Zpu-G = j 0.060000 pu
Chiller # 1 – 273.5 kW motor; Z = 17 %
0. 15 2 1 00
Zpu-m13 = (0.17)
0. 15 2 3.50/0.85
Zpu-m13 = j 0.845335 pu

Drawing No. E-3.4.5 : POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

Page 65
Combining Series and Parallel Impedances
Referring to Positive Sequence Impedance Single Line Diagram

(Generator Supply) on Drawing No. E-3.4.5 on above page to obtain
the equivalent impedance and symmetrical fault current at selected
three (3) fault locations.
Zpu Line A to B
Zpu-AB = 0.003329 + j 0.006735 + j 0.0832
Zpu-AB = 0.003329 + j 0.089935
Zpu Line C to D
Figure 3.4.1A Impedance Diagram of Line C to D
Zpu-eq1 = 0.008129 + j 0.005934 + 0.07527 + j 0.06690

Zpu-eq1 = 0.083399 + j 0.072834 pu
1
Zpu-eq2 = 3
0. 08583 j 0.0239 8 j 9.0
0. 08583 j 9.090 38
=
3
9.099815 ∠8 . 2 5
=
3

= 3.033272 ∠8 . 2 5
Zpu-eq2 = 0.136197 + j 3.030213 pu
Zpu-CD = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
= 0.083399 + j 0.072834+ 0.136197 + j 3.030213
Zpu-CD = 0.219596 + j 3.103047 pu
Zpu Line E to F
Zpu-EF = 0.026020 + j 0.012030 + 0.118900 + j 0.055000 +
0.912759 + j 0.020670 + j 73.513513
Zpu-EF = 1.057679 + j 73.601213 pu
Zpu Line G to H
Figure 3.4.1B Impedance Diagram of Line G to H
1. 0 15 j0.0303 j2 . 2 2 3
Zpu-eq1= +0.089190+j0.041250
2
2 .80359 ∠8 . 159
= + 0.089190+j 0.041250
2
= 12.401798 ∠ 86.6159 + 0.089190+j 0.041250
= 0.732058 + j 12.380173 + 0.089190+j 0.041250

Zpu-eq1 = 0.821248 + j 12.421423 pu
1. 0 15 j.0303 j2 . 2 2 3
Zpu-eq2 = + 0.074330+ j0.034380
2
Zpu-eq2 = 0.732058 + j 12.380173 + 0.074330+ j 0.034380
Zpu-eq2 = 0.806388 + j 12.414553 pu
Figure 3.4.1C Simplified Impedance Diagram of line G to H
1
Zpu-eq3 = 1 1
pu-e 1 pu-e 2
1
Zpu-eq3 = 1 1
0.8212 8 j 12. 21 23 0.80 388 j 12. 1 553
∠ ∠
=
2 .889253 ∠8 .250 59
15 .8 8 3 ∠1 2.5009
=
2 .889253 ∠8 .250 59
= 0.406907 + j 6.208996 pu
Zpu-GH = 0.406907 + j 6.208996+ 0.008129 + j 0.005934
Zpu-GH = 0.415036 + j 6.21493 pu

Zpu Line I to J
Figure 3.4.1D Impedance Diagram of Line I to J
Zpu-eq1 = 0.821248 + j 12.421423 pu, (same value as computed

on Zpu line G to H from the above page )
Zpu-eq2 = 0.016260 + j 0.0011870 + 0.066900 + j 0.030940
Zpu-eq2 = 0.083160 + j 0.32127 pu
Zpu-IJ = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
= 0.821248 + j 12.421423 + 0.083160 + j 0.32127
Zpu-IJ = 0.904408 + j 12.742693 pu
Zpu Line K to L
Figure 3.4.1E Impedance Diagram of Line K to L

. 3031 j0.0 2023 j10. 1538
Zpu-eq1 =
2
10.5123 2 ∠ 8 . 539
=
2
Zpu-eq1 = 0.215166 + j 5.251780 pu
Zpu-eq2 = 0.026020 + j 0.012030 + 0.146400 + j 0.054990
Zpu-eq2 = 0.172420+ j 0.067020 pu
Zpu-KL = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
Zpu-KL = 0.215166 + j 5.251780 + 0.172420+ j 0.067020
Zpu-KL = 0.387586 + j 5.318800 pu
Zpu Line M to N
Zpu-MN = 0.011612 + j 0.008477 + 0.018578 + j 0.013563 +
j 0.845335
Zpu-MN = 0.030190 + j 0.867375
Figure 3.4.1F Simplified Impedance Diagram
From figure above compute for Zpu-eq1
1
Zpu-eq1 = 1 1
1.05 9 j 3. 01213 0. 1503 j .21 93

3. 08812 ∠ 89.1 93 .228 3∠8 .1 9 33
=
9.829 2 ∠ 88.9 2935
58. 92589 ∠ 1 5.35 12
=
9.829 2 ∠ 88.9 2935
Zpu-eq1 = 0.359310 + j 5.732132 pu
From figure 3.4.1J Compute for Zpu-eq2
1
Zpu-eq2 = 1 1
0.90 08 j 12. 2 93 0.38 58 j 5.318800
8.102 10 ∠ 1 1. 0
=
18.10 ∠ 85.908 2
Zpu-eq2 = 3.760976 ∠85.861574° pu
Zpu-eq2 = 0.271416 + j3.751169 pu
Compute for Zpu-eq3
1
Zpu-eq3 = 1 1
0.359310 j 5. 32132 0.2 1 1 j 3. 511 9
21. 008 ∠ 1 2.2 319

=
9.50 252 ∠ 8 .19 912
Zpu-eq3 = 0.155442 + j 2.267436

Figure 3.4.1G Simplified Impedance Diagram
Combine parallel impedance from the figure above

Zpu-Beq1 =
1
1 1 1
0.21959 j3.1030 0.155 2 j2.2 3 0.030190 j0.8 3 5
(3.11080 ∠85.9521)(2.2 300 ∠8 .0810)(0.8 900 ∠88.00 )

=
.238 21 ∠8 . 10 3
.05 31 ∠2 1.21 1
=
.238 21 ∠8 . 10 3
= 0.970508 ∠174.773547 pu
Zpu-Beq1 = 0.966473 + j 0.088406 pu

Compute for total equivalent impedance Zeq
1
Zeq = 1 1
0.9 3 j 0.088 0 0.003329 j 0.089935
(0.9 050 ∠5.22 1 )(0.8999 ∠8 .8803 )

=
0.98 0 3 ∠10. 19890
0.08 3 2 ∠93.10 0
=
0.98 0 3 ∠10. 19890
Zeq = 0.088577 ∠82.686870° pu or 0.011275 + j 0.087857 pu

Calculate the symmetrical Fault Current F1
1 00
Isc-sym =
3 0. 15 0.0885
Isc-sym = 25,159.6628 Amperes
Isc-sym = 25.16 kA
Symmetrical Fault Current at F2
Figure 3.4.1H Simplified Impedance Diagram

Figure 3.4.1I Simplified Impedance Diagram
Apply Thevenins Theorem
From the figure above combine the three parallel impedances of line
A to B, C to D, and O to P
Zpu-AD =
1
1 1 1
0.003329 j 0.089935 0 021959 j 3.103 0 0.155 2 j 2.2 3
(0.08999 ∠8 .8803)(3.1111 ∠85.95251 )(2.2 30 ∠8 .0810)

=
5. 3 8 ∠88.10 2
0. 3 30 ∠259.91381
=
5. 3 8 ∠88.10 2
Zpu-AF = 0.115294 + j 0.016595 pu

Zpu-eq1 = 0.115294 + j 0.016595 + 0.011612 + j 0. 008477
Zpu-eq1 = 0.126906 + j 0.025072

Figure 3.4.1J Simplified Impedance Diagram

1
Zeq = 1 1
0.12 90 j 0.0250 2 0.0185 8 j 0.858898
(0.129359∠11.1 5 1 )(0.859098∠88. 088 )

=
0.8958 1 ∠80. 5 029
0.111132∠99.93 525
=
0.8958 1 ∠80. 5 029
Zeq = 0.124051 ∠19.28250° pu or 0.117092 + j 0.040965 pu
Calculate the symmetrical fault current F2
VAbase
Isc-sym =
3 Vbase e
1 00
=
3 0. 15 0.12 051
Isc-sym = 18.49 kA

Figure 3.4.1K Simplified Impedance Diagram
Figure 3.4.1L Simplified Impedance Diagram

From figure 3.4.1L on above page combine the three parallel

impedances of line A to B, M to N, and O to P
Zpu-AN =
1 1 1
0.003329 j 0.089935 0.030190 j 0.8 3 5 0.155 2 j 2.2 3
(0.08999 ∠8 .8801)(0.8 90 ∠89.00 558)(2.2 30 ∠8 .0810)

=
3.218123 ∠8 .95 012
0.1 51 ∠2 3.1 2
=
3.218123 ∠8 .95 012
= 0.054431 ∠176.1886 pu
Zpu-AN = 0.054311 + j 0.0036181 pu
Zpu-eq1 = 0.054311 + j 0.0036181+ 0.083399 + j 0.072834

Zpu-eq1 = 0.137710 + j 0.076452 pu
Figure 3.4.1M Simplified Impedance Diagram
Compute for total equivalent impedance Zeq, refer to figure 3.4.1P

on above page.
1
Zeq = 1 1
0.13 10 j 0.0 52 0.13 19 j 3.030213

(0.15 509∠29.03 5 )(3.0332 2 ∠8 . 2 5)
=
3.118 1 ∠8 .9 1 01
0. ∠9 . 0
=
3.118 1 ∠8 .9 1 01
Zeq = 0.153194 ∠11.5027 pu or 0.1501171 + j 0.030549 pu
VAbase
Isc-sym =
3 Vbase e
1 00
=
3 0. 15 0.15319
Isc-sym = 14.55 kA

Drawing No. E-3.4.6 : POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

Page 79
Combining Series and Parallel Impedances
Referring to Positive Sequence Impedance Single Line Diagram

(Generator Supply) on Drawing No. E-3.4.6 on above page to obtain
the equivalent impedance and symmetrical fault current at selected
two (2) fault locations.
.
Zpu Line E to E’
Zpu-EE’ 0.001712 + j 0.000766 + j 0.060000
Zpu-AB = 0.001712 + j 0.060766
Zpu Line C to D
Figure 3.4.1E Impedance Diagram of Line C to D
Zpu-eq1 = 0.030190 + j 0.022040 + 0.07527 + j 0.06690
Zpu-eq1 = 0.105460 + j 0.088940 pu
Zpu-eq2 = 0.136197 + j 3.030213 pu refer to page 67
Zpu-CD = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
Zpu-CD = 0.105460 + j 0.088940 + 0.136197 + j 3.030213
Zpu-CD = 0.241657 + j 3.119153
Zpu Line E to F
Zpu-EF = 0.096630 + j 0.044690 + 0.118900 + j 0.055000 +
0.912759 + j 0.020670 + j 73.513513
Zpu-EF = 1.128289 + j 73.633873 pu
Zpu Line G to H
Zpu-GH = Zpu-eq3 + 0.03190 + j 0.022040
Zpu-GH = 0.406907 + j 6.208996 + 0.03190 + j 0.022040
Zpu-GH = 0.438807 + j 6.231036 pu

Zpu Line I to J
Zpu-eq1 = 0.821248 + j 12.421423 pu
Zpu-eq2 = 0.060380 + j 0.044080 + 0.066900 + j 0.030940
Zpu-eq2 = 0.127280 + j 0.075020 pu
Zpu-IJ = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
Zpu-IJ = 0.821248 + j 12.421423 + 0.127280 + j 0.075020
Zpu Line K to L
Figure 3.4.1I Impedance Diagram of Line K to L
Zpu-eq2 = 0.067850 + j 0.031380 + 0.146400 + j 0.054990
Zpu-eq2 = 0.214250 + j 0.86370 pu
Zpu-KL = Zpu-eq1 + Zpu-eq2
Zpu-KL = 0.215166 + j 5.251780 + 0.214250 + j 0.86370
Zpu-KL = 0.429416 + j 6.115480 pu
Zpu Line M to N
Zpu-MN = 0.060379 + j 0.044079 + 0.018578 + j 0.013563 +
j 0.845335
Zpu-MN = 0.078957 + j 0.902977 pu

Figure 3.4.1N Simplified Impedance Diagram
Combine parallel impedance on the figure above

Zpu-E’E
1
1 1 1
0.2 1 5 j 3.119153 1.128289 j 3. 338 3 0. 3 08 j .23103
=
(3.128500∠85.5 98 )( 3. 251 ∠89.122128)( .2 1 ∠8 .0119 3)
83.003 ∠88. 5 392
1 39.05 5 2 ∠2 0. 039 8
=
83.003 ∠2.93 3
Zpu-EH = 17.337275 ∠2.937364° pu

Zpu-EH = 17.314496 + j 0.888435 pu
1
Zeq = 1 1
0.001 12 j 0.0 0 1 .31 9 j 0.888 35
(0.0 0 90 ∠88.38 19 )(1 .33 2 ∠2.93 3 )

=
1 .31 208 ∠3.13 5 1

1.053933 ∠91.3235 0
=
1 .31 208 ∠3.13 5 1
Zeq = 0.060864 ∠88.185989° pu or 0.001927 + j 0.060833 pu
Calculate the symmetrical Fault Current F4
1 00
Isc-sym =
3 0. 15 0.0 08
Isc-sym = 36.62 kA

Figure 3.4.1O Simplified Impedance Diagram
Figure 3.4.1P Simplified Impedance Diagram

From figure 3.4.1P, combine the three parallel impedances of line K’

to K, K to L, and M to N
Zpu-K’
1
1 1 1
0.001 12 j 0.0 0 0. 29 1 j .115 80 0.0 895 j 0.9029
(0.0 0101∠88.3 9)( .130538∠85.983 )(0.90 22∠85.002 2)

=
.0 518 ∠82.2 12
0.322155 ∠2 0.25
=
.0 518 ∠82.2 12
Zpu-K’ = -0.045575 + j 0.001581 pu

Zpu-eq1 = -0.045575 + j 0.001581 + 0.127280 + j 0. 075020
Zpu-eq1 = 0.081705 + j 0.076601 pu
Figure 3.4.1Q Simplified Impedance Diagram
Compute for total equivalent impedance Zeq, refer to figure 3.4.1O

on above page.
1
Zeq = 1 1
0.081 05 j 0.0 01 0.8212 8 j 12. 21 23
(0.11200∠ 3.1500)(12. 85 2 ∠8 .21 3 9)

=
12.530599 ∠85.8 9

1.39 23 ∠129.3 3 9
=
12.530599 ∠85.8 9
Zeq = 0.111267 ∠43.499675 pu or 0.080711 + j 0.076591 pu
VAbase
Isc-sym =
3 Vbase e
1 00
Isc-sym =
3 0. 15 0.1112
Isc-sym = 20.03 kA

3.4.2 Line to Line Fault
The positive sequence equivalent impedance and negative

equivalent impedance are connected in parallel for the Line to Line
(L-L-G) Fault.
Figure 3.4.2.A L-L-G Fault Equivalent Impedance
By using Kirchhoff’s Voltage La and Ohms La ;

VF = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2)
VF
Ia1 =
1 2
0
Ib = Iao + a2Ia1 + aIa2
Ib = a2Ia1 + aIa2
where: a2 = 1 ∠240° and a = 1 ∠120°
Ib = IF
Calculation of L-L-G Fault current at F1

where:
VF = 1∠0
Z1 = ZF = 0.011275 + j 0.087857 (Symmetrical Three
Phase Fault @ F1, refer to page 73)
Z1 = Z2 = 0.011275 + j 0.087857 pu
Solving for Ia1:

VF
Ia1 =
1 2

1 ∠0
Ia1 =
0.0112 5 j 0.08 85 0.0112 5 j 0.08 85
1 ∠0
=
0.0225500 j 0.1 5 1
1 ∠0
=
0.1 155 ∠82. 8 002
Ia1 = 5.644774 ∠-82. 8 00
Solving for Ia2:
Ia2 = -Ia1
= (-1)( 5.644774 ∠-82. 8 00 °)

= -0.718521+ j 5.598857
Ia2 = 5.644774 ∠9 .31299
Solving for Ib (Ib = IF)

2
Ib = a Ia1 + aIa2
Ib = (1∠240°)(5.644774 ∠-82. 8 00 °)
+(1∠120°)(5.644774 ∠9 .31299 °)
= 5.644774 ∠157.312998° + 5.644774 ∠217.312997°)
= - 5.208013 + j 2.177171 - 4.489491 - j 3.421686
= - 9.697504 - j 1.244515
Ib = 9.777034 ∠-172.687002°
Ib = IF = 9.777034 ∠-172.687002°
Solving of Line to Line Ground Fault (L-L-G-F1)
VAbase
IL-L-G-F1 = IF
3 V
1, 00
= X 9.777034
3 . 15
IL-L-G-F1 = 21,788.7797 Amperes
IL-L-G-F1 = 21.79 kA

3.4.3 Line to Ground Fault
hree hevenin’s equivalent networks are connected in series for
the Single Line to Ground (SL-G) Fault.
Figure 3.4.3 Single Line to Ground (SL-G) Fault

Equivalent networks
Z1 - Positive Impedance (per unit)
Z2 - Negative Impedance (per unit)
Za0 - Zero Impedance (per unit)
where:
Ia = Ia1 +Ia2 +Ia0 ;
since connected in series: Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0
Ia = 3 Ia1
IF = Ia = 3 Ia1
By using Kirchhoff’s Voltage La and Ohms La ;
VF = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 + Za0)
VF
Ia1 =
1 2 a0

Calculation of SL-G Fault at fault F2
Where:
VF = 1∠0

Z1 = Z2 = 0.117092 + j 0.040965 pu
Z0 = 0.117092 + j 0.040965 pu; where Generator winding

is Series Star grounded
Solving for Ia1:
VF
Ia1 =
1 2 a0
1∠0
Ia1 =
3(0.11 092 j 0.0 09 5)
1∠0
=
0.3512 j 0.122895
1∠0
=
0.3 2153 ∠19.2825 8
Ia1 = 2.687067 ∠-19.282548° pu
Solving for Ia
Ia = 3 Ia1
Ia = IF
= 3(2.687067 ∠-19.282548°)
= 3(2.536327 – j 0.887342)
IF = 7.608981 – j 2.662026
IF = 8.061202 ∠-19.282550°
Solving of SL-G Fault current
VA base
ISL-G-F1 = X IF
3 V
1 00
ISL-G-F1 = X 8.061202
3 0. 15

ISL-G-F1 = 17,964.932 Amperes
ISL-G-F1 = 17.96 kA
3.4.4 Double Line to Ground Fault

The three equivalent networks are connected in parallel for Double Line
to Ground (DL-G) Fault.
Figure 3.4.4 Double Line to Ground (DL-G) Fault

Equivalent networks
By using Kirchhoff’s La and Ohm’s La

2 0
VF = Ia1 x Z1 +
2 0
VF
Ia1 =
2 0
1
2 0
2 2
Ib = Iao + a Ia1 + aIa2; where a = 1 ∠240° and a = 1 ∠120°
Ib = IF(pu)
Calculation of DL-G Fault at F3

Where:
VF = 1∠0


Z1 = Z2 = 0.1501171 + j 0.030549 pu
or 0.153194 ∠11.502696 pu
Z0 = 0.1501171 + j 0.030549 pu (where Generator winding
is Series Star grounded)
Solving for Ia1:
VF
Ia1 =
2 0
1
2 0
Ia1 =
1∠0
(0.15011 j 0.0305 9 )(0.15011 j 0.0305 9 )
0.15011 j 0.0305 9
0.15011 j 0.0305 9 0.15011 j 0.0305 9
1∠0
(0.15319 ∠11.502 )(0.15319 ∠11.502 )
0.15011 j 0.0305 9
0.30023 j0.0 1098
1∠0
=
0.023 8 ∠23.005
0.15011 j 0.0305 9
0.30 388 ∠11 502 9
1∠0
=
0.15011 j 0.0305 9
1∠0
=
0.229 88 ∠11.502 9
Ia1 = 4.351837 ∠-11.502 9
Solving for Ia2;

V
Ia2 = (-1) x
Where:
Va2 = VF – (Ia1 x Za1); Za1=Z1 = 0.153194 ∠11.502696 pu
= 1∠0 – (4.351837 ∠-11.502 9 )(0.153194 ∠11.502696 )

= 1∠0 – (0.666675 ∠0 )
= 1 + j 0 – 0.666675 - j 0
Va2 = 0.333325 ∠0°
V
Ia2 = (-1) x ; Za2 = Z2 = 0.153194 ∠11.502696 pu
0.333325 ∠0
Ia2 = (-1) x
∠
= (-1)(2.175836 ∠-11.502696°)
= -2.132135 + j 0.433892
Ia2 = 2.175835 ∠168.497310° pu
Solving for Iao

V
Ia0 = (-1) x
since Za0 = Za2
hence Ia0 = Ia2 = 2.175835 ∠168.497310° pu

2
Ib = Iao + a Ia1 + aIa2
Ib = 2.175835 ∠168.497310° + (1 ∠240°)(4.351837 ∠-11.502 9 )
+ (1 ∠120°)(2.175835 ∠168.497310°)
= 2.175835 ∠168.497310° + 4.351837 ∠228.49731°
+ 2.175835 ∠228.49731°
= -2.132135 + j 0.433892 - 2.883767 –j 3.259198 - 1.441828
-j 1.629536
Ib = 7.845247 ∠-145.400286°
Ib = IF = 7.845247 ∠-145.400286°
Solving DL-G Fault Current
VAbase
IDL-G-F1 = X IF
3 V
1, 00
= X 7.845247
3 . 15
IDL-G-F1 = 17,483.6621 Amperes
IDL-G-F1 = 17.48 kA

Using same application of calculation from Single Line to Ground
Fault, Line to Line Fault and Double Line to Ground Fault from
above, table below are the fault currents considered in this report.
Table of Calculated Short Circuit Fault
Single Double
Short Short Line to
3 Phase Line to Line to
Fault Circuit Fault Circuit Line
Fault Ground Ground
Location Level Fault
Fault Fault
Generator
F1 Distribution 44 kA 25.16 kA 25.16 kA 21.79 kA 25.16 kA
Switchgear
F2 ATS-12-17 25 kA 18.83 kA 21.18 kA 16.31 kA 18.83 kA
F3 MCC-B2-E1 25 kA 14.55 kA 14.45 kA 13.18 kA 17.48 kA
F4 MDB-1 44 kA 36.62 kA 36.64 kA 31.71 kA 35.88 kA
F5 SMDB-5-E3 25 kA 20.03 kA 20.03 kA 17.35 kA 20.00 kA

3.5 – Protection Coordination
Figure 3.5.A Protection Coordination Diagram
Calculation of Setting Values for Generator Distribution

Switchgear Main Circuit Breaker
Given:
Ib = 1984.24 Amperes (Demand Current)
IFL = 2463.88 Amperes (Total Connected Load Current)
ISC(max) = 25,159,6628 Amperes (Maximum Short Circuit
Current @ Fault 1, refer to page 73)
ISC(min) = ISC(max) x 0.38

= 25,159,6628 x 0.38
ISC(min) = 9,560.67 Amperes
Circuit Breaker:
Rating (In) = 2500A
Type = Air Circuit Breaker, withdrawable
Model = NW25H1
Trip Unit = Micrologic 6.0 A
Breaking Capacity = 65kA
Micrologic 6.0A:
Long Time Trip = (1.05 to 1.2) x IR
Short Time Trip = ±10% Accuracy
Instantaneous Trip = ±15% Accuracy
Calculation of Long Time Pickup Current Setting(IR)

Condition: Ib < IR < IFL
Assume: KR – as the setting value of multiplying factor to
calculate the long time pick up current IR,
subscript R identifying as Long Time Pickup
IFL
KR =
In
2463.88 A
KR =
2500 A
KR = 0.98 say 0.9
Therefore :
IR = 2,500 x 0.9
IR = 2,250 Amperes
Calculation of Minimum and Maximum Trip Current of Main

Circuit Breaker

Minimum Trip Current = IR x 1.05
= 2000 x 1.05
= 2100 Amperes
Maximum Trip Current = IR x 1.2
= 2,250 x 1.2
= 2700 Amperes
Calculation of Short Time Pickup Current Rating(ISD)
Condition: ISD < ISC(min)
Assume: KSD – as the setting value of multiplying factor to
calculate the short time pick up current ISD,
subscript SD identifying as Short Time Pickup
ISC(min)
KSD =
IR
9,560.67
KSD =
2,250
KSD = 4.25 say 4

Therefore :
ISD = IR x KSD = 2250 x 4
ISD = 9,000 (±10%)
Calculation of Instantaneous Pickup Current Setting (Ii)
Condition :
Ii < ISC(max)
Hence:
ISC(max)
Ki =
In
25,159,66
Ki =
2500
Ki = 10.06 say 10
Therefore:

Ii = In x Ki = 2500 x 10
Ii = 25,000 Amperes (±15%)
See Discrimination Curve between Generator Distribution
Switchboard protection and EMDB-1 protection Instantaneous time
to trip as per CB model no. NW25H1 of Schneider Electric is 0.014
sec.
Discrimination status : Total discrimination
Legend:
Generator distribution switchgear protection
circuit breaker characteristics curve.
(NW12H1)
EMDB-3 protection circuit breaker

characteristics curve.
(NW25H1)
Calculation of Setting Values for EMDB- 1 Main Circuit
Breaker
Given:
Ib = 493.27 Amperes (Demand Current
refer to page 42)
ITCL = 566.04 Amperes
ISC(max) = 14,547.3547 Amperes (Maximum
Short Circuit Current @ Fault 3, refer to
page 78)
ISC(min) = ISC(max) x 0.38 (refer to 1993 IEEE 141
page 126)
= 14,547.3547 x 0.38
ISC(min) ` = 5,527.9948 Amperes
Circuit Breaker:
Rating (In) = 630 Amperes
Type = Molded case circuit breaker
Model = NW25H1
Breaking Capacity = 50 kA
Micrologic 5.0A:
Micrologic 6.3A:

Calculation of Long Time Pickup Current Setting (IR)
Condition: Ib < IR
IFL
KR =
In
566.04
=
630
KR = 0.898 say 0.8
IR = In x KR
= 630 x 0.8
IR = 504 Amperes
Therefore:
= 504 x 1.05
= 529 Amperes
= 504 x 1.2
= 605 Amperes
Calculation of Short Time Pickup Current Setting (ISD)

ISC(min)
KSD =
IR
5,527.99
KSD =
504
KSD = 10.96 or say 10

Note: Maximum Short Time Pickup Current of the chosen Circuit
Breaker can be set only up to 10 X IR.
Therefore:
ISD = IR x 10
= 504 x 10
ISD = 5,040 Amperes (±10%)
Calculation of Instantaneous Trip Current Setting (Ii)

Condition: Ii < ISC(max)
ISC(max)
Ki =
In
14,547.3547
=
630
Ki = 23 or say 15
Note: Maximum Instantaneous Current of the chosen Circuit

Breaker can be set only up to 15 x In.
Therefore:
Ii = In x 15 = 630 x 15
Ii = 9450 Amperes (±15%)

See discrimination Curve between Generator Distribution switchgear
circuit breaker protection and EMDB-1 Main circuit breaker
protection
Discrimination status: Total discrimination
Legend:
MCC protection circuit breaker characteristics
curve. (NSX400N)
EMDB-1 protection circuit breaker
characteristics curve. (NW12H1)

Calculation of Setting Values for MCC- B2-E1 CB
Given:
Ib = 253.36 Amperes (Demand Current
including 20% spare, see page 18)
ISC(max) = 14,547.3547 A (Maximum Short
Circuit Current @ Fault 3, page 78)
ISC(min) = 5,527.99 Amperes (see calculation
at main CB)
Circuit Breaker:
Rating (In) = 400 A
Type = MCCB
Model = NSX400N
Breaking Capacity = 50kA verify
Micrologic 5.3A:
ISC(min) = 0.38 x ISC(max) (refer to 1993 IEEE 141 page 114
Appendix A-11 page 157)
Calculation of Long Time Pickup Current Setting(IR)

Condition: Ib < IR
Hence:
Ib
KR =
In
253.36
=
400
KR = 0.6334 say 0.6

IR = In x KR
= 400 x 0.6
IR = 240 A
Therefore:
= 240x 1.05
= 252 A
= 240 x 1.2
= 288 A
Calculation of Short Time Pickup Current Rating (ISD)
ISC(min)
KSD =
IR
5,527.99
=
240
KSD = 23.03
Note: Maximum Short Time Pickup Current of the chosen Circuit

Breaker can be set only up to 10 X IR.
Therefore:
ISD = IR x 10 = 240 x 10
ISD = 2,400 A (±10%)

Calculation of Instantaneous Trip Current Setting (Ii)
Condition: Ii < ISC(max)
ISC(max)
Ki =
In
14,547.3547
=
400
Ki = 36.37
Note: Maximum Instantaneous Current of the chosen Circuit
Breaker can be set only up to 15 x In.
Therefore:
Ii = In x 15
= 400 x 15
Ii = 6,000 A (±15%)
Calculation of Setting Values for CHP-101 Circuit Breaker

Given:
Ib = IFL
= 49.10 Amperes (Motor Full Load Current)
Im = 640 A (Magnetic Trip Current)
Circuit Breaker:
Rating (In) = 80 A
Type = MCCB
Model = NSX100F
Trip Unit = TM-14 (Magnetic Trip fixed @ 640 A)
Breaking Capacity = 50 kA
Trip Unit:
Magnetic Trip = ±20% Accuracy

Calculation of Long Time Pickup Current (IR)
Condition: Ib < IR
Ib
KR =
In
49.10
KR =
80
KR = 0.6138 say 0.6
However:
Minimum Long Time Pickup Current of the chosen Circuit Breaker
can be set only down to 0.8 x In.
IR = In x 0.8
= 80 x 0.8
IR = 64 A
Therefore :
Minimum Trip Current = IR x 1.05 = 64 x 1.05
= 67.2 A
Maximum Trip Current = IR x 1.2 = 64 x 1.2
= 76.8 A
Checking Circuit Breaker Stability at Motor Starting:

Condition :
IR < Im
Solving for Lock Rotor Current (ILR)
As per rule of thumb starting current or lock rotor current 6 x
full load current.
ILR = 6 X IFL = 6 x 49.10
ILR = 294.6 A
See Discrimination Curve between Motor circuit breaker protection

and MCC circuit breaker protection below.

Discrimination status : Total discrimination
Legend:
Motor protection circuit breaker
characteristics curve. (GV2ME)
MCC protection circuit breaker
characteristics

Section 4 - Material Specifications
4.1 General
4.1 General
In this section, technical specification of the major equipment and
materials used in this report are being described briefly. All selected
equipment/materials shall be robust and durable, suited to
continuous running in the range of ambient conditions that are
likely to occur in the vicinity, based on the latest manufacturer’s
published data and consider the availability of spare parts in local
market including the technical supports.
4.2 Material List and Specifications

A. 1760 kVA Standby Diesel Generator Set
 The Alternator shall be of the single-bearing, brushless,
screen protected type and shall be rated at 0.8 PF
240Volts/415Volts, 3-phase, 4-wire, 50Hz at the speed of
1,500 rpm.
 The engine shall be capable of driving a generator for ambient
conditions of 50°C and complete with exhaust, engine cooling
system, filter, governor, starting system, engine fuel system,
daily fuel tank.
 Engine Protection Devices shall have sensing elements to
initiate preliminary alarms and engine shutdowns.
 Engine Panel mounted on the engine shall consist of
components such as: oil temperature, oil pressure and water
temperature gauge, tachometer, and start-stop push button.
 Terminal voltage shall be adjustable within +5% of the rated
voltage.
 Frequency variation at any steady load shall be within a
bandwidth of +0.25%.
Section 4 – Material Specifications Page 108

 Generator Control Panel shall consist of components such as:
one (1) three-phase, 4 Pole Circuit breaker with pad lock
shunt trip, ammeters, voltmeter and selector switch, DC
ammeter, frequency meter and wattmeter, kilowatt-hour
meter, set of current transformers, set of indicating lamps,
set of instrument fuses, set of protective relays and other
accessories according to the manufacturer’s design.
B. Automatic Transfer Switch, 260, 600, 800 and 1000 Amp, 415
Volts, 3 Phase
 Pole, equipped with required mechanism and controller to
make the ATS system fully operational. Electrically operated,
mechanically held. Close differential 3 phase under-voltage
sensing of the normal source & under frequency sensing of
the normal source. Voltage and frequency sensing of the
emergency source. Test switch (test/load/no load) to simulate
normal source failure – automatically bypassed should the
emergency source fail. Indicating LED Pilot Lights: Switch in
emergency and normal position, normal and emergency
source available.
 Time Delay to Engine Start and Time Delay on Retransfer to
Normal.
C. Main Switchboard
 The main switchboard shall be of a free standing, cubicle type
modular construction system conforming to fully type tested
designs, incorporating ACB’s, MCCB’s bus bars, measuring
equipment etc.
 All circuit breakers (Air Circuit Breaker, Molded Case Circuit
Breaker) and bus bar ratings shall be as per the load
schedules and drawings. All circuit breakers and bus bars

shall be rated for 50°C. All auxiliary power supplies shall be
provided as per the manufacturer’s re uirement.
 Factory Built Assemblies (FBA’s) fault brea ing capacities for
main switchboards shall be as stipulated in KAHRAMAA
Regulation.
 Restricted earth fault protection shall be provided for main
switchboards in accordance with the KAHRAMAA Regulations.
 All wiring shall be arranged in a regular manner with bends
set at 90° and securely held in position with suitable clips and
where convenient shall be installed in the uprights and/or
back-stays insulating bushes being used where necessary.
 All terminal boards shall be mounted in accessible positions
and, when in enclosed cubicles shall be inclined downwards
towards the door. Spacing of adjacent terminal boards shall
not be less than 100 mm and the bottom of each board shall
not be less than 200 mm above the incoming cable gland
plate. Separate studs shall be provided on each terminal strip
for the cores of incoming and outgoing cables including all
spare cores.
D. Air Circuit Breakers

 The ACB shall be suitable for triple pole service and shall have
breaking capacity of 50 kA symmetrical for 3 seconds at 415
volts.
 The ACB shall confirm to the requirements of IEC 60947-2 /
IS 13947. The circuit breaker shall be suitable for 415 V +
10%, 50 Hz supply system. Air Circuit Breakers shall be with
molded housing flush front, draw out type and shall be
provided with a trip free manual operating mechanism or as
indicated in drawings and bill of quantities with mechanical
"O " "OFF" “ R P” indications.

 ACB shall be designed to `close' and `trip' without opening
the circuit breaker compartment door. The operating handle
and the mechanical trip push button shall be at the front of
the breakers panel and integral with the breaker.
 The ACB shall be provided with a door interlock. The contacts
shall be of silver plated copper with a feature of contact wear
inspection, indicating the life of the contacts. The ACB shall
have double insulation (Class-II) with moving and fixed
contacts totally enclosed for enhanced safety and in
accessibility to live parts. All electrical closing breaker shall be
with electrical motor wound stored energy spring closing
mechanism with mechanical indicator to provide ON/OFF
status of the ACB.
 The cradle shall be so designed and constructed as to permit
smooth withdrawal and insertion of the breaker into it. The
movements shall be free from jerks, easy to operate and shall
be on steel balls/rollers and not on flat surfaces.
There shall be 4 distinct and separate position of the circuit
breaker on the cradle.
Service Position : Main Isolating contacts and control
contacts of the breaker are engaged.
Test Position : Main Isolating contacts are isolated
but control contacts are still engaged.
Isolated Position : Both main isolating and control
contacts are isolated.
Maintenance : Circuit breaker fully outside the panel
ready for maintenance after the
cubicle door is opened.
 The auxiliary contacts blocks shall be so located as to be
accessible from the front. The auxiliary contacts in the trip
circuits shall close before the main contacts have closed. All
other contacts shall close simultaneously with the main

contacts. The auxiliary contacts in the trip circuits shall open
after the main contacts open.
E. Sub-main Switchboard Panel (SMDB)

 SMDB shall be suitable for operation on a 3 phase, 4 wire,
415V supply.
 The symmetrical through fault rating shall be 25 kA or as
indicated on drawing for the duration of 3 seconds.
 SMDB shall be flush mounted or surface mounted type and
shall be mounted separately from motor control center or
switchboard. The boards shall be totally enclosed, dust
protected, vermin proof type.
 Enclosure shall be fabricated from robust galvanized sheet
steel fully rust-proof; stove enameled of minimum thickness
of 1.5mm and shall be protected to IP 32 for internal use with
neoprene gaskets for the doors.
 The SMDB shall be provided with fixed cover and a hinged
door with padlock which can be opened without any
obstruction about 120 degrees and conduit knockouts from
the top and bottom. The hinged door with a lock and key shall
be integral part of the fixed cover.
 All SMDB shall be controlled by an adequately rated on-load
isolator or circuit breaker to interrupt the supply to the entire
distribution board.
F. Distribution Boards
 The distribution board shall be of the totally enclosed, sheet
metal type of minimum thickness 1.6 mm and suitable for
wall mounting unless specified.
 The sheet metal box shall be sprayed with one coat of anti-
rust primer and two finishing coats of grey paint. The cover
for the box shall have a handle lock complete with keys.

Screw on type will not be accepted. The hinges for the covers
shall as far as possible are concealed. Knockouts shall be
provided for cable entry.
 Phases shall be separated by phase barriers made of bakelite.
Circuit breaker shall be mounted on a metal strip of sufficient
thickness and tightly fixed. Sufficient length of busbars and
metal strip space shall be provided to accommodate future
circuit breakers. Sufficient terminal sand clams shall be
provided for the neutral bars and earth bars to accommodate
neutral wires and earth wires. The distribution board wires
shall be color coded for easy identification and prevention of
wrong phase connection. Colored adhesive tape on
distribution wires shall not be acceptable as color code.
 All circuits and breaker sizes shall be clearly labeled and
mounted on an approved holder fixed on to the back of cover
of the distribution board.
 All distribution boards shall include a main incoming isolator,
circuit breaker or switch-fuse of sufficient rating.
 Additional space shall be allowed in each distribution board for
increasing the number of circuit ways by at least 10% and
suitable blank plates shall be provided for the initial
installation.
G. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers

 MCCB shall be Current Limiting and comprise of Quick Make -
break switching mechanism, preferably Double Break Contact
system, arc extinguishing device and the tripping unit shall be
contained in a compact, high strength, heat resistant, flame
retardant, insulating moulded case with high withstand
capability against thermal and mechanical stresses. All
MCCB’s shall be capable of defined Variable overload
adjustment. All MCCB’s up to 250 Amps shall have thermal

magnetic releases and above 250 amps shall have
microprocessor based release with adjustable magnetic short
circuit pickup. MCCB with earth fault protection shall be an
integral part of the release with adjustable magnetic short
circuit and earth fault protection with time delay.
 The trip command shall override all other commands. MCCB
shall employ maintenance free contact system and shall
minimize the let thru’ energies and capable of achieving
discrimination up to full short circuit capacity of downstream
MCCB. The manufacturer shall provide both discrimination
tables and let thru energy curves.
 he brea ing capacity of MCCB’s shall be as as ed for on the
drawing. The breaking capacities specified shall be ICU=ICS
i.e. type-2. Co-ordination as per IEC-60947-2, 1989.
 he MCCB’s shall be provided ith rotary handle operating
mechanism. The handle position shall give positive indication
of “O”’, “OFF” or “tripped” thus ualifying to Disconnection as
per the IEC indicating the true position of all the contacts. In
case of 4 poles MCCB the neutral shall be defined and capable
of offering protection.
Frame sizes of MCCBs shall be of following standard sizes.
MCCB Rating Frame Size
100 amps & below 100 amps 100 amps
More than 100 amps up to 160 amps 160 amps
The breaking capacities of MCCBs are mentioned panel wise.

MCCBs shall be of following standard ratings.

MCCB Rating Frame Size
25 kA & below 25 kA
Above 25 kA up to 35 kA 35 kA
H. Wires and Cables

 Unless otherwise specified, cables and wires of the following
specified voltage ratings shall be used as indicated.
600/1000 V rated cables : Main and sub-main distribution

panels, motor control centers,
circuits serving process
equipment
450/750 V rated cables : Final sub-circuit supplies for
lighting, socket outlets, etc.
 Cu/Mica-XLPE/SWA/LSF Cable
 Cables shall be 600/1000V grade complying with BS 7846
and comply with the test requirements specified in BS
6387, copper conductor, glass mica tape covered with
cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated, extruded layer
of Low Smoke & Fumes (LSF) bedded, steel wire armoured
and LSF outer sheathed.
 Conductors shall be single core high conductivity, stranded
conductors complying with BS 6360. For multi-core cables.
 Each conductor core shall be of the same cross-sectional
area.
 Cu/XLPE/AWA/LSF Cable
 Cables shall be 600/1000V grade complying with BS 6724,
copper conductor, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
insulated, Aluminum wire armoured, Low Smoke & Fumes
(LSF) outer sheathed.

 Conductors shall be high conductivity stranded copper
conductors complying with BS 6360, each conductor core
shall be of the same cross-sectional area.
 Each core of the cable shall be identified by the appropriate
colour as specified in BS 6346 throughout the whole of the
insulation.
I. Cable Ladder
 All cable ladders and accessories installed indoors shall be
heavy-duty electro-galvanized mild steel type. All cable
ladders installed outdoors shall be heavy-duty hot dipped
galvanized hot rolled mild steel to BS 729. Thickness of the
mild steel shall not be less than 2 mm.
 Cable ladder shall have a 150 mm high longitudinal side
member for ladders width of 800 mm or above and 120 mm
high longitudinal side member for ladder width less than 800
mm.
 The rungs shall be at least 50 mm wide, with slots of 25 mm x
10 mm at 25 mm intervals covering the length of the rungs.
The rungs shall be space at 300 mm apart along straight
lengths of the ladder.
 The complete cable ladder installation shall be provided with
all necessary proprietary factory-made elbows, risers,
reducers, tees, crosses, drop-outs, etc. and any site
fabricated items will not be permitted.
 For cable ladder that are exposed to the weather, a hot-dip
galvanized covers of 1.5mm gauge steel, flush fixing type with
gasket, shall be installed on top of the ladder.
 Copper earth link bar shall be fixed at every joint of the cable
ladder run.

J. Cable Trays
 Cable tray shall be of perforated type and constructed out of
minimum 1.6 mm hot dipped galvanized mild steel for
outdoor damp condition, and epoxy coated electro-galvanized
mild steel for indoor installation. All cable trays shall be
installed in a straight run parallel to walls where possible.
 Cable trays shall be supported by electro-galvanized “ ”
channel with galvanized threaded rod for indoor suspended
tray and hot-dipped galvanized for area subject to weather.
K. Cable Trunking
 Cable trunking shall be manufactured from 1.6 mm minimum
electro-galvanized mild sheet steel to BS4678 finish with color
to the Engineer’s choice
 All trunking shall have removable lids extending over their
entire lengths. Lids shall be fixed at interval not exceeding 1
meter by means of brass steel screws which and protected
against corrosion by a finish of zinc coating or equivalent to
zinc coating.
 Factory-made bends, joints, elbow, riser, tee, reducer and
accessories with same material shall be provided throughout
the installation for trunking.
L. Grounding System
 The earthing system shall be in accordance with KAHRAMAA
Regulations.
 Earthing pits with resistivity of less than one (1) ohm shall be
constructed outside the foot print of the building. The copper
earthing system shall comprise of complete earth electrodes,
earth strips/grids, earth inspection chambers, earth leads,
main earth terminals, earth test link boxes at ground level,

etc. Under these circumstances, each individual earthing
system shall have earth leads connecting to main earth.
 Earth electrode rods shall be 18 mm diameter extensible
copper type with internal screw and socket joints, driving
head and connection clamp.
 Earth leads, also commonly known as earth conductors, shall
be used for the final connection between the earth electrodes
and the main earth terminals.
 Suitable earthing terminals shall be provided in all the
equipment housings, switchgear enclosures, relayed and
instrument casings and all other electrical metalwork for
bonding to earth.

Section 5 - Recommendations and Conclusions
5.1 Conclusion
From the specific comments above and being the one who review
the design of the power distribution for the TMR tower, my
recommendation will be as follows:
1. Placing the Emergency Generator set at 12th floor level having a
total distance of 130 meters away from the MV Panel (Kahramaa
source) results high voltage drop which causes to double the size
of all the feeder cables supplying all the EMDB Panels in order to
correct it.
2. The classification of the essentials loads between life safety and
standby essential loads and the provision of group of A S’s which
dictates strategic time interval to transfer emergency power as
per priority will surely minimize the contribution starting kVA
which can reduces the requires size of Generator.
3. Most of the conceptual designed feeder cables and over current
protection for EMDB-1, SMDB and DB Panels were found
oversized and had been corrected on this design.
4. The conceptual designed size (2,000 kVA) of the Emergency
Generator sets were also found oversize and reduce to 1760 kVA
in this report. The excess power from 2000 kVA cannot be
utilized because of conceptual main circuit protection device is
only 2000 A.
Section 5 – Recommendations & Conclusions Page 119

5.2 Recommendation
1. To consider the value engineering and client benefit, the

Essential MV Switchgear, ATS and Panels equipments and the
Emergency Generator sets shall not be placed on top of building
that has 130 meters away from the MV Panel (Kahramaa
source). It shall be located in a strategic location and have to
consider during planning stage of the building to reduced high
voltage drop and have saving in construction cost.
2. For the oversized rating of the Feeder cables and protective
devices, it is recommended that changes of rating shall not be
considered since the project is bare and the variations to be
made are anticipated by the design device rating, eventually the
additional of loads will be considered along the construction of
the towers.
Finally, it is the author’s ish that the reader of this report ill
be guided clearly on how the design of Emergency Power
distribution system of Archive building and other premises have
been reviewed and prepared as well.
Section 5 – Recommendations & Conclusions Page 120

Chapter 6 - Appendices and References
6.1 Appendices
Figure : 6.1A Extracted from KAHRAMAA Regulations
Current Ratings For Single And Multi-core Cables (pages 82 –

83) 2010 edition.
The following factors have been used in determining the maximum
current carrying capacity of cables to be used within the State of
Qatar with copper conductors and manufactured to comply with:
BS 6346: 1997 (Specification For 600/1000 V And 1900/3300
V Armoured Electric Cables Having PVC Insulation).
BS 6004: 1995 (Specification For PVC - Insulated Cables (
Non - Armoured ) For Electric Power And Lighting).
BS 5467: 1997 (Specification For 600/1000 V And 1900/3300
V Armoured Electric Cables Having Thermosetting Insulation).
1. Where cables are laid in the ground ( In Pipes Of Direct )
depth of lay is 600 mm.
2. Ground temperature 35 ºC.
3. Thermal resistivity of ground 3 ºC m/w.
4. Where cables are installed above ground level and not
exposed to the outside ambient conditions, air temperature
taken as 45 ºC.
5. Where cables are installed above ground level and exposed
to the outside ambient conditions, air temperature taken as
50 ºC.
6. All current ratings apply only where the cables have closed
excess current protection.
7. The current ratings for cables having aluminium conductors
have not been included in these tables, aluminium conductors
shall not be used.
8. Cables not manufactured to the above British Standards
are not included in these tables and therefore, the current
ratings will not apply
Section 6 – Appendices & References Page 121

Table 6.1.A Extracted from Oman Cables ( Current Rating
and Voltage Drops)

Table 6.1.B Extracted from Oman Cables

Figure 6.1B Extracted from IEEE STD 141, 1993

TABLE 6.1.C CU/MICA-XLPE /SWA/LSF Extarcted from Oman Cables
Section 6 – Appendices & References

Page 125
6.2 References
 Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation, KAHRAMAA
Regulations for the Installation of Electrical Wiring, Electrical
Equipments and Air Conditioning Equipment, February 2006
Edition
 BS 7671: 2008 – IEE Wiring Regulations (Requirements for
Electrical Installations) 17th Edition
 Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation, Electricity
Networks Affairs “KAHRAMAA Distribution Planning Manual”
 IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) International
Standards “Electrical nstallations Guide”, 200
 Oman Cables Catalogue

Chapter 7 – Affidavits
7.1 Affidavit of Sole Authorship
Section 7 – Affidavits Page 127

7.2 Affidavit of PEE 1



Chapter 8 - Curriculum Vitae
COMPREHENSIVE
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL
NAME Clemente R. Manuel

Male
SEX
AGE
43 yrs. Old
NATIONALITY
Filipino
PROFESSION Electrical Engineer
Blk 7 Lot 27 Birmingham Village, Pulo, Cabuyao

HOME ADDRESS
City, Laguna
PHONE / FAX + 974 33029358
E-MAIL clem.manuel@yahoo.com
DESIGNATION Electrical Engineer
COMPANY Shaker Consultancy Group
6F Al Mana Tower B, C- Ring Road Al- Sadd,

OFFICE ADDRESS
Doha, Qatar
PHONE / FAX +974 44664203 & +974 44550483
PROVINCE Nueva Ecija
HEIGHT 5 ‘ 2”
WEIGHT 58 kilos
SPOUSE Cresencia O. Manuel
CHILDREN Mark Clarence O. Manuel
Cristine Eunice O. Manuel
II. ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE / EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
DEGREE COMPLETED Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
WHEN March 25, 1994
Section 8 – Curriculum Vitae Page 135

Nueva Ecija University of Science and
Technology (Formerly Central Luzon
WHERE
Polytechnic College)
SPECIALIZATION Electrical Engineering
POST-GRADUATE N/A
WHEN N/A
WHERE N/A
MASTERAL DEGREE N/A
WHEN N/A
WHERE N/A
III. ENGINEERING PRACTICE
LICENSURE EXAM
DATE TAKEN
Assistant Electrical Engineer October 1994
Registered Electrical Engineer Converted on 04/04/1995
REGISTRATION NO. 00014308 DATE ISSUED 4/4/1995
IV. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
YEAR POSITION RESPONSIBILITY PROG/PROJ/EMPLOYER

Site Supervision
Musheireb Downtown
2012 to Electrical and witness
Doha/Dohaland/Shaker
Present Engineer testing &
Consultancy Group
commissioning
Site Supervision
New Doha International Airport/
2011 to Electrical (Qatar Civil
NDIA Steering Committee /
2012 Engineer defense
Shaker Consultancy Group
requirements)
Qatar Silhouette Tower/ H.E.

2011 to Electrical
Site Supervision Mohamed Al Kubaisi / Shaker
2011 Engineer
Consultancy Group
Site Supervision The Gate Development Project /

2009 to Electrical and witness Salam Buonian International /
2011 Engineer testing & Shaker Consultancy Group
commissioning

Plant Manufacturing Manufacturing Plant & Off site
Engineer/ Plant, Off- site, Building / Philippine Industrial
2000 to Engineering & Building & Sealants & Coatings
2009 Maintenance Facilities Operation Corporation- Suburbia
Supervisor & Maintenance Automotives Ventures Inc
1998 to Technical Building Operation Valencia Hills Towers/ Property

2000 Supervisor & Maintenance Specialist Team (Prospect) Inc.
1997 to Electrical Valencia Hills Towers/RES

Site Engineer
1998 Engineer Electrical Services, Inc.
Draftsman/
1995 to Draftsman & Assorted Design Projects/JS
Electrical
1997 Designer Electrical Phils., Inc.
Engineer
Professional Responsibilities Handled:
Electrical Inspector of The Gate Development Tower, Qatar Silhouette,
New Doha International Airport, and Musheireb Downtown Doha Project
Subjects of Professional Technical Papers Written:
Not Applicable
V. SIGNIFICANT ENGINEERING WORK
POSITION RESPONSIBILITY PROG/PROJ/EMPLOYER
Musheireb Downtown
Electrical
Site Supervision Doha/Dohaland/Shaker Consultancy
Engineer
Group
Site Supervision
New Doha International Airport/ NDIA
Electrical (Qatar Civil
Steering Committee / Shaker Consultancy
Engineer defense
Group
requirements)
Electrical Qatar Silhouette Tower/ H.E. Mohamed Al

Site Supervision
Engineer Kubaisi / Shaker Consultancy Group
The Gate Development Project / Salam

Electrical
Site Supervision Buonian International / Shaker
Engineer
Consultancy Group

Plant Manufacturing
Manufacturing Plant & Off site Building /
Engineer/ Plant, Off site,
Philippine Industrial Sealants & Coatings
Engineering & Building & Facilities
Corporation - Suburbia Automotives
Maintenance Operation &
Ventures Inc
Supervisor Maintenance
Technical Building Operation Valencia Hills Towers/ Property Specialist
Supervisor & Maintenance Team (Prospect) Inc.
Electrical Valencia Hills Towers/RES Electrical

Site Engineer
Engineer Services, Inc.
Draftsman /
Draftsman & Various Design Project/JS Electrical Phils.,
Electrical
Designer Inc.
Engineer
Significant Engineering Responsibilities Handled:
Site Supervision and witness testing & commissioning of The Gate
Development Project and Musheireb Downtown Doha Project, site
supervision of Qatar Silhouette Tower & New Doha International
Airport, Operation and Maintenance of Manufacturing Plant & Building
Facilities, Site Engineer, Electrical Draftsman and Design
PROJECTS: (Past and Present Engineering Projects)
RESPONSIBILITY DURATION &

NAME & LOCATION CLIENTELE
/ WORK NATURE COST
1 year & 6
Musheireb Downtown
Site months & Dohaland, Doha
Doha Project / Heart
supervision onwards , 9 Qatar
of Doha, Doha Qatar
Billion US dollar
Site
Hamad International
Supervision 1 year and 2 NDIA Steering
Airport (Formerly New
(Qatar Civil months, 5 Committee/ Hamad
Doha International
defense Billion US Dollar International Airport
Airport)/ Doha, Qatar
requirements)
H.E. Mohamed Al
Qatar Silhouette Site Kubaisi /
4 months
Tower/ Doha Qatar supervision Intercontinental
Hotel
The Gate
Site 1 year & 6 Salam Buonian
Development Project /
supervision months International
Doha Qatar
Valencia Hills Towers /
Metrobank, Makati
Quezon City, Site Engineer 10 months
City, Philippines
Philippines

Various Electrical Drafting and 1 year & 10
PDC and others
Design Projects Design months
VI. CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD)
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION NAME OF PROVIDER YEAR

Power System Analysis using
ETAP Software IIEE – SQC 2013
Green Energy Solution in
Electrical Distribution System IIEE – SQC 2010
Design
Energy Management & Epira Law

Awareness Toyota Suppliers Club 2007
Organization Management
Basic Management Program & Development Systems, 2003
Inc
Equipment Earthing (Grounding)

Design IIEE - Manila 1999
VII. SOCIAL AND CIVIC AFFILIATIONS
DESIGNATION ASSOCIATION YEAR
Regular member IIEE 2010
VIII. AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
AWARD / DESCRIPTION NAME OF GRANTOR YEAR

CREDENTIALS – SUMMARY SHEET
Name of
Professional Clemente R. Manuel
Technical
Electrical Engineer
Discipline
Birthdate November 23, 1970
Academic
Background
Name of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (Formerly
Institution Central Luzon Polytechnic College)
Supplemental
Background
Name of
Institution
WORK EXPERIENCE – SUMMARY SHEET

Engineering PRC
Qualification: Specialization: License: REE
License No.
B.S. in 0014308
Electrical Electrical Engineering Date Issued:
Engineering April 4, 1995
Clientele or Specific Engineering Program or
Beneficiaries & Project,
Age Project Responsibilities &
Classification Accountabilities
41 Dohaland / Office, Residential Site supervision and Witness
& Infrastructure testing & Commissioning
40 Hamad International Airport / Site Supervision ((Qatar Civil
Utility Plant defense requirements)
40 Intercontinental Hotel / Hotel Site Supervision
& Residential Building
38 Salam Buonian International / Site supervision and Witness
Commercial & Office Building testing & Commissioning
29 PISCC – SAVI / Manufacturing Engineering and Maintenance
Plant Supervision
27 Metrobank – Valencia Hills Engineering and Maintenance
Tower/ Commercial & Supervision
Residential High rise Building
26 Metrobank/Valencia Hills Site Engineer and Testing and
Tower/ Commercial & Commissioning Engineer
Residential High Rise Building
24 Various Electrical Design Design and drafting
Project/ Commercial,
Residential & Site
Developments Design

Chapter 9 – Most Outstanding Achievement
1. Electrical Engineer Consultant in the construction of some of

the largest project in Doha Qatar, such as Hamad
International airport and the Musheireb Downtown Doha,
Qatar. I contributed efforts and technical engineering skills in
performing my assigned task and responsibilities in reviewing
of shop drawings and as built drawings, evaluation, decision
making, approving of material or equipment proposal and
installations, testing and commissioning of extra low voltage
system, emergency power system, and power distribution
system.
2. Engineering and Maintenance
 Established and implemented Preventive Maintenance

and Corrective Maintenance program for Electrical,
Pneumatics, Hydraulics, and Electro-Mechanical
equipments including building facilities. Cascaded the
program and conducted trainings for Preventive
Maintenance and Basic trouble shooting in different
places of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
 Conceptualized, design, supervised facilities

construction, special tools fabrication, equipment setting
and standardization of production parameter settings
requirements and process flow for the first and only one
repacking facilities of industrial poly urethane sealant in
the Philippines.
3. Successfully obtained Registered Electrical Engineer license

on April 4, 1995 after successfully passed the licensure
examination in October 1994.
Section 9 – Most Outstanding Page 142

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DESIGN OF THE EMERGENCY POWER OF NATIONAL

ARCHIVE BUILDING MUSHEIREB DOWNTOWN,

Emergency power and its distribution system has a great

The scope of the report covers the emergency power distribution

This report presents the electrical design practices; summarizes the

Finally, I thank our Almighty God for the strength, knowledge,

List of Drawings Page

List of Tables and Figure Page

The National Archive Building at Musheireb Downtown Doha, Qatar

Emergency Power of the National Archive Building will be supplied

The purpose of this report is to present the recalculation of

This technical report shall involve substantial calculation such as

So carefully recommended as part of conclusion in this report were

1.1 Project Description

Perspective view of National Archive Building Musheireb Downtown

Section 1 – Introduction Page 1

The Musheireb Downtown Heart of Doha Site Development Plan

The building is subdivided into 3 areas such as area G, H1 and H2,

Section 1 – Introduction Page 2

Emergency lighting of the will be also supply by Central Battery

1.2 Project Objectives

The main objectives of this technical engineering report are the

Section 1 – Introduction Page 3

The scope of this report covers the Phase 1A National Archive

These essential loads will have a dedicated 11 kV/433 V Kahramaa

The following important components of the Emergency Power

Section 1 – Introduction Page 4

2.1 Basic Design Codes

2.2 International Codes and Standards

2.3 System Frequency, Voltage, and Voltage Drops

Section 2 – Design Criteria Page 5

N. Cable Voltage Drop

Section 2 – Design Criteria Page 6

Voltage Drop Diagram (Kahramaa Power Supply)

Voltage Drop Diagram (Generator Power Supply)

Section 2 – Design Criteria Page 7

3.1. Emergency Loads Calculations:

In this section, all necessary electrical calculations will be presented

3.1.1 Basis of Calculation

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 8

C. As per the conservative rule of thumb, oversize the Generator

STEP 3 WHEN NORMAL POWER IS

For the selection of feeder cable ampacity, an assessment of

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 9

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations

Sample of Three Phase Distribution Panel Computation:

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 11

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations

The Essential Distribution Schematic Diagram and the Riser

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 13

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 17

Referring to Generator 1 Essential MV Distribution Schematic and

Drawing No. E-G1-3.1.1 EMDB-1[ATS -1] Distribution

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 18

CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

Summary of loads for SMDB-B2-E3 (FED FROM EMDB-1)

CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 19

CKT TCL MDL IFL IDL

Above loads consist of MCC, SMDB panels, distribution boards,

Section 3 – Electrical Calculations Page 20