Nov-15

A Guide to Designing Reinforced Concrete

Water Tanks

Dr. Alaa Helba

Lecture 5

 Analysis of Circular R.C. slabs (Roofs – Floors)

 Design of simply supported circular roof slabs
 Arrangement of st. rft. in circular s.s. slab
 Illustrative Example

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s.s. slab R R

Fixed slab

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Moments and St. Rft. in Circular R.C Plates

Moments: r
Asr
M max
Y
Mr radial moment t
R x
Mt tangential
Steel required: Asmax
Ast
As max , Asr radial steel
and Ast tangential R = radius

Analysis of circular
Simply Supported Slab
• in a circular plate Radial Moments
(Mr) and Tangential Moments (Mt)
could be calculated from the following
equations:
Mredge=0 B.Mr .D
wR 2
at center: Mr max = M+vemax 16 (3   )

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Analysis of circular
Simply Supported Slab

• Tangential Moments (Mt)

B.Mt.D
At edge: 2
wR
Mt edge  (2  2 )
16 wR 2
at center: Mt max = M+vemax 16 (3   )

Moments at any point in S. S. circular Slab

wR 2
Mr  [(3   )(1   2 )]
16
wR 2
Mt  [(3   )  (1  3 )  2 ]
16
 = Poisson's ratio
r
and  = ( = 0 at center ,  = 1 at edge)
R

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• For concrete assume n = 0.2 then :

wR 2
Mr  (1   2 )
5
and
wR 2 2
Mt  (1  )
5 2

Table XII
coeffs. for Moment in Circular Slab / No Center
Support / Uniform Load / Fixed Edge

Fixed Fixed
+ vetension downside
- ve tension upperside
R
R
R
R
R

R
R
R
R
R
R
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

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Asr radial steel to resist Mr

Ast tangential steel to resist Mt
R Mr Mr
Ast r
Asr

Asr Ast
PLAN SEC. ELEV.

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Calculation and arrangement

of Asr in circular S.S. slab
The radial steel is distributed on the
perimeter which varies along the
slab radius , the radial steel should
be calculated by its total amount.
Calculate the radius (r) at which Asr (total) is
maximum dM r total
by putting 0
dr

(r) for Maximum Asr (total)

2 
   
2
wR 2 2 wR r
M r total  (1   )(2 r ) 
2
 r  r   
5 5  R  
2w 2

5
( R r r3 
2w
dM r total
dr

5
( 
R 2  3r 2  0

R 1
r    0.577
3 3

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Maximum Mr total
For simply supported circular slab the
total radial steel (the maximum area) is
only calculated at  = 1/√3 = 0.58
r 1
at   
R 3
wR 2 wR 2 2
M r total  (1   )(2 r ) 
2
( )(2 r )
5 5 3
4 rwR 2 4wR 3 wD 3
  
15 15 3 16.5

Example: Design of Roof Slab

Data: Dtank(inner)=7.5 m , H=5 m, fcu=25 N/mm2 ,mild steel
Loads on roof slab:
Assume troof = D / 50 = 7500 / 50 = 150 mm
own wt. of slab = 0.15 X 25 = 3.75 kN/m2
covering = 1 kN/m2 (may be ass. 0.75 to 1 kN/m2)
L.L = 1 kN/m2 (inaccessible roof)
w roof = 5.75 kN/m2
wu = 1.5 w = 1.5 X 5.75 = 8.625 kN/m2
assume twall (for practical purposes) = H/20 = 5/20 = 0.25 m
radius of roof slab Rroof = 7.5/2 + 0.25 = 4 m

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Moments in Cicular Roof Slab

• Maximum Moments:
at middle of slab
• Radial Moment Mr :
Mr max +ve = wuR2/5 = 8.63 X 42 / 5 = 27.6 kN.m
• Tangential Moment Mt :
Mt max +ve = Mr max +ve = 27.6 kN.m
Mu 27.6 106
d min    88 mm
f cu 25
Rmax b (0.214) (1000)
c 1 .5

Steel Rft. in circular roof slab

Asr

As max
Asr radial steel As max
Ast
Ast tangential st.
Asmax square mesh at center in 0.25Dx0.25D

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Calculation of st. rft. in circular roof slab

1- calculate As mesh at center
As max(at middle)=Mumax/ [bcrd(1-a/2)fy/s]
= 27.6 X 106 / [ 0.9 X 110 X (1 - 0.23/2)(240/1.15)]
= 1511.4 mm2
chosen 8 f 16 / m' as a square mesh
in middle area of 2m X 2m
(area of 0.5 R X 0.5 R)
mesh 16 f 16 in 2m

(Check As min= 0.25 % Ac = 2.5 t = 2.5 x 150 = 375 mm2)

2- calculate and arrange the radial steel Asr

- Calculate Maximum Total Radial Steel Asr tot max
wD 3
M r total MAX .
16.5
Mur total max. = 8.625 X 83 / 16.5 = 267.7 kN.m
M ru  R 
A sr total  , N .B .:to get a use b  2  
 f y  a   3
bcr   1   d
 s  2
267.7 106
 12607 mm 2
 240  0.142 
bcr  1  110
 1.15  2 

Trial 1 : chosen 112 f 12 (with bcr =1)

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Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr

At circle ❷ 112 f 12 (Asr tot at r2 =
0.58 x 4 = 2.32 m) are distributed ❸
along a perimeter = 2 r2 = 14.6m
at spacing s2 = 14600/112 = 130
mm < 200 mm ❷

At the support (outer edge of roof ❶

slab) R = 4m, and perimeter = 2 R
= 25.13 m. ❹
Spacing of 112 bars at the edge circle
❸s3 = 25130/112 = 224.4 mm >
200 mm, in this case the solution is
to increase the required number of
bars so as to keep sedge to 200 mm,
so,
nreq = 25130/200 = 125.7
use 126 bars spaced with:
sat (r=0. 58R) =2 (0.58R)/126=
14577/126 = 115.7 mm. Trial 2: chosen 126 f 12

Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr

In order to cut off half the number of radial bars (63 out of 126) try the
following:
1- calculate the perimeter required to limit spacing of bars to 80 mm, = 126
x 80/1000 = 10.08 m at r = 10.08/2 = 1.6 m (at circle ❹ you can use
126/2 = 63 bars at  = 0.4)
Then As 4 total available = 63 x 113 = 7119 mm2
Check with Asr required at circle ❹ as follows:
- Calculate Mr4 at r4 = 1.6 m,  = 0.4
Mr4 = wR2(1-2)/5 = 8.63(4)2[1-(.4)2]/5
= 23.2 kN.m
Mr4 total = (2 r4) x 23.2 = 233.2 kN.m

M ru 4 233.2 106
Then As 4 total required    10807 mm 2
 f y  a   240  0.12 
bcr  1   d bcr  1  110
 s  2   1.15  2 
This trial cannot be done as As 4 total required >> As 4 total available .. Cancel it ..

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Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr

2- calculate and check Asr required at mesh outer perimeter
(at circle ❶ , r1 = R/4 = 1 m,  = 0.25 and perimeter = 6.28
m):
- calculate Mr1 at r1 = 1.0 m ,  = 0.25:
Mr1 = wR2(1-2)/5 = 8.63(4)2[1-(.25)2]/5
= 25.9 kN.m
Mr1 total = (2 r1) x 25.9
= 162.7 kN.m
M 162.7 106
Then As 1 total required   f  ru 1 a    240  0.12   7540 mm 2
bcr  y
  1
 d bcr   1  110
 s  2   1.15  2 
Then Asr1 total required (7540 mm2) > As cut off avilable (7119 mm2)
It needs 67 f 12 at s1 = 6280/67= 94 mm > 80 mm o.K
That means using 67 x 2 = 134 bars
Ld = 40 f = 40 x 12 = 480 mm
use extension 0.5 m for overlap.
Finally: chosen 134 f 12

Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr

Finally: ❸
Then Asr total required =
134 f 12 to be arranged as follows:
67 f 12 with length L1 and another 67 f 12 ❷
with length L2 :

L1 = R – r1 – cover + val part + 2 hook ❶

= 4 – 1 - .030 + (0.15 -2 x .03) + 2 X 6f
= 3.204 m
L1 = 3.25 m

L2 = R – r1 – cover + ld + 2 hook
= 4 – 1 - .030 + 0.5 + 2 x 6 x 0.012
= 3.614 m
L2 = 3.75 m

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3- calculate and arrange the tangential steel Ast

- Calculate Maximum tangential Steel Ast max/m’
(at r = R/4 , r = 0.25)
Mtu1 = wuR2(1-12/2)/5
=8.625 X 42 (1 – 0.252/2)/ 5 = 26.74 kN.m
M tu 1 27.7 106
A st 1  
 f y  a   240   0.12 
bcr   1   d bcr   1  110
 s  2  1.15   2 
= 1377 mm2 (bcr = 0.9)
chosen 7 f 16 / m’
And use 6 f 16 / m’ at Mt = 1206 x 0.9 x (240/1.15) x 0.95 x110
= 23.67 kN.m (corresponding to 2 = 2(1-5M/wR2) = 0.29 ,  = 0.535)
at r5 = .535 x 4 = 2.14 m and so on .) starting from r = 2.2 m .

0.25 m

150
mm
3.75 m

3.75 m

PLAN
0.25 m Roof Slab rft.

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C.L.

0.15 m

square mesh 16 f 16 in 2m

5.0 m
SEC. ELEV.
Roof Slab rft.

Alternative choice and

Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr
(Note: if f 16 mm is chosen bcr = 0.9 and As = 13954 mm2 )

Trial 1 : chosen 70 f 16 (with bcr = 0.9)

At circle ❷ 70 f 16 (Asr tot at r2 = 0.58 x 4 = 2.32 m) are distributed along a
perimeter = 2 r2 = 14.6m at spacing s2 = 14600/70 = 209 mm > 200 mm
then the number of f 16 mm bars should be increased from 70 to
14600/200 = 73 bars to keep spacing of bars =< 200 mm)

Check At the support (outer edge of roof slab) R = 4m, and perimeter =
2R = 25.13 m.
Spacing of 73 bars at the edge sedge = 25130/73 = 344 mm >> 200 mm, in
this case the solution is to use 73 f 12 amid the other number of bars
so as to get sedge = 25130/146 = 172 mm < 200 mm, so, these
additional 73 f 12 are ended at s = 200mm at r = r2 = 2.32 m
L = R – r2 = 4 – 2.32 = 1.68 m use L = 1.75

Trial 2 : chosen 73 f 16 & add 73 f 12

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Alternative choice and

Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr
Finally:
Then Asr total required = ❸
73 f 16 with length L1 and 73 f 12 with length L2 :

L1 = R – r1 – cover + ld + 2 hook ❷
= 4 – 1 - .030 + 0.5 + 2 X 6f
= 3.614 m
L1 = 3.75 m ❶

L2 = R – r2 – cover + val part + 2 hook

= 4 – 2.32 - .030 + (0.15 -2 x .03) + 2 x 6 x 0.012
= 1.884 m
L2 = 2 m

r2 = 2.3 m

0.25 m

150
mm
3.75 m

3.75 m
PLAN
0.25 m
Roof Slab rft.
Alternative choice and Arrangement of Radial Steel Asr

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n = number of Columns
Case 1 = 4 or 6 or 8

t D 0.71 D

Plan (Sec. under floor level)

An elevated Tank (Floor rests directly on 4 Columns)

Case 1
H D
Hw
(+…. m)

SEC. PLAN
V (Tank Capacity) SEC. ELEV.
= (πD2/4)x Hw

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t D
Sec. Elev.

H
Water Pressure

Dead Load (D.L.)

Loads on
Wall and Floor of an elevated Tank
(Floor rests directly on columns)

1- An elevated Tank rests directly on Columns

Floor structural system

MFinal at connection >> MF wall

Calculate MFinal at connection by
Moment Distribution

MFinal

Final B.M.D. on Walls and Floor

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Case 1 Options of wall thickness t

t1 t1 = twall at top

t2 = twall at base t
tfloor t2 tfloor
2Haunches
in wall & Haunch t1/t2 Tapered t1/t2 Uniform t
floor
Sec. ELEV.
An elevated Tank (Floor rests directly on Columns)

Case 2
Main Beam
0.15 D

D t Paneled Beams 0.71 D

Main Beam
Wall act as a Deep Beam
between columns
Plan (Sec. under floor level)
An elevated Tank (Floor rests on Beams on Columns)

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2-An elevated Tank rests on Beams on Columns

Wall acts as Deep Beam

Final B.M.D. on Walls and Floor
Floor is divided to slabs with Mx & My
Floor structural system

C.L M2
M1
M1 & M 2
From MFwall
3-mom. Eq.

MFinal at connection = MF wall

Db diameter of C.L.
Case 3 of Circular beam

t Db D 0.71 Db

b=bbeam
Plan (Sec. under floor level)
An elevated Tank rests on Circular Beam on Columns

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Case 4 Dsh diameter of C.L.

of Circular shaft

t Dsh D

tsh=thickness
of shaft wall
Plan (Sec. under floor level)
An elevated Tank rests on Circular Shaft

3- Elevated Tank rests on Circular Beam on Columns

4- Elevated Tank rests on Circular Shaft
Floor is circular slab with Mr & Mt
(Use superposition)
Floor structural system

Mr1 = C.L
MF wall + Final B.M.D. Mr1
on Wall and
M due to P wall Floor
+ M due to MFwall
floor cant. part

Mr2 = Mt2
MFinal at connection = MF wall

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Study of Case 1
An elevated Tank
Floor rests directly on Columns
Final B.M.D. on Wall and Floor

Tension and Shear

in Wall and Floor

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Tension and Shear

in Wall and Floor

Final Results of
B.M & N.F

1
Tring acts horizontally
in Wall
2

3 4 Mt
Mr

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Distribution of Mr & Mt in Floor slab

(Values from table XII)
-0.15

-0.1

-0.05
Mr
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Mt
0

0.05

0.1

Ring Tension in wall

for Different Base Conditions

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Case 1 An elevated Tank

(Floor rests directly on Columns)

Open Tank B.M.D

1 1
3
2 2
4 3 4
Sections 1 & 4 Tension due to B.M is on
Air-Side (design as Cracked sec.)
Sections 2 & 3 Tension due to B.M is on
Water-Side (design as uncracked sec.)

General Procedure for Design( 7 steps)

• Assign the overall Dimensions for tank (D & H)
• Consider the Connection (distribute DM– get Mf)
• Define sections for design & design values (M,Q,N)
• Calculate t for different sections
& Choose proper thicknesses.
• Calculate As required for different sections.
• Arrange steel at sections and connections.
• Draw steel arrangements in plan and elevation

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