INTRODUCTION

Mann ki Baat is an Indian radio programme hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in
which he addresses the people of the nation on All India Radio, DD National and DD News.

This webpage provides a compilation of Sanskrit Translation of the Hindi Mann ki baat radio
broadcast. Its translations in to other Indian languages are available.

The Sanskrit translation (PDF/DOCX) and audio renderings (MP3) are prepared by Shri
Baldevanand Sagar, a Sanskrit scholar and the well-known Sanskrit News reader at All India
radio (AIR) and Doordarshan TV in India for decades.

The audio clips of these translations are also available at following sites: archive.org, in
Podcast format at Google Play, Apple Itunes, and TuneIn

Shri Arun Jaitley, Union Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, today released a book
titled ‗Mann Ki Baat – A Social Revolution on Radio‘ in a function organized in National
Media Centre, New Delhi. The book is based on 50 episodes of Prime Minister Shri Narendra
Modi‘s heart to heart talk with the citizens of India broadcast on All India Radio.

The book sheds light on various aspects of Prime Minister‘s outreach, the remarkable
response it continuously received from the people, the mass movement it has inspired and the
profound impact it ingrained in the minds and hearts of the youth of India. The book also
gives insight into behind the scene research work done on the massive public feedback
received through various channels after every episode of Mann Ki Baat, which had aired first
on 3rd October, 2014.

The book also gives a rare and exclusive opportunity to readers to discover several unknown
facets of Prime Minister‘s thinking and beliefs related to ‗Mann Ki Baat‘, revealed by him to
the authors of the book. The insights that emerge from the transcripts of the radio address are
the most important contribution of this book.

Interesting anecdotes shared by the members of the Prime Minister‘s core team and people
from All India Radio and MyGov shed light over the minute but interesting details of how the
idea of the radio programme came up, how the name and frequency were decided and how
the format was chalked out, among other things.

The book has been collated by BlueKraft Digital Foundation, a not for profit organization,
and brought out by Rupa Publication, India, a reputed publishing house.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri Arun Jaitley said that Mann Ki Baat program has a strong
power of recall which leaves deep footprints in the minds of listeners of the program. He
highlighted the power of radio, recalling its impact as a source of both news and
entertainment, its huge geographical reach and as a mode of learning language. He added that
radio was used extensively by Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom movement to reach out to
people directly.

Shri Jaitley said that Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi started using the medium of radio
for governmental communication in order to establish direct communication with people by
identifying its wide reach. He added that the program is a gre

at example of crisp communication, stating that time for long winded statements is over.

Shri Shashi Shekhar Vempati, CEO, Prasar Bharati said that telecast of Mann ki Baat on
television is an innovation which has helped a radio program acquire life on television. He
added that the program is also shown on social media and digital media platforms, which has
created digital footprint and generated digital consciousness for radio. He hailed the program
as a contributor to renaissance for radio.
Shri Amit Khare, Secretary, Ministry of I&B; Shri Rajiv Singh, Member Finance, Prasar
Bharati; Ms. Manika Batra, eminent sportsperson; Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Vice Chairman, NITI
Aayog; Shri F. Sheheryar, DG, AIR and several other senior dignitaries of All India Radio
and Ministry of Information & Broadcasting were also present on the occasion.

Dr. A. Surya Prakash, Chairman, Prasar Bharati said that the program is a unique example of
two-way communication wherein lakhs of citizens give their suggestions, which are
mentioned by the Prime Minister in the program. He added that Mann Ki Baat program has
been a critical instrument towards fulfilment of Dr. Ambedkar‘s dream of social
transformation.

To enhance media pluralism and diversity, there must be a platform for Indiaian audiences to
participate in national dialogue, but also to enable them make sense of events around them
through indigenized programmes like Hindi news so they can make informed decisions and
choices. This is more the case considering that India has a high illiteracy rate – meaning an
even higher rate of the use of local language in social transactions.

Of the six main Indiaian languages: Hindi, Ewe, Ga, Nzema, Dagbani and Hausa, first used
on radio, Hindi language seems to be the most predominantly used in local radio across the
country today.

Hello my dear countrymen Today, the mind is full of 'starting of the mind'. 10 days ago,
India-Mata lost her brave sons. These mighty heroes, we have destroyed ourselves in the
defense of 100 million Indians. Deshasis can sleep in peace, therefore, these our brave sons
had kept the night and day together. In the terrorist attack of Pulwama, after the martyrdom of
the brave soldiers, there is a shock and resentment in the minds of people, and people
throughout the country. Concerns have been raised around the martyrs and their families. In
the opposition of this terrorist violence, the impulse that is in you and in my mind, is in the
heart of every countryman and in the humanistic communities of the world who believe in
humanity. I salute all the heroic sages of the country, in the defense of India-Mata, shouting
their lives. This martyrdom will continue to inspire us to destroy the horror, strengthen our
resolve. Faced with this challenge facing the country,

we all have to forget casteism, communalism, regionalism and all other differences so that
our steps against terror should be stronger, stronger and decisive than before. Our armed
forces have always come up with the unique courage and bravery. For the establishment of
peace, where he has shown amazing ability, he has also acted in the language of the attackers.
You must have seen how the steps have been taken within 100 hours of the attack. The army
has taken the resolution of the destruction of terrorists and their helpers. After the martyrdom
of heroic soldiers, the inspirational things of his family that have come out through the media
have given more emphasis to the whole country. Raminiranjan ji, father of Shaheed Ratan
Thakur of Bhagalpur in Bihar, has shown the vigor in this hour of grief, he inspires us all. He
said that he will send his second son to fight against the enemies and if necessary he himself
will also fight. The whole country is welcoming the unarmed courage of Meena Ji, wife of
Prasanna Sahu, the martyr of Jagatsingh Pur of Odisha. He has taken the decision to join his
only son as a CRPF. When the dead body of Vijay Sheareen, wrapped in a tricolor, reached
Gumtala in Jharkhand, the innocent son said that I would also go to the army. This innocent
person expresses the feelings of children and children of India today. Such feelings, our
heroes, mighty martyrs are getting to see in the house. One of our brave martyrs is no
exception, their family is not an exception. Whether he is the family of Shaheed Vijay
Maurya of Devaria, be the mother of Shahid Tilakraj of Kangra or the son of Shahada Hemraj
of Kota - the story of every family of martyrs is filled with inspiration. I will request the
younger generation that they have shown the jealousy which these families have shown, try
to understand the feeling which has been shown. What is patriotism, what is renunciation and
penance - for that we will not need to go to the ancient events of history. In front of our eyes,
it is a living example and this is the reason for the inspiration for the bright future of India.

My dear countrymen, for so long a period of independence, we all were waiting for the war
memorial, now it is going to end. The curiosity of the countrymen, curiosity is very natural
about it. Udupi on NarendraModiApp, Shri Omkar Shetty of Karnataka has expressed his
happiness when the National War Memorial is ready. I was surprised and even suffering that
there was no National War Memorial in India. One such memorial, where the valorous heroes
of the brave soldiers who chanted their lives to protect the nation can be preserved. I decided
that there should be such a monument in the country.

We decided to build the National War Memorial and I am happy that this monument has been
prepared in such a short time. Yesterday, i.e. on 25th February, we will deliver this national
military memorial to millions of nationals, to our army. The country will do a small effort to
repay its debt.

The heart of Delhi, ie the place where India Gate and Amar Jawan Jyoti are present, just near
its close, this new monument has been made. I believe that going to the National Sainik
Memorial for the countrymen will be like going to a pilgrimage place. National Sainik
Monument is a symbol of gratitude to the nation for the highest sacrifices after independence.
Design of the monument, of our immortal soldiers
BROADCAST

The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, is usually expected to address the nation every month on
All India Radio. Having officially started on and from 3 October 2014, the programme aims
to deliver the Prime Minister's voice to the general masses of India. Since television
connection is still not available everywhere in India, especially in the isolated, rural and less
developed regions, radio was chosen to be the medium for the programme, owing to its wider
reach. An estimated 90% of the total Indian population is reachable over the medium
Additionally, various private FM radio stations in the metropolitan cities of India are allowed
to broadcast a recording of the show.

Doordarshan's Direct to Home (DTH) service Freedish relays feeds of the 20-minute-long
episodes, to television and radio channels.

The first Mann Ki Baat programme was broadcast on the occasion of Vijayadashami on 3
October 2014 followed by the second broadcast on 2 November 2014.

The former President of the United States was a part of the January edition of 'Mann Ki Baat',
which was aired on 27 January 2015. Obama had arrived in India to be a part of the Republic
Day Parade.

The 50th episode of the program was broadcast on All India Radio on 25 November 2018.
Unmindful display of courage. The concept of National Sainik Monument is centered on Four
Concentric Circles i.e. a journey from a soldier's birth to martyrdom. The flame of the Amar
Chakra, symbolizes the immortality of the martyred soldier. The second circle is of the
Valiantta Chakra, which displays the courage and bravery of the soldiers. This is a gallery
where the adventures of soldiers bravery on the walls have been engraved. After this, the
Chakra Chakra, this circle displays the sacrifice of soldiers. The names of the soldiers who
gave supreme sacrifice for the country are written in the golden letters. After this the
protective cycle displays security. This circle has a line of thick trees. These trees are
symbols of soldiers and giving message to the citizens of the country, that every pacer is
stationed on the border and the country is safe. In total, the national military memorial will be
identified as a place where people will come to know about the great martyrs of the country,
to express their gratitude, to research them. Here is the story of the sacrifices that have given
their lives for the country so that we can survive so that the country can be safe and develop.
It is not possible to express the great contribution of our armed forces, police and paramilitary
forces in the development of the country. In October last year, I had the privilege of
dedicating the National Police Memorial to the country. That was also the reflection of our
idea under which we believe that the country should be grateful to the men and women
policemen, who are constantly engaged in our security. I hope that you will go to see the
National Army Memorial and the National Police Memorial. Be sure to share your photos
taken on social media wherever you go, so that others get inspiration from it and they are
eager to see this holy place, this memorial.

My dear countrymen, thousands of letters and comments for 'talk of the mind', I get to read
through different mediums. This time, when I was reading your comment, a very interesting
comment of 'Aatish Mukhopadhyay ji' came to my attention. He has written that on March 3,
1900, when the British had arrested Birsa Munda, his age was only 25 years. It is a
coincidence that on 3 March there is also Jaisetji Tata's birth anniversary. And he writes
further, these two personalities are completely from two different family backgrounds which
enrich the heritage and history of Jharkhand. In 'Mann Ki Baat', one type of tribute to 'Birsa
Munda' and 'Jamshedji Tata' is like dancing the glorious history and heritage of Jharkhand. I
agree with you. These two great figures have extended the name of the whole country to
Jharkhand. The whole country is grateful for their contribution. Today, if our young people
need some inspirational personality for guidance then it is God 'Birsa Munda'. The British
had secretly caught them secretly while they were sleeping. Do you know why they resorted
to such cowardly action? Because the Englishmen who created such a big empire also feared
them. God Birsa Munda had shaken the English rule armed with guns and guns only with its
traditional arrows. Actually, when people get an inspirational leadership, then the collective
willpower of the people on the power of the weapon is very heavy. Lord Birsa Munda fought
not only for the British but also for the social and economic rights of tribals. They did all this
in their small life. The sun shines in the dark life of the deprived and exploited. Lord Birsa
Munda gave his sacrifice only at a very young age of 25 years. India like Birsa Munda is the
mother of the mother, in every part of the country. Perhaps in any corner of India it would be
that in this war of independence that has existed for centuries, no one has contributed. But
unfortunately, the stories of sacrifice, bravery and sacrifice have not reached the new
generation. If God, like 'Birsa Munda' gave us an understanding of our existence, then a
person like Jamshedji Tata gave the country big institutions. Jamsetji Tata was truly a
visionary, who not only saw the future of India but also laid its strong foundation. They knew
well that making India a hub of science, technology and industry is essential for the future.
This was his vision, which resulted in the establishment of Tata Institute of Science which is
now called Indian Institute of Science. Not only this, he also established several world-class
institutions and industries like Tata Steel. "Jamshedji Tata" and "Swami Vivekanand ji" met
in the ship during the American trip, then an important topic in the discussion of both of them
And was associated with the promotion of technology. Says ... From the same discussion the
foundation of Indian Institute of Science was established.
A few days ago, a very big event of 'Exam Pe Chab' in Delhi was done in the format of Town
Hall. In this Town Hall program, I had the opportunity to talk with technology, along with
crores of students from India and abroad, with their parents, through technology. One of the
specialty of 'Examination Discussion' was that there were open discussions on various topics
related to the examination. There are many such aspects which can definitely be beneficial
for the students. All students, their teachers, parents can watch the recording of this program
on YouTube, so wish all my test warriors for the upcoming exam.

My dear countrymen, talk about India and do not talk about festivals. This can not happen.
There is hardly any day in our country that does not have any significance, which has no
festival. Because we have this legacy of thousands of years old culture. A few days later, the
festival of Mahashivaratri is going to come and this time Shivratri is on Monday, and when
Shivaratri is on Monday, its special significance comes into our mind-temple. I wish all of
you very well on this holy festival of Shivratri.

My dear countrymen, I went to Kashi a few days ago. There I got a chance to spend time with
the brothers and sisters. Many topics were discussed from him and his confidence was really
impressive - was inspiring. During the conversation I was talking to one of them,
Pragyakshshu Naujawan, then he said that I am a stage artist. I mimicry in entertainment
programs, so I asked you whom do you mimicry? So he told me to mimicry the Prime
Minister. So I told them to show them, and to have a pleasant surprise for me, they mimicry
the way I talk about the way I talk, and mimicry of 'talk of the mind'. I was very happy to
hear that people not only listen to "mind" but also remember it on many occasions. I was
really impressed with the power of that Divya Yugaon.

My dear countrymen, joining you all through the 'talk of the mind' program has been a
wonderful experience for me. Through radio I am roaming every year with millions of
families. Many times when you talk to all, reading your chit or listening to the thoughts sent
on your phone, I feel that you have considered me as part of your family. This has been a
very pleasant experience for me.

Friends, elections are the biggest celebration of democracy. In the next two months, we will
be busy in the gamma and gahabi of all the elections. I myself will also be a candidate for this
election. Respecting the healthy democratic tradition, the next 'mind' will be on the last
Sunday of the month. That is, after the election of the month of March, April and the whole
month of May, all our emotions, with the strength of your blessing, after the election, once
again, with the power of our blessings, once again 'talk about the mind' our conversation I
will start the series of 'I will talk to you' for years. Then once again thank you very much
from everyone's heart.

'mind matter'

Hello my dear countrymen October 3, 2014 We all started a journey together, through the
'Vision of the mind', the holy festival of Vijaya Dashami. 'Mana ki baat' This trip has 50
episodes complete today. This is the Golden Jubilee Episode Golden episode this way today.
The letters and phones that you have come this time are mostly in the context of this 50
episodes. Anshu Kumar, Amar Kumar of Delhi and Vikas Yadav from Patna on MyGov;
Similarly, Monica Jain of Delhi on NarendraModiApp, Prasenjit Sarkar of Vardhman West
Bengal and Sangeeta Shastri of Nagpur have all asked almost the same kind of question, they
say that people often ask you about latest technology, social media and mobile apps. Connect
with, but why did you choose the radio to connect with people? Your curiosity is so natural
that in the present age, when the radio was forgotten, why did Modi come with the radio! I
want to tell you an anecdote. It was 1998, I used to work in Himachal as a worker of Bhartiya
Janta Party organization. It was the month of May and I was going to some other place while
traveling in the evening. In the hills of Himachal, it gets cold in the evening, then on the way
a hive stopped for tea and when I ordered for tea, before that it was a very small dhaba, the
same person used to make tea, sells it Was. There was no cloth on the same side of the road
like a small satella on the road. So he had a glass vessel, took out laddus from it, first said
saheb tea and then eat laddus. Sweeten the mouth I was also surprised when I asked what is
the matter, there is no marriage in the house; He said no-no brother-in-law, you do not know
what? It is a matter of great happiness that he was jumping like this, it was so full of
excitement, so I said what happened! He said, today India has bombed. I said India has
bombed. I do not understand anything! Then he said - Look, listen to the radio. The same was
being discussed on the radio. Then he said that at that time our Prime Minister Atal Bihari
Vajpayee - that day was a nuclear test and had been announced in front of the media and it
had heard this announcement on the radio and was dancing and I was amazed that the
deserted terrain of the forest In the midst of the snowy hills, a common man who is doing his
job by taking a cup of tea and listening to the radio throughout the day, and the news of that
radio has so much effect on his mind It was such an effect and since then there was a thing in
my mind that the radio was connected to the masses and there is a great power of radio. The
reach of communication and its depth probably no one can match the radio. I have been in my
mind since that time and I used to think about his power. So when I became the Prime
Minister, it was very natural to get my attention towards the most powerful medium. And
when I took charge as a 'chief servant' in May 2014, I had the desire that the unity of the
country, our grand history, its valor, the diversity of India, our cultural diversity, the rage of
our society Suitable goodness, man's happiness, happiness, renunciation, asceticism, all these
things, this story of India should reach the masses. From the far-distant villages of the
country to the Metro cities, from farmers to young professionals and from that only the
journey of 'mind-talk' started. Every month, millions of people read the letters, listening to the
phone calls, commenting on the App and MyGov and throwing them all together in a
formula, talking a little bit of a 50 episode journey, we have all done this trip together. |
Recently, All India Radio also surveyed 'Mann Ki Baat'. I saw some of these feedback which
is very interesting. On average, 70% of those who have been surveyed are regularly listening
to "minds". Most people think that the biggest contribution of 'mind's talk' is that it has
increased the sentiment of positivity in society. Massive mass movements have been
encouraged through 'talk of the mind'. There has been extensive discussion on #indiapositive.
This is a glimpse of the feeling of positivity in the mind of our countrymen, the feeling of
positiveity. People have also shared this experience that 'the thing of the mind' has increased
the sense of volunteerism that is voluntary. A change has come in which people of the society
are coming forward and coming forward. I was happy to see that the radio is becoming more
popular due to 'talk of the mind', but it is not only the radio through which people are joining
the program. People TV, F.M. Radio, Mobile, Internet, Facebook Live, and Periscope, as well
as through NarendraModiApp, are also ensuring their participation in 'Mann Ki Baat'. I
sincerely thank all the members of your family for believing this and becoming part of it.
HERE ARE THE TOP 10 FACTS ABOUT "MANN KI BAAT"

The show was aired on the occasion of Vijayadashmi on October 3, 2014

The Prime Minister promised the general masses to hold regular radio chats with the general
masses all over India twice a month on Sunday at 11 am

The first show was a great success and around 66.7 per cent of the people listened to it and
found it useful

In the first show Narendra Modi asked the listeners to walk on the path of Mahatama Gandhi
and start wearing Khadi. He also touched the topics of Swachch Bharat Abhiyan, India's
progressive Mars Mission, skill development and his website

Feeds of the 20-minutes long episode is broadcasted on the television and private radio by the
Doordarshan's Direct to Home (DTH) service Freedish.

The second programme was aired on November 2, 2014 which discussed several government
initiatives and the success of Swachch Bharat Abhiyan

On January 27, 2015, a day after the Republic Day, US President Barack Obama co-hosted
the show. The US President shared his country's policies that had been implemented and their
impacts

All India Radio extracted larger revenues from Mann Ki Baat. A 10-second ad slot for the
show on AIR cost about 2 lakh rupees while the usual ad slots sold for INR 500-1500 per 10
seconds

The cost spent on the newspaper advertisement of this new campaign was 1-1.5 crore Rupees,
incurred by the BJP-led government

The show received behemoth of feedback and suggestions on the website mygov.in which
were appreciated by the Prime Minister and shared by him
EPISODES

2014

3 October

Modi urged the listeners to purchase Khadi clothes to contribute to the prosperity of the poor.
He also discussed the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the success of India's Mars Mission, skill
development, Disabled children and MyGov.in website.

2 November

Modi discussed several Government initiatives, including a scholarship for disabled children
and grants to educational institutions for developing infrastructure for such children. He also
discussed the positive effects of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on health. He paid tributes to Indian
soldiers, whom he had visited during Diwali in Siachen area.

14 December

Modi discussed drug abuse, and appealed the youth to say no to drugs. He also said that the
money spent on drugs might be used for funding terrorism. He stated that a toll-free helpline
would be set up to help drug addicts and their families.

2015

27 January

The US President Barack Obama co-hosted the show with Modi. Both answered a series of
questions from Indian citizens. Obama also discussed the impact of some of the policies he
had implemented in the US.

22 February

Modi addressed students, asking them to avoid exam stress and compete with themselves, not
others
22 March

Modi discussed issues of concern to farmers, like soil health, right value for yield and land
acquisition. He clarified many misunderstandings about the recent Land Act. Additionally, he
addressed several concerns and questions voiced to him by the farmers of India.

26 April

PM Modi promised that his government will find a solution to the ‗One rank One Pension‘
issue soon. He spoke in length about the new initiatives taken up by his government to fight
poverty in the country. The prime minister also congratulated students on their success in
board exams and urged them to choose a career that would help India.

31 May

28 June

Selfie With Daughter

26 July

30 August

20 September

Initiative of Incredible India

25 October

PM spoke about no interview in non-gazette government jobs for Group B, C and D posts
and gold monetisation.

29 November

27 December

2016

31 January

28 February

27 March
24 April

22 May

26 June

31 July

Modi says "Future will be technology driven, embrace it." He also said that the key to future
is technology and to lead, one must innovate and participate in the nation building process.

28 August

Sports - Tribute to Dhyanchand. Rio olympics - praised Sindhu, Deepa and encouragement to
women in sports.

25 September

URI Attack -tribute to 18 martyred soldiers. Will revenge the culprits.

30 October

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addresses the nation through his Radio Address, Mann
Ki Baat. This month's episode sees citizens from various corners of the nation addressing
their questions and suggestions to PM Modi

27 November

Prime Minister Modi talks about India's commitment towards demonetisation. Also he shared
some cases, wherein people adopted creative techniques to tackle the discomfort of
demonetisation. PM assured that these inconveniences are temporary and things will get back
to normal soon. PM Modi announced that we should move to LESS-CASH society and
suggested people to adopt e-banking and mobile banking techniques for its achievement. He
requested students and youth, which make up to 65% of total population of India, to educate
the illiterate and poor people of India about the advantages of the same.
25 December

2017

29 January

Prime Minister Narendra Modi talks about the mindsets that the youth should possess about
exams.

26 February

Prime Minister appreciated ISRO's recent achievements. He says, "The world has taken
notice of India's achievements. This cost effective, efficient space programme of ISRO has
become a marvel for the entire world. Prime Minister Modi also mentioned about Digidhan
Fought Corruption and requested citizens to promote BHIM, which is a Mobile App
developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)."

26 March

30 April

28 May

In this episode PM Narendra Modi said about the International Yoga Day ; Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan & others topics.

25 June

30 July

27 August

24 September

29 October

26 November
31 December

Prime Minister Modi talks about cleanliness, separation of garbage, registration and
importance of new millennial voters, and his dream for a new India and the role of positivity
in bringing about change.

2018

28 January

25 February

25 March

Prime Minister talks about Preventive Healthcare. He suggested that yoga as a form of
preventive healthcare and urged people to adopt it as soon as possible.

25 NOVEMBER

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 50th 'Mann ki Baat' address was all about his gratitude. He
thanked and paid tribute to the makers of the Indian Constitution, especially Dr BR
Ambedkar, saying he played a pivotal role in drafting the Constituent Assembly

The prime minister also paid a tribute to Guru Nanak Dev in the address.
Was adopted. It took two years, 11 months and 17 days to complete this historic work of
drafting the constitution. Imagine within 3 years these great figures gave us such a
comprehensive and detailed constitution. The extraordinary speed at which he created the
Constitution is still an example of Time Management and Productivity. It also inspires us to
fulfill our obligations in record time. The Constituent Assembly was the confluence of the
great talent of the country, every one of them was committed to give a nation its constitution
by which the people of India should be empowered, the poorest of the poor also became
capable.

The special point in our constitution is that the rights and duties i.e. rights and duties have
been described in detail. In the life of the citizen, the combination of both of these will take
the country forward. If we respect the authority of others, then our rights will be protected
automatically and in the same way if we follow our duties in the Constitution, our rights will
be protected automatically. I still remember when the Republic of India was 60 years ago, in
Gujarat, we had put the decoration of the Constitution by placing it on elephants. This was a
memorable occasion for the youth to raise awareness about the Constitution and connect
them with the aspects of the Constitution. In 2020, we will complete 70 years as a republic
and in 2022 75 years of our independence will be fulfilled.

Let us all go ahead with the values of our Constitution and ensure Peace, Progression,
Prosperity i.e. peace, prosperity and prosperity in our country.

My dear countrymen, while talking about the Constituent Assembly, the contribution of that
great person can never be forgotten, which is at the center of the Constituent Assembly.
These great men were the revered Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar. On 6th December they have
Mahaparinirvana's day. I honor Baba Saheb on behalf of all the people who gave the right to
live with respect to millions of Indians. Democracy was built in the nature of Babasaheb and
he used to say that the democratic values of India have not come from outside. What is the
Republic and what is the parliamentary system is nothing new to India. In the Constituent
Assembly, he had made a very emotional appeal that after independence, we have to protect
the freedom that has been achieved till the last drop of our blood. They also used to say that
we Indians may be of different background but we have to keep all the things above the
nation. India First - This was the fundamental principle of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar. Once
again, humble tribute to the revered Baba Saheb.
My dear countrymen, on November 23, two days before, we all have celebrated the birth
anniversary of Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji and in the next year i.e. 2019 we are going to
celebrate their 550th light festival. Guru Nanak Dev Ji always thought of the welfare of the
entire humanity. He always showed the path of truth, action, service, compassion and
harmony to society. The country will celebrate the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak
Dev next year, its color will not only disperse the whole world. All State Governments and
Union Territories have also been requested to celebrate this occasion with great devotion.
Similarly, the 550th light festival of Guru Nanak Dev Ji will be celebrated in all the countries
of the world. Along with this, a train will also be run on the path of holy places connected
with Guru Nanak. More recently, when I was attending this meeting, at the same time I
remembered Lakhpat Sahib. During the 2001 earthquake of Gujarat, the guru had suffered a
huge loss, but the way in which the state government has reconstructed it with local people is
still an example.

The Government of India has made a major decision to make Kartarpur corridor so that the
passengers of our country can easily visit the holy site of Guru Nanak Dev ji in Kartarpur.

After my 50th episode, we will meet again once again in the next "mind talk" and I am
confident that the feelings behind this program of "Mann Ki Baat" have given me the
opportunity to say to you for the first time because you People asked similar questions but
our journey will continue. The more you join with you the journey will be deeper and
satisfying to everyone. Occasionally there is a question in the minds of people that what I got
from 'mind talk'. I would like to say today that the feedback that comes out of 'mind talk' is
one thing that touches my mind, the maximum number of people said that when we listen to
the 'mind' of sitting with all the people in the family So, it seems that the head of our family is
sitting between us and sharing our own things with us. When I heard this thing widely I am
very satisfied that I am yours, am among you, am among you, you have made me bigger and
in a way I am also a member of your family. I will be coming again and again, I will keep
connecting with you. Your happiness, my happiness, your aspiration, my aspiration, your
ambition, my ambition.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

General Objective

The General Objective of this study is to:

Examine how effective Hindi radio news has been in making use of proverbs, humour,
evasions, hedges and various forms of pre-sequences in news presentation.

Specific Objectives

Specifically, the objectives of this study will be to:

1. Investigate the perception of FM audience towards style of Hindi radio news presentation
on in few words.

2. Investigate how audience perception of Hindi radio news presentation has affected their
understanding of issues contained in the news.

3. To find out whether use of proverbs, humour, hedges, evasions and pre-sequences and
style of news presentation is understood by the audience as intended.

4. To find out whether news room practices of news gathering, preparation and

1.) To study the behavior of the viewer‘s towards reality shows.

2.) To know the future of reality shows.
3.) To study the perception of the viewer‘s towards reality shows.

Type of data required:

For doing this research we have used both secondary and primary data.

Primary data collected in the form of questionnaire and secondary data in the form of
journals, literature and data from the internet.
Data collection method:

Data was collected through different means some of them are as follows:

1.) Personal administration of questionnaire.

2.) Secondary data collected from websites and journals.
3.) Informal interviews, survey with the individuals.

Target Population

mann ki bat radio program and target to 100 people to find data.

Sampling method

Method opted for this study was ―Non probability convenience sampling‖.

Sample Size

Research Type:

The type of study is ―Descriptive Research Design‖.

The study was conducted using MS Excel whereby the questionnaire was taken to the
respondents personally.

Sampling

Sampling is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from given population.

For the purpose of present study, simple random sampling has been selected from
different areas of Metro city.

o Sample size :-
o A sample is set of numerical data. Sample is the representative of the population
that a researcher targets to carry out a specific research, that representative part of
the population is known as sample size.
In this case I have taken sample as 100.
 o Methods :-
100 samples from the population are selected on the basis of convenience
sampling. As the name implies, the sample are selected because they are
convenient. Convenience sampling attempts to obtain a sample of convenient
elements. Often, respondents are selected because they happen to be in the right
place at the right time.

Methods of Data Collection

o Primary research :-
Primary data refers to the data collected for the first time. Primary data can
provide information about demographic and socio-economic characteristics,
psycho graphic characteristics, attitude and motivation and intensions. Tools used
by me for primary research is
 Questionnaire

o Secondary Research :-
Secondary data refers to the data previously collected for any purpose but can be
used in the current study. Tools used by me for secondary research are:
 Websites
 Journals
 Magazines

Tools Used

Tools used for the study is MS Excel.

In MS Excel for data analysis I have used:-

 Pie-chart
 Histogram
 Bar-Chart
 PIVOT table

I have used MS word for typing purposes and questionnaire making.

Justification of the Study

One of the controversies surrounding Hindi radio news presentation is that it is a deviation
from the traditional style of news presentation which is straight-forward, concise and
unblemished with proverbs, humour or innuendos. Hindi radio news presentation
contains all these characteristics and more. However, Hindi radio, along with its peculiar
programming characteristics has enjoyed a favourable audience size mainly due to the size of
the illiterate population in the country and the commonality of Hindi language among
different cultures in the urban areas in India. The popularity of Hindi radio is also due to the
ease of understanding the Hindi language among people of different ethnic groups in India.
The justification for this study is to offer an insight into the usefulness or otherwise of Hindi
radio news presentation in fulfilling one of the tasks of journalism – creating awareness of
issues of social or national importance for societal improvement. Subsequently, this study
will help us understand whether presenting news in Hindi with proverbs, humour, and
evasions better sends the intended message appropriately.

Scope of the Study

The focus of the study is exaggerations, hedges, ―verbal indirection‖ and humourous
statements as used in Adom FM major news called Adom Kaseibo. There are three (3) of
such major news bulletin every day from Monday to Sunday – this bulletin is done from 6am
to 6:30am, 12:00pm to 12:45pm and 6:00pm to 6:30pm (adomonline.com). Even though
other programmes like Kasa wo tiri ho, Apomudin, Ofie Kwanso, Amamre Nsem and Odo
Ahoma are informative in nature and use humour, evasions, hedges and circumlocution, these
will not be a part of the scope of the study. Essentially, the focus of this study is on all the
activities, that is bulletin of the main news

items, interviews with relevant authorities/personality or experts and related

activities, undertaken on Adom Kaseibo and the style this is done with peculiar
characteristics like hedges, circumlocution, evasions and humour.
Organisation of the Study

This study is grouped into five (5)

chapters as follows:

Chapter One deals with the Introduction of the study. This chapter is composed of an
elaboration of the Background Statement, Problem Statement, Research Objectives (broad
and specific objectives), Justification of the Study, and the Scope of the Study.

Chapter Two concerns the Literature Review. Here, the Theoretical Framework of the study,
concise but detailed account of related studies reviewed (Review of Related Studies), and
Operational Definitions are articulated.

Chapter Three focuses on the Methodology. The Sample, Sampling Technique and
Population will be explained. Additionally, Instruments of Data Collection, Design of the
research and Procedure, detailing statements of the steps taken in the collection of data is
made accurately. Chapter Four is about the Results. Because this is a qualitative study, Data
Analysis and Discussion will be undertaken with sufficient and convincing evidence.

The final chapter, Chapter Five will provide a Summary, Conclusion and Suggestion for
further study, and where there were any limitations it shall be mentioned.

A Reference list of all sources used in the study shall also be included (Bibliography) along
with an Appendices of Questionnaires and Question Guides used.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Most of the books that have tutored students of communication, some of who end up in the
Hindi-language oriented radio stations, are written in English, and authored by either a
British or American. The British or American societies have social interactive characteristics
entirely different from India‗s. Use of proverbs, humour, evasions, hedges and various forms
of pre- sequences are not part of hard news presentation style per text-book explanations and
propositions. But the issue still remains that audience appeal, expectations and needs which
has a psychological or social basis must be taken into consideration in presentation of any
media output or product.

Theoretical Framework

This study is situated within three communication theories namely: The Uses and
Gratification

Theory, Encoding/Decoding Model and Social Responsibility Theory.

The Uses and Gratification Theory studies the uses to which people put media and
the satisfactions they seek from that use. According to McQuail (2005:p.423), ―the idea
that media use depends on the perceived satisfaction, needs, wishes or motives of prospective
audience member is almost as old as media research itself‖.

He proceeds to state that formation of an audience toward a particular media product is ―on
the basis of similarities of individual need, interest and taste‖. And many of these
individual preferences in need, interest and taste originate from a social or psychological
base. These needs include information, relaxation, companionship, diversion or escape.

The Uses and Gratifications Approach or Theory came about as a result of the search for
explanations of the great appeal of certain staple media contents (McQuail, 2005). The
central
question that the Uses and Gratifications Approach asks is: why do people use media, and
what do they use them for? Hence the basic theme of Uses and Gratification Theory is the
idea that people use the media to get specific gratifications (Baran and Davis, 2003).

Media serves various needs of the society. For example the media is used for cohesion,
cultural continuity, social control and a large circulation of public information of all kinds.
This means that individuals also use media for related purposes such as personal guidance,
relaxation, adjustment, information and identity formation.

One of the first studies to be grounded in the Uses and Gratifications Theory was in 1947 and
it focused on the reasons for the popular appeal of different radio programmes, especially
―soap operas‖ and quizzes, and also looked at daily newspaper reading (Lazarfeld and
Stanton, 1944; cited in McQuail, 2005:p.422). These studies for instance found that day-time
soap operas, although often dismissed as superficial were found significant by their women
listeners. They perceived it as a source of advice and support – a role model of house wife
and mother – or an occasion for emotional release through laughter or tears (Herzog, 1944;
Warner and Harry, 1948; cited in McQuail, 2005:p.424).

Contemporary conception of the Uses and Gratifications Theory is as follows:

(1) The social and psychological origins of

(2) needs which generate

(3) expectations of

(4) the mass media or other sources which lead to

(5) differential exposure (or engaging in other activities) resulting in

(6) need gratification and

(7) other consequences

The first specific objective of this research: to investigate the perception of Adom FM
audience towards Hindi radio news presentation is grounded in the Uses and Gratification
Theory.

By identifying which expectations audience have in listening to Adom Kaseibo, this study
can analyse Adom Kaseibo‘s ability or inability to fulfill audience needs and expectations
which then helps this study to assess its impact on the audience.

That is, premised on the assumption that audiences are drawn to programmes which gratify
their particular needs, this study, will find out what expectations audience have in listening to
Adom Kaseibo and whether these expectations are met. An idea about the expectations of
audience and whether they are being met will inform this study as to whether Adom Kaseibo
is meeting its task – mainly information, but also correlation, surveillance, mobilization and
continuity – or meeting some other, unintended and/or inappropriate task.

That is, this study will apply the Uses and Gratifications principle of need-expectation-
satisfaction trio for audience formation towards a programme to find out if proverbs, humour,
evasions, pre-sequences, circumlocution and exaggeration form part of the audience‗s

(1) needs which translate into

(2) expectation of these needs on Adom FM‗s news bulletin and whether this expectation is
(3) satisfied or gratified. An idea of what these needs are, and whether they are met or
satisfied can help the study meet its broad objective.

Furthermore, since the theory postulates that ―need gratification‖ results in ―other
consequences this study, within the Uses and Gratifications Theory, will identify these

consequences which may manifest in the form of a particular opinions towards certain social,
economic and political issues.

The Encoding/Decoding Model of Communication proposed by Stuart Hall asserts

that encoding, which is the processes and tools of forming a message, and the process of
deriving meaning from the message, or decoding, are fundamental in the communicative
process (Hall,
1974; cited in McQuail, 2005:p.117). However if meaning is not derived from the message,
the audience will not be able to translate/consume the message which further prevents it from
being reproduced. Hence, the circuit remains incomplete. Hall notes that it is in this way that
each element in the communication process is linked (McQuail, 2005).

The message in its natural form must be encoded by the source and decoded by the receiver
so that a symbolic exchange is produced. The use of language predominates in each process
despite the fact that each process occurs at fixed moments (Baran and Davis, 2003). Because
the broadcaster makes certain assumptions about the audience in sending a message, Hall
supports the view that the audience is paradoxically both the source and receiver of the
message.

However the message must be correctly decoded by the receiver in order for
meaningful exchange to take place. In other words, the message cannot be said to have been
understood unless it produces the intended reaction or consequences within the audience.

In Halls view, media messages are always open and ‗polysemic‗, that is they have
multiple meanings, and their interpretation or so-called ‗decoding‗ is influenced by the
―…context and the culture of the receivers‖ (McQuail, 2000: p.56).

David Morley (1978), a colleague of Hall‗s, set out to test the encoding/decoding model
by examining the potential for ‗differential decoding‗ by groups from different socio-
cultural backgrounds (Baran and Davis, 2003. p270). He found that people‗s meaning of
media messages was influenced, among other things, by their social positions and particular
discourse positions (Baran and Davis, 2003). That is, if we group audience into
‗dominant‗, ‗negotiated‗ or

‗oppositional‗, where the ‗dominant‗ groups are those whose values are closest to the values
of

the programme, or ‗oppositional‗ who actually reject the values of the programme and the

‗negotiated‗ who stand in between these two, depends, not only the closeness of the values of
the programme to the values of the audience, or their rejection of the values of a programme,
but rather the closeness of the programme to their social positions, which can be several,
example farmer, banker, pastor and ethnicity, and what they like to talk about—what matters
to them. The
‗values‗ of a programme are reflected by the style of presentation, kinds of topics discussed

among other things.

Essentially, the principles of encoding/decoding model of communication are: the

multiplicity of meanings of media content; the existence of varied ‗interpretive‗
communities; and the primacy of the receiver in determining meaning (McQuail, 2005).

Accra, Tema and surrounding areas where Adom Kaseibo reach is composed of multicultural
audience groups who, by virtue of their different social and psychological compositions may
interpret Adom Kaseibo differently when proverbs, humour, evasions, hedges and various
forms of pre-sequences, which define the ‗values‗ of Adom Kaseibo, are used.

Audience who understand the Hindi language, along with the myriad of the Hindi social
interaction characteristic have a better chance of decoding the messages encoded by the
media houses. But the possibility of blocking the intended message of Adom FM‗s news of
creating awareness of the issues in the news (also called ‗dominant reading‗) is a
possibility when proverbs, pre-sequences and innuendos are used in the news presentation
because not all Indiaians, even Hindi themselves, may understand the Hindi language
thoroughly.

Furthermore, Morley‗s study revealed that social positions affected the decoding process of
audiences and since the audience of Adom FM is multicultural and made up of people with
different occupations, ethnicity and different preferences of topics, the investigation into
whether

audience of Adom FM identify important issues when news is presented with proverbs,
humour, evasions, hedges and pre-sequences can be achieved by grounding it in this
encoding/decoding model of communication.

Social Responsibility theory of the press came as a result of lapses and weaknesses in the
LIBERTARIAN THEORY.

Libertarian Theory of the Press takes the philosophical path that audiences are rational and
can identify between falsehoods and truths hence there should be no government
interventions to regulate or control the media – the media should inform, entertain, sell
and check on government. However, the tenets of the Social Responsibility Theory are as
follows: freedom and responsibility must go hand-in-hand; whiles preserving the freedom of
the press, the media must be constantly reminded of their responsibility to provide accurate
and balanced information to members of the society so that an informed citizenry can make
wise and informed decisions; and whiles the media inform, educate, entertain and sell they
must also help to put important issues on the public agenda for discussion (Baran and Davis,
2003).

Under the Libertarian atmosphere in the United States, there were many instances of abuse of
press freedom. As a result a commission was set up to ―examine areas and circumstances
under which the press…is succeeding or failing‖ (McQuail, 2005:p.170). The report coined
the notion of social responsibility and named key journalistic standards that the press should
seek to maintain.

Under this theory of social responsibility, the press should provide a full, truthful,
comprehensive

and intelligent account of the day‗s events in a context which gives them meaning
(McQuail,

2005). The report further stated that the press should serve as a forum for the exchange of

comment and criticism and be a common carrier of the public expression. Thirdly, the press
should be a representative of the constituents groups in society and also present and clarify
the goals and values of society (McQuail, 2005).
• Providing amusement, diversion and the means of relaxation

• Reducing social tension

Mobilisation

• Campaigning for societal objectives in the sphere of politics, war,

economic development, work and sometimes religion (McQuail, 2005).

Adom Kaseibo is a news programme and hence its main function, the provision of
information, providing information about events and conditions in society comprehensibly, is
paramount.

My reason for relating this theory to the study is to examine Adom FM‗s social
responsibility in using proverbs, humour, evasions, hedges and various forms of pre-
sequences in meeting the information needs of audience through Adom Kaseibo. Is Hindi
radio news presentation being socially responsible? This is the connection of this theory of
social responsibility and the discussion of the impact of Adom FM radio news presentation
on audience. By understanding the social responsibility status of Hindi news on Adom using
the above functions as benchmark, an insight can be gained about its impact on audience.
Review of Related Studies

This study reviewed a total of five works. Three of the works reviewed dealt specifically with
Hindi language broadcasting on radio, one dealt generally with language use in radio
broadcasting, and the last one was on reasons for poor performance of news reporting on a
certain radio station.

The reviews of related work looked at the topic, objectives, sample and sampling techniques,
findings and how the works relates to this study. However, for some of the works, this study
critiqued certain procedural aspects and findings.

Owusu E. (2009) studied ―The Use of Local Language in Radio Broadcasting And
Freedom of Speech: A Case Study of Peace FM‖ and her General Objective was to examine
the extent to which local language—specifically Hindi language—has enhanced freedom of
speech in India.

The Scope of her research was on all programs including the major news bulletins. She
wanted to know, among other things, how effective local language in radio broadcasting
affects the level of awareness of the listeners; whether listeners prefer programme broadcasts
in local language than in foreign language or both and; how freedom of expression has been
affected by local language broadcasting.

Using the simple random technique, she sampled 60 respondents in Accra and Suhum
comprising of both illiterates and literates. For the literates, she administered questionnaires,
but the illiterates, she interviewed them.

Of the 60 respondents, she found that 55% were females and 45% were males
meaning, according to her, that more females listened to radio as compared to males.

She also found that 90% of respondents said they prefer Hindi for radio broadcasting, as
against

meaning ―more people listen to Peace FM‗s news bulletin‖.

Also 58% of respondents said they agree that Peace FM‗s news bulletins exaggerated facts,
but

68% said it helped them understand national issues better because they delve deeper into the
issues.

However, it is my view that the sample size was very small and not representative of the
population—residents of Accra and Suhum. Also her investigation of freedom of speech, an
important part of her research was not thorough. It was a ‗yes‗ (97%) or ‗no‗ (3%) answer
from respondents. Since majority of them had at least basic level education, did they know
what it was? What is the manifestation of this freedom of expression? What are they able to
do now that they could not do before local radio began? What constituted freedom of speech
or expression for respondents? All these salient issues were ignored.

The relation between my study and Owusu‗s study is that both studies are about Hindi radio
and how effective it was in creating audience awareness about national issues. That is both
studies are interested in how Hindi language radio is fulfilling its journalistic task. However,
a fundamental difference is that she treated news presentation partially, but this study treats it
holistically.

Dornoo J. (2008) studied ―Use of Twi on Peace FM and its Impact in terms of Patronage: A
Case Study of Listeners at Lapaz New Market Community‖ and found that 93% of her
randomly sampled 200 respondents spoke Twi.

She also found that 56% of respondents were illiterates, and of all the reasons given for why
audience chose Hindi radio, the overriding one was the use of Hindi language in the
broadcast which represented 33% as against 25% for programme content and 23% for
presenter. 37 respondents representing 18.5% did not answer.

It was a quantitative study that shed light on the appeal of Hindi radio to listeners and the
kinds of people who listen to it.

Her broad objective was to access Peace FM‗s impact on the people of Lapaz New Market
Community with its dominant use of Twi for broadcasting. But specifically she wanted to
investigate the reasons for audience‗s decision to listen to Peace FM; examine whether
among the other local languages like Ewe, Ga, Hausa and Nzema, Hindi language
predominantly constituted people‗s choice of language for broadcasting and; assess the
effectiveness of Peace FM‗s broadcast in Hindi language.

This study is undertaking a similar task only with a different Hindi radio as the focus. But
additionally, this study will analyse the conformity of news room practice of news gathering,
processing and presentation with NMC guideline for news gathering, processing
and presentation.

Nukpeza R. (2007) looked at ―Poor Performance of News Reporting on our Radio

Stations: A Case Study of Rite FM‖. One of his objectives was to understand what has been
the impact of news on Rite FM audience. But he also wanted to understand why FM stations
produce poor news.

At first glance, the title looked very interesting but this study can hardly be described as a
scientific study.

Firstly, the study used ―both probability and non-probability sampling‖ without explaining
which

samples constituted the probability and non-probability sampling.

Secondly, the study, per the topic, was case studying a certain Rite FM. So what comes to
mind immediately is either Rite FM was presenting poor news so it was investigating it to
identify the problem, or Rite FM was doing good news reporting so it was going to use it as
a benchmark to assess other news reports. But it was none. Rather he used workers of Rite
FM and another station in Ada as respondents. They numbered only 38, according him, and
nothing was said about which work they did at the station. This is important because they
could include receptionists and cleaners, who may not know anything about what makes good
news reports, as well as journalists and editors who could offer laudable insights. An idea of
which categories of workers interviewed was very important.

Furthermore, his only well-articulated finding: journalism institutions should train students
properly, and also they should include practicals in their teaching was not presented
in percentage of respondents who said or suggested this—it was stated like a summary of
findings or conclusion, using age categories of respondents in place of what should have been
percentage distributions or number of respondents. For instance he said respondents between
the ages of 18 and 26 said journalism institutions should train students better.

The study, if it had been done properly, would have provided insights into reasons for poor
news reporting, what constituted poor news reports and how it affected audience since this
study has mentioned elsewhere that the controversies surrounding Hindi Radio news
presentation is that it was unprofessional in its use of certain devices like proverbs, humour
and hedges.

Vandyk A.J.(2001), in her study titled ―An Assessment of the Performance of Adom FM:
A Case Study of Residents of Tema Community 2‖ stated that 62.1% of respondents were of
the view that the presentation style of broadcasting on Adom FM is exceptionally good and
65.5% of

respondents preferred the use of the Hindi language in programme presentation. This
was because ―most people understand the Hindi language more than any other
language‖. The purpose of the study was to assess the general performance of Adom FM. She
used the quantitative method of data collection, where she administered questionnaires to the
sample population.

Another study conducted by Arthur C. (2000) on ―Language Use in FM Radio

Broadcasting‖ revealed that although students understand the Hindi language, most of them
listen to radio stations that broadcast in the English language. The prominent reason for this
was that English- language-oriented radio stations were straightforward, concise and
unambiguous in their news presentation, and in the presentation of other programmes. The
purpose of his study was to assess students‗ perception of, and attitude towards their own
local language used in radio broadcasting. He used the multi-stage cluster sampling.

The immediate two reviews have demonstrated that on the one hand, Hindi radio news
presentation appealed to a section of the audience, and on another hand, it was unpopular to
another section of the audience. The implication of this observation can be explained by
considering the sample population of the two studies: students (who understand the English
language and were exposed to news on either foreign or local English language news
presentation) and audience who ―understand Hindi language more than any other
language‖, and hence were not interested in English-language oriented radio .The students
judged the Hindi- language news on Adom FM against what they have been exposed to over
the years, and perceived less of it. The second group was only interested in the fact that they
too can get to know what is going on around them first hand through the Hindi Radio News
presentation.

Many other studies on local radio (for example Egyima A.(2008), Osew A.S (2001) and
Owusu E. (2009)) have indicated that, generally, audience prefer local language use by radio
stations. The reason for this, apart from the obvious that most people easily understand Hindi,
it is also a way to ―portray our Indiaian culture‖ (Owusu, 2009).

The above reviews of related research indicate that study or research emphasis has been on
the

perception, appeal and use of local language in broadcasting. But none has focused on the
impact which local radio, which in India now has been predominantly Hindi, has had on
audience. My idea is that news presentation is particularly influential in attitude formation
about important social and national issues for any audience and hence it is a good starting
point.

Even though there have been significant changes and improvements in the media terrain, with
respect to technology, and programme contents, the basics of news which is: Report events as
they happened or are happening without use of proverbs, humour and pre-sequences, have
not changed (Shrivastava, 2003). But what is observed in India, with respect to Hindi Radio
news broadcast is worth studying to assess what its impact has been.

Operational Definition of Terms

Hindi Radio News Presentation (Adom FM News Presentation): Radio news presented in
Hindi-language which is full of exaggerations, hedges, ―verbal indirection‖ and humourous
statements. This type of radio news presentation mirrors Hindi social interactive
characteristics, and it is highly informal.

Journalism Standard: With respect to radio news, factual, concise, straight-forward and
formal reportage of recent events or happenings. Also, such reportage of recent events or
happenings is not done with proverbs, innuendos, pre-sequences or humour.

Informal: Down-to-earth and highly interactive style of news presentation.

Literates: Respondents with educational levels SHS and above.

Semi-Literates: Respondents with educational levels not exceeding SHS

Illiterates: Respondents with educational levels only up to JHS

Sampling technique

According to Huston & Merrigan (2004), nonrandom selection methods involves

selecting people and respondents in ways that do not ensure that the resulting data simply
represents some theoretic population.
Interpretive or exploratory research is likely to prefer nonrandom selection methods because
interpretive research claims are more likely to be based on representing communication
phenomena with a specific context (Merrigan & Huston, 2001). Hence this research adopted
the purposive sampling technique.

Purposive samples intentionally focus on the target group with the exclusion of other groups
(Smith, 1988:p.85; cited in Merrigan & Huston, 2001). Purposive sampling methods lack
representativeness, just as do other nonrandom selection methods. However, randominsation
may not be a practical desirable way to collect audience about some research question.

This situation applies to this research as well. The research concerns audience of Adom FM
who, have different social positions or occupation and may come from different ethnicities.

3.5 Data Collection

Collection of primary data was by interviews of the purposively sampled residents of 1st
Yarboi Link in Kotobabi and selected staff of Adom FM. This was to ensure uniformity of
the data collection process since the disparities in the educational level of respondents in this
category could result in inconsistency in comprehension of question and even in some cases
the ability to read the questions if a questionnaire was administered. The interview questions
were informed by an interview guide to ensure consistency of questions asked of respondents.

However for members of the news team of Adom FM, a questionnaire was administered to
them. Other data was also obtained from documents such as the NMC‗s guidelines for local
language broadcasting.

Secondary data came from books, and institutions like the Electoral Commission (EC) and
India Broadcasting Corporation (GBC). This research used both qualitative and quantitative
research methods.

Data Collection Instruments

This study used semi-structured interviews. According to Frankfort-Nachmias &

Nachmias,

1996; cited in Huston and Merrigan, 2004), semi-structured interviews or ―non-

schedule-
structured‖ interviews has the following characteristics:

1. It asks respondents to reflect on an experience or concept that they all have in common

2. It refers to situations or constructs that have been analysed and then defined prior to the
interview

3. It requires the interviewer to use an interview guide that specifies topics of interest to the
study

4. It focuses on the participants understanding or meaning of a particular concept or

experience.

These features of the semi-structured interview informed the interview guide used for this
study. Essentially the interview questions were specific questions that sought to answer the
research questions of this study.

The study collected data by interviewing purposively sampled literates, semi-literates and
illiterates of residents of 1st Yarboi Link in Kotobabi. An interview guide made use of semi-

Section A consisted of questions seeking information about the demography of respondents.

Section B also consisted of relevant questions concerning the perception of respondents
towards Hindi radio news presentation on Adom FM, while questions in section C
investigated respondents‗ understanding of humour, proverbs and so on used on Adom
FM news presentation. Section D consists of questions concerned with respondent‗s
understanding of the proverbs, humour and others used in Adom FM news bulletins

Staffs of the Adom FM news team were made to answer questions only in section E about the
conformity of news room practice of news gathering, preparation and presentation with NMC
guidelines for local language news presentation.
DATA ANALYSIS

Q1.Do you listen to Mann ki Bat radio programs?

A. Yes B. No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 65% 65%

B NO 35% 35%

No
35%

Yes
65%
Q2. How successful is "mann ki baat" program of PM Modi?

A. Yes B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 80% 80%

B NO 20% 20%

No
20%

Yes
80%
Q2. Is Mann-ki-Baat (Ideas in Mind) by Prime Minister (Narendra Modi) helping
India?

A. Yes B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 60% 60%

B NO 40% 40%

No
40%

Yes
60%
Q.4 Is Modi really good for India?

A. Yes B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 90% 60%

B NO 10% 40%

No
10%

Yes
90%
Q.5 The people of the village who listen to the radio ?

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A Radio 40% 40%

B Television 20% 20%

C Tv 10% 10%

D Mobile Phones 30% 30%

45

40

35

30

25

20 Sales

15

10

0
Radio Television Tv Mobile Phones
Q5. Mann Ki Bat Radio affects how many percent of people in the village ?

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A 10-20 10% 10%

B 21-40 40% 40%

C 41-50 40% 40%

D 50-60 10% 10%

45

40

35

30

25

20 21-40, 40 41-50, 40

15

10

5 Oct-20, 10 50-60, 10

0
Oct-20 21-40 41-50 50-60
Q6. Which language do you prefer to listen to Mann ki Bat radio programs?

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A Hindi 60% 60%

B English 20% 20%

C Other 20% 20%

Other
20%

English
20% Hindi
60%
7.Do you have proper radio networks in your area.

A. Yes. B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 70% 70%

B NO 30% 30%

No
30%

Yes
70%
8. How often do you listen to ANY radio station? Everyday Most days About once or
twice a week Occasionally Rarely Never.

A. Yes. B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 60% 60%

B NO 40% 40%

No
40%

Yes
60%
9. At what time(s) are you most likely to listen to the radio? Early morning Late
morning Afternoon Evening Late night/early hours.

A. Yes. B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 53% 53%

B NO 47% 47%

No
47%
Yes
53%
10. Why do you listen to your preferred station(s)? Ans knowledge purpose,, entertaing
purpose.

A. Yes. B.No

S.NO PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
A YES 55% 55%

B NO 45% 45%

No
45%

Yes
55%
HYPOTHESIS

1. Mann ki baat is a effective tool to disseminate

information.

2. People from urban as well as rural areas are aware

about ‗‗mann ki baat‘‘ radio programme.

3. It is have good impact over listener.

4. Rural area citizen are more conscious about mann ki

baat.
SUMMARY

To enhance media pluralism and diversity, there must be a platform for Indiaian audiences to
participate in national dialogue, but also to enable them make sense of events around them
through indigenized programmes like Hindi news so they can make informed decisions and
choices. This is more the case considering that India has a high illiteracy rate – meaning an
even higher rate of the use of local language in social transactions.

Of the six main Indiaian languages: Hindi, Ewe, Ga, Nzema, Dagbani and Hausa, first used
on radio, Hindi language seems to be the most predominantly used in local radio across the
country today. But by text-book/international journalism standards, use of proverbs, humour
and similar devices is a digression.

Broadly, this work studied the effectiveness of Hindi radio news presentation in the use of
such devices.

Samples were from two main populations, audience of Adom FM and members of the news
staff of Adom FM.

Important findings include the effectiveness of Hindi radio news presentation with its
peculiar devices in informing audience about key social, economic local and global issues.
But additionally, it made the news listening process for audience less difficult.

Suggestions about what should change fell within three thematic categories: negotiated,
radicals and conservative. The negotiated category, proposing strategic adjustments to
cater for the

―unethical‖ and ―unprofessional‖, ethnocentric and other problems that may arise—but
which
will still appeal to the audience, and make news-listening interesting—emerged as the
majority view across all three categories of respondents.

CONCLUSION

This study acknowledges the importance of Hindi radio news presentation with humour,
proverbs and other similar devices in drawing-in mostly the illiterate majority of people in the
city of Accra to radio but also to serve as a source of informing them about goings-on around
the world.

However, it suggests a toning down on the use of humour, exaggeration and proverbs for
particular stories, and also the repetition of some proverbs to better facilitate the aim of
instilling knowledge of the Hindi traditional proverbs in the listener.

It also proposes a review of the NMC Guidelines for Local Language Broadcasting to take
note of the fact that irrespective of the non-conformity of Hindi radio news presentation by
international standards, it serves very useful purposes and it is essentially very effective.
Certain guidelines, like the exclusion of proverbs and humour in news, should be
reconsidered since these appeal greatly to the audiences and serves the purpose of news and
mass media.
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

This study took a look at only one of the programmes on an Hindi-language oriented radio
stations—the news. Subsequent studies should focus on other programmes like entertainment
programmes and current affairs programmes and consider how the use of typical
Hindi traditional interactional characteristics on these programmes is impacting the audience.
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 ANNEXURE

Q1.Do you listen to Mann ki Bat radio programs?

A. Yes B. No

A YES

B NO

Q2. How successful is "mann ki baat" program of PM Modi?

A. Yes B.No

A YES

B NO

Q2. Is Mann-ki-Baat (Ideas in Mind) by Prime Minister (Narendra Modi) helping

India?

A. Yes B.No

A YES

B NO
Q.4 Is Modi really good for India?

A. Yes B.No

A YES

B NO

Q.5 The people of the village who listen to the radio ?

A Radio

B Television

C Tv

D Mobile Phones

Q5. Mann Ki Bat Radio affects how many percent of people in the village ?

A 10-20

B 21-40

C 41-50

D 50-60
Q6. Which language do you prefer to listen to Mann ki Bat radio programs?

A Hindi

B English

C Other