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MSO202A COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Solutions–1

Exercise Problems:

1. For any z, w ∈ C, show that (a) z + w = z + w,(b) zw = z w, (c) z = z, (d) |z| = |z|
and (e) |zw| = |z||w|.

2. Show that (a)|z + w|2 = |z|2 + |w|2 + 2Re(zw)


(b)|z + w|2 + |z − w|2 = 2(|z|2 + |w|2 ).
(c)|z + w| = |z| + |w| if and only if either zw = 0 or z = cw for some positive real
number c.

3. Let α be any of the n th roots of unity except 1. Show that 1+α+α2 +. . .+αn−1 = 0.

4. Express in polar form: (a) 1 + i (b) −1 − i (c) 3 + i (d) 1 + cos θ + i sin θ.
Determine the value of Arg(z 2 ) in each of the cases.

5. Let z be a nonzero complex number and n a positive integer. If z = r(cos θ + i sin θ),
show that z −n = r−n (cos nθ − sin nθ).

6. Find√the roots of each of the following in the form x + iy. Indicate the principal root
(a) 2i, (b) (−1)1/3 and (c) (−16)1/4 .

7. Determine the values of the following:

(a) (1 + i)20 − (1 − i)20 .


π 3 2n + 1 81
(b) cos + i cos π + . . . + in cos π + . . . + i40 cos π.
4 4 4 4
8. Find the roots of z 4 + 4 = 0. Use these roots to factor z 4 + 4 as a product of two
quadratics with real coefficients.

9. Determine whether the following sets describe domains (open and connected sets) in
π
C: (a) Re z > 1 (b) 0 ≤ Argz ≤ (c) Im (z) = 1, (d) |z−2+i| < 1 (e) |2z+3| > 4.
4
10. Let z = x + iy and f (z) = x2 − y 2 − 2y + i(2x − 2xy). Write f (z) as a function of z
and z.

11. Verify Cauchy-Riemann equation for z 2 , z 3 .


z+z z−z ∂ 1 ∂
12. Using the relations x = ,y = and the chain rule show that = ( −
2 2i ∂z 2 ∂x
∂ ∂ 1 ∂ ∂
i ); = ( + i ).
∂y ∂z 2 ∂x ∂y

1
|w−z|
13. Let z, w ∈ C, |z|, |w| < 1 and zw 6= 1. Prove that |1−wz|
< 1. Further, show that the
equality holds if either |z| = 1 or |w| = 1.

14. Determine
P n all z ∈P
C for which each
P ofn the following
P power series is convergent.
n
a) zn2 b) zn! c) z2n d) 21n z1n .

15. Show that the CR-equations in polar form are given by: ur = 1r vθ and uθ = −rvr .

Problem for Tutorial:

1. Give a geometric description of the following sets:

(a) {z ∈ C : |z + i| ≥ |z − i|}
(b) {z ∈ C : |z − i| + |z + i| = 2}.
n
2. Discuss the convergence of the following sequences: (a) (z n ), (b) ( zn! ), (c) (in sin nπ
4
)
and (d) ( n1 + in ).
1+i n
3. Determine if the following series converge or diverge: (a) ∞
P  P∞ 1

n=0 4
(b) n=0 n+in 2

4. Limit at infinity: Let f : C → C be a function. The limit of f at infinity is said to


be l if, given any  > 0 there exists a R > 0 such that |f (z) − l| <  for all z such
that |z| > R.
(a) Show that limz→∞ z12 = 0.
Infinite limit: Let f : D → C be a function defined around z0 (except possibly at z0 ).
The limit of f at z0 is said to be ∞ if, given any R > 0 there exists a δ > 0 such
that |f (z)| > R for all z such that 0 < |z| < δ.
1
(b) Show that limz→a z−a =∞

5. Verify if the following functions can be given a value at z = 0, so that they be-
, (c) f (z) = zz̄ , (d) Im|z|(z ) ,
2 2
come continuous: (a)f (z) = |z|z , (b) f (z) = |z|−1
z+1

(e) Im z .
1−|z|

6. Let D = {z ∈ C : |z| ≤ 1}. For a fixed w in D, with |w| < 1, define the mapping
w−z
F : z 7→ 1−wz . Show that

(a) F is a map from D to itself;


(b) F (0) = w and F (w) = 0;
(c) |F (z)| = 1 if |z| = 1;
(d) F : D → D is bijective.

of n an z n . For a fixed k ∈ N, find the radius of


P
7. Let R be the radiusPof convergence
an k z n , (b) an z kn .
P
convergence of (a)

2

8. (a) Show that f satisfies the CR-equations if and only if ∂z f = 0. (Recall from Ex. 3
above that ∂z = 2 ( ∂x + i ∂y ).) Moreover, if f is analytic then f 0 (z) = ∂z
∂ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂
f.

9. Consider the following functions

(a)
 xy(x + iy)

if x + iy 6= 0
f (x + iy) = x2 + y 2

0 if x + iy = 0
p
(b) f (x + iy) = |xy|

Show that f satisfies the CR-equations but it is not differentiable at the origin.

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