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Introduction to the social research

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1. An evaluation of the sources of literature that is used by the study for establishing

purpose

It has been observed that this study has used relevant literature in an excellent manner. The

paper highlighted that there has been a recent shift towards consumer-directed practices and

choices that clashes with the traditional expectation of the informal caregiving as well as

familial obligation.

The literature review of this study has highlighted the important concern of the caregiver’s

financial, social, as well as the emotional well-being and literature have been also used for

examining the roles of the caregivers.

2. Description of the research methods and findings

The findings of the study suggests that there were mainly seven focus groups and the

respondents were basically from the rural as well as the outer regional areas with regards to

the North East Victoria and it also consisted of the 42 practioners who worked with the older

couples who resided in the similar community. It has been also highlighted by the thematic

analysis by which the personal values of the practioners were revealed and also the direct

practice environment’s constraint constraints impact on the experience of choice with regards

to the older Australians. The discussion of the study also considered the problematic nature

of the choice of practice and policy for the older people as well as the caregivers in the

findings.

3. Main ethical principles that is undertaken by the research paper

In the research methodology section of this particular study it has been observed that the

researcher had mentioned that the Ethics approval was obtained as well as sought previously

before starting this particular research work. Furthermore, it has been mentioned in this
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research work that the dependency in the aged and health care systems with regards to the

informal carers has the possibility of complicating the ethical decision making for the rural

practioners who are busy. Ethical principles were considered in this study completely for the

healthcare practioners who are working with the aged people.

The paper also considered utilitarian ethics and there are several reasons for using this in this

entire research paper. It is mainly a normative ethical theory that places it focus on the wrong

and right on the results in terms of choosing an action over other policies. It also tends to

move beyond the scope of an individual’s interest and they take into account others interests.

However, there are some of the pros and cons associated if this ethics is considered. The pros

are: Decision makers can make their decisions in a distinctive manner and it helps the

researchers to consider some of the virtues so that the study can be carried out without any

type of mistakes. The cons of the ethics: It tends to miss the importance obligations to the

publics and the client, there may be some of the disagreement that take place because of the

principals involved in the decision-making, and there is also another main cons that is the

decision-makers are forced in terms of guessing the result of their respective choices.

4. Limitations and unexplored aspects of this research paper

There are some of the limitations as well as unexplored areas of this particular research paper.

The main limitations of the study mainly revolves around the scope, size as well as the nature

of the project which in return restricts the findings ability to be generalized in a huge amount

of population. On the other hand, this particular study however explored and highlighted the

perspective of the practitioner with regards to the caregiving experience but if fails to explore

the experience and views of the individuals providing and receiving the informal care.

Throwing light on the above-mentioned segment it can be said that future research must be

conducted for understanding the issue of choice from the caregiver’s perspective as it will be
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one of the most valuable things in terms of working towards this outcome. There are some of

the areas that are not explored by this research study so other future research works must take

a sincere effort for covering this areas such as other studies must consider the experience of

choice both social and practice policy levels which will be in return warrant them some more

consideration. On the other hand, from the macro point of view it has been observed that the

study supported some of the past findings with regards to the choice within the policy which

did not align with the social contexts that were contemporary. However, another significant

limitation was the reluctance of the caregiver that failed to give proper validity to the study

and if the caregiver was not reluctant then the study would have gained proper investigation

in terms of how practioners are actually affected. The resources for this study was also quite

limited in number and the lack of resources for the study is another disadvantage that can be

further classified as one of the major limitations. The study also failed to reflect on the social

norms basic challenges as well as the contextual issues. Moreover, the researchers in the

study could have supported some of the arguments that were more critical and reflective

approaches that could have enhanced the practice for both practioners as well social workers

with regards to the professional background.

The future research must be conducted for understanding the issue of choice from the

caregiver’s perspective as it will be one of the most valuable things in terms of working

towards this outcome.

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1. An evaluation of the sources of literature that is used by the study for establishing

purpose

The study successfully highlighted the fact that there are a huge amount of young people in

the Australia who are not engaging themselves in any type of social as well as schools.

2. Description of the research methods and findings

This specific article presented the outcome of the mixed-methods study in terms of the pilot

Family Wellbeing intervention that was entirely designed for improving the emotional as well

as the social well-being of the young Aboriginal men and also enhance their engagement in

the following areas such as employment, education as well as the other social participation.

Questionnaire method was used and the study also consisted of 6 program organizers

consisting of the e Central Coast NSW Medicare Local mental health program manager

whose responsibility was all total implementation of some of the facilitators and there were

other participants as well. The Human Ethics Committee at the James Cook University

approved this entire study. The questionnaire mainly included five parts and these are: two

open-ended items, demographics, nine post program progress items and Kessler-9 scale. The

details about the demography were collected in the questionnaire before.

The results of the study suggested that Family Wellbeing intervention has a huge amount of

capability in terms of making huge amount of contribution to the SEWB with regards to the

Aboriginal men who are young. It also showcased that the participants that strong

enhancement in the capacity for managing the relationships, engagement in employment

along with the education, as well as the physical and mental health. In the questionnaire all of

the respondents were Aboriginal males who were also quite young. Furthermore, it has been

observed that most of the participants were from various locations as well as they only had

minimum communications after conducting this study. One of the main focuses of the entire
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results from the post-intervention along with the pre-intervention Kessler assessments with

regards to the psychological distress. The table in the result also highlighted descriptive

statistics for some of the items. A marked enhancement was witnessed in most of the aspects.

On the other hand, the first five items the frequency of the negative feelings is assessed and

these are the feelings without any kind of hope, and feeling nothing mostly empty (Cash,

Hodgkin & Warburton, 2016).

3. Main ethical principles that is undertaken by the research paper

The main focus of this particular paper was protecting the human subjects in the qualitative

research. It is already mentioned earlier that the study was approved by the Human Research

Ethics and ethical consideration is required for each and every studies. Deontological ethics

was considered in this paper and it highlighted whether or not the procedures of the research

conform for accepted codes of behavior. On the other hand, the relational ethics tends to

suggest that that the research is informed basically by the consideration and respect for those

an individual searches for understanding. In the recent times relational ethics have gained a

lot of popularity so it is used by the researchers all across the globe. This research paper

considered the qualitative research so this type of ethical consideration was an absolute

necessity for them. The deontological issues mainly go beyond any kind of obligation for

informing other people and securing their personal consent. Furthermore, this code of ethics

also urged the study for developing a proper code of behavior and this type of codes mainly

serves for introducing alternative set of criteria from which for informing avoiding the

violence and confidentiality.

The ecological ethics also highlights the nature of the relationships that is interdependent,

aiming for situating moral decisions within their huge amount of context that is possible.
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4. Limitations and unexplored aspects of this research paper

Like other studies this particular study also has some of the limitations. There are problems

with regards to the data collection that took place. Furthermore, approximately some of the

respondents from the entire program did not complete it and hence the ultimate questionnaire

was collected after the completion of the study that took place after 3 months. There were

mainly 3 main reasons due to which the respondents did not complete this study and this is

one of the most vital reasons. Throwing light on the above-mentioned discussion it can be

said that there is high level of instability with the families or the individuals who moved from

one place to the other hence it made the continuation next to impossible. On the other hand

there were some of the other participants who had issues related to the addiction of the drugs

and it is quite evident that there was huge amount of difficulties that took place in terms of

maintaining the commitment to the day-to-day sessions. However, in one of the most

surprising incidents it has been observed that in another group there were some of the

participants immediately withdrawn themselves as they felt threatened by the other

participant’s aggression in other groups. On the contrary, although it was one of the most

significant limitations of this particular study still this did not seemed to be unusual in a

group such as this, and it is also not observed as connected with a specific sub-group that

might be able to receive any kind of advantages from the intervention. Another limitation of

the study is that the post-intervention and the pre-intervention responses were quite difficult

as some of the participants did not use the similar code. The survey matching in this study

was also quite poor as the participants initial was used. There was also uncontrolled post and

pre questionnaire design and there was no such improvements noted by the participants.
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It can be said that although the pilot study highlighted some form of effectiveness but it is

only for the young Aboriginal men so the future research must be on older Aboriginal men

who will be engaged in the social systems as well as in the schools. If small pilot studies are

conducted then it may certainly have some form of limitations that must not be considered by

the future studies but they might provide some of the information that is useful in nature for

strengthening and supporting the research designs that are quite huge (Whiteside and et al.,

2016).
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References

Cash, B., Hodgkin, S., & Warburton, J. (2016). Practitioners’ perspectives on choice for older

spousal caregivers in rural areas. Australian Social Work, 69(3), 283-296.

Whiteside, M., Klieve, H., Millgate, N., Webb, B., Gabriel, Z., McPherson, L., & Tsey, K.

(2016). Connecting and strengthening young Aboriginal men: A family wellbeing

pilot study. Australian Social Work, 69(2), 241-252.