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APPARATUS:
A convex lens, a plane mirror, water, oil, clamp, stand, an optical
needle, plumb line, knitting needle, half meter scale, glass slab, a
spherometer.
DIAGRAM:
Fig: Focal length of glass convex les and liquid lens combination
THEORY:
1. If f1 and f2 be the focal length of the glass convex lens and liquid
lens and f be the focal length of their combination then:-
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒇𝒇𝟐
= + or f2 =
𝒇 𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒇𝟏 −𝒇
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝒇𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏 − 𝟏 ) ⌊ − ⌋
𝑹𝟏 ∞
𝟏
= (n-1)⌊ − 𝟎⌋
𝑹
𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝒇𝟐 𝑹
𝑹
n= +𝟏
𝒇𝟐
3.The radius of the lower surface of the convex lens is given by:
𝒍𝟐 𝒉
R= +
𝟔𝒉 𝟐
Here, l is the average distance between the legs of the spherometer and
h is the difference in the reading of the spherometer when placed first
on the convex lens and then on plane mirror.
PROCEDURE:
𝒍𝟏 + 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒍𝟑
l=
𝟑
OBSERVATIONS:
1.Rough focal length of convex lens= 21cm
CALCULATION:
(i) 𝑙 = 𝑙 +𝑙3 𝑙
1 2 3
=………..cm
𝑙2 ℎ
(ii) 𝑅 = 6ℎ +
2
= ………..cm
𝑓𝑓
(iii) 𝑓2 = 𝑓−𝑓 1
1
= ……….cm(water)
= ………cm(transparent liquid)
𝑅
(iv) 𝑛 =1+
𝑓2
= ……….cm(water)
= …………cm(transparent liquid)
RESULTS:
PRECAUTIONS:
Acknowledgement
Objective And Apparatus
Diagram
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Calculations
Results
Precautions
Sources Of Errors
To find the refractive index of transparent liquid(Here water and oil) by
using plane mirror andequi-convex lens.VIDEO
DEMONSTRATIONhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4SpfMMEy8
Y PROJECT PROCEDUREhttp://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-
Projects/Physics/Refractive-Indices-of-Water-And-Turpentine-Oil.php
http://www.scribd.com/doc/124741001/Physics-
Project#scribdComprehensive Practical Physics - LaxmiPublications
Equi-convex lens, plane mirror, a thin needle,iron stand with clamp,
water and oil,spherometer, metre scale
By lens-makers formula
(
−1)( 1
−1
)=1
Where: n
g
: Refractive index of lens glassn
l
: Refractive index of liquid usedR
1
:
and R
2
(Radius of curvatures) can bemeasuredn
g
is known or easily calculated whenexperiment is done in airHence n
l
can be calculated by using the lens-makers formula
1) Take R
2
11) Repeat this experiment with oil as liquidand take the focal length to
be f
o
.
Finding refractive index of material theliquid:
1) Take R
2
find n
l
which here isn
w
.5) Repeat this experiment with f as f
o
and n
l
to be n
o
.
h=(100+a
1
)-a
2
If n
≠
0
h=(n×100+a
1
)-a
2
(cm)Lensa
1
×L.C(cm)Flat areaa
2
×L.C(cm)
1) h
1
=2) h
2
=3) h
3
=Distance between legs of spherometer
=
l= cm
Height
ℎ=
2⁄
h= cmRadius of curvature
=
6
R= cm
For focal length of lens:
Sl.No Distance of needle from
=
(cm)Mirror x
1
(cm) Lens x
2
(cm)
1) f
1
=2) f
2
=3) f
3
=Focal length
=
f= cm
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=
2
(cm)Mirror x
1
(cm) Lens x
2
(cm)
1) f
1
=2) f
2
=3) f
3
=Focal length
f
w
= cm
For focal length of lens with oil:
Sl.No Distance of needle from
=
2
(cm)Mirror x
1
(cm) Lens x
2
(cm)
1) f
1
=2) f
2
=3) f
3
=Focal length
f
o
= cm
Calculating refractive index:
Without any liquid
=
)
Hence refractive index of water n
w
=
With oil:
=